crypto: add crypto_memneq()

This adds crypto_memneq() from Linux for the same reason it is present
in Linux. From the commit message adding it:

When comparing MAC hashes, AEAD authentication tags, or other hash
values in the context of authentication or integrity checking, it
is important not to leak timing information to a potential attacker,
i.e. when communication happens over a network.

Bytewise memory comparisons (such as memcmp) are usually optimized so
that they return a nonzero value as soon as a mismatch is found. E.g,
on x86_64/i5 for 512 bytes this can be ~50 cyc for a full mismatch
and up to ~850 cyc for a full match (cold). This early-return behavior
can leak timing information as a side channel, allowing an attacker to
iteratively guess the correct result.

This patch adds a new method crypto_memneq ("memory not equal to each
other") to the crypto API that compares memory areas of the same length
in roughly "constant time" (cache misses could change the timing, but
since they don't reveal information about the content of the strings
being compared, they are effectively benign). Iow, best and worst case
behaviour take the same amount of time to complete (in contrast to
memcmp).

Note that crypto_memneq (unlike memcmp) can only be used to test for
equality or inequality, NOT for lexicographical order. This, however,
is not an issue for its use-cases within the crypto API.

Signed-off-by: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>

2 files changed, 92 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/crypto/Makefile b/crypto/Makefile
index 3f59de08f0..5da58d7998 100644
--- a/crypto/Makefile
+++ b/crypto/Makefile
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ pbl-$(CONFIG_PBL_VERIFY_PIGGY)		+= sha2.o
 pbl-$(CONFIG_PBL_VERIFY_PIGGY)		+= digest.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DIGEST_SHA384_GENERIC)	+= sha4.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DIGEST_SHA512_GENERIC)	+= sha4.o
+obj-y	+= memneq.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_PBKDF2)	+= pbkdf2.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_RSA)	+= rsa.o
diff --git a/crypto/memneq.c b/crypto/memneq.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3bade0b7b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/memneq.c
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * Constant-time equality testing of memory regions.
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *
+ *   James Yonan <james@openvpn.net>
+ *   Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This file is provided under a dual BSD/GPLv2 license.  When using or
+ * redistributing this file, you may do so under either license.
+ *
+ * GPL LICENSE SUMMARY
+ *
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 OpenVPN Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ * The full GNU General Public License is included in this distribution
+ * in the file called LICENSE.GPL.
+ *
+ * BSD LICENSE
+ *
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 OpenVPN Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *     the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *     distribution.
+ *   * Neither the name of OpenVPN Technologies nor the names of its
+ *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+ *     from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+#include <common.h>
+#include <crypto.h>
+
+/* Compare two areas of memory without leaking timing information,
+ * and with special optimizations for common sizes.  Users should
+ * not call this function directly, but should instead use
+ * crypto_memneq defined in crypto/algapi.h.
+ */
+noinline unsigned long __crypto_memneq(const void *a, const void *b,
+				       size_t size)
+{
+	unsigned long neq = 0;
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS)
+	while (size >= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
+		neq |= *(unsigned long *)a ^ *(unsigned long *)b;
+		OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+		a += sizeof(unsigned long);
+		b += sizeof(unsigned long);
+		size -= sizeof(unsigned long);
+	}
+#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS */
+	while (size > 0) {
+		neq |= *(unsigned char *)a ^ *(unsigned char *)b;
+		OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+		a += 1;
+		b += 1;
+		size -= 1;
+	}
+	return neq;
+}