ubifs: update implementation from u-boot v2016.03

This updated code supports recovering from unclean unmounts when write
buffer size is larger than 8. Linux uses takes information into
consideration when checking for writes.
The following list shows the changes for each file done compared to
u-boot v2016.03 code.

Makefile
* Add gc.o, do not include header as in u-boot

budget.c:
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__

debug.c:
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Remove #include <linux/compat.h>
* Replace current->pid with 0

debug.h
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Add "0 &&" to ubifs_assert condition check
  U-Boot essentially disabled pr_crit output and dump_stack() is defined
  to do { } while (0), so ubifs_assert does nothing despite condition.

gc.c:
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__

io.c:
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Remove #include <linux/compat.h>

key.h:
* No changes

log.c:
* No changes

lprops.c:
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__

lpt.c
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Remove #include <linux/compat.h>
* Remove #include <ubi_uboot.h>

lpt_commit.c
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Remove #include <linux/compat.h>

master.c
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Remove #include <linux/compat.h>
* Remove #include <ubi_uboot.h>

misc.h
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Add #ifndef __BAREBOX__ around unneeded ubifs_current_time

orphan.c
* No changes

recovery.c
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__

replay.c
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Remove #include <linux/compat.h>

sb.c
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Remove #include <linux/compat.h>
* Remove #include <ubi_uboot.h>
* rp_uid and rp_gid are still uid_t, not kuid_t, so remove .val

scan.c
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__

super.c:
* Replaced current->pid with 0
* Replaced __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Removed #include <ubi_uboot.h>
* Removed #include <memalign.h>
* Added #include <init.h>
* Replaced malloc_cache_aligned with kzalloc
* Replaced I_LOCK with I_SYNC
* i_uid and i_gid are still uid_t, not kuid_t, so remove .val
* Replaced string "U-Boot" with "Barebox"
* Add #ifndef __BAREBOX__ around open_ubi, sb_test, sb_set, ubifs_mount,
  kill_ubifs_super, ubifs_fs_type
* Do not call ubi_open_volume or ubi_close_volume in ubifs_fill_super
  Those will already be handled in ubifs_probe
* Replaced uboot_ubifs_mount with new ubifs_get_super implementation using
  existing functions alloc_super, alloc_ubifs_info

tnc.c
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Remove #include <linux/compat.h>

tnc_misc.c
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__

ubifs-media.h
* Replace __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__

ubifs.c:
* Replaced __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Adjusted header includes
* Removed DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR
* Add static struct z_stream_s variable
* Add struct ubifs_priv delcaration
* Replaced zunzip with deflate_decompress call
* Add ifdef for disabling ZLIB and/or LZO support
* Replaced malloc_cache_aligned with kzalloc
* Added #ifndef __BAREBOX__ around filldir, ubifs_printdir,
  ubifs_set_blk_dev, ubifs_ls, ubifs_exists, ubifs_size, do_readpage,
  ubifs_read, ubifs_close, ubifs_load
* Make parameter filename const char* in ubifs_findfile
* Add UBIFS fs_driver_d implementation
* Add zlib_decomp_init, ubifs_init

ubifs.h:
* Replaced __UBOOT__ with __BAREBOX__
* Adjusted header includes
* Added old #define crc32
* Added helper around kmem*
* Added XATTR_LIST_MAX define
* Added #ifndef __BAREBOX__ around current_fs_time struct inode,
  struct super_block, file_system_type, dentry and friends which barebox
  already has
* Added #ifndef __BAREBOX__ around write_inode in super_operations to avoid
  declaration of writeback_control
* Change rp_uid and rp_gid to uid_t and gui_t
* Added struct device_d to struct ubifs_info
* Added forward declaration of ubifs_get_super

linux/fs.h:
* Make struct inode's i_nlink a union containing a non-const int __i_nlink
  while making i_nlink a const int

linux/fs.h:
* Add s_remove_count

linux/fs.h:
* Convert struct super_block.s_instances and
  struct file_system_type.fs_supers to hlist_head

Signed-off-by: Alexander Stein <alexander.stein@systec-electronic.com>
Signed-off-by: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>

24 files changed, 16743 insertions, 1957 deletions

diff --git a/fs/ubifs/Makefile b/fs/ubifs/Makefile
index f7a7748b08..e39ae3b0fd 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/ubifs/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 obj-y += ubifs.o io.o super.o sb.o master.o lpt.o
 obj-y += lpt_commit.o scan.o lprops.o
 obj-y += tnc.o tnc_misc.o debug.o crc16.o budget.o
-obj-y += log.o orphan.o recovery.o replay.o
+obj-y += log.o orphan.o recovery.o replay.o gc.o
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/budget.c b/fs/ubifs/budget.c
index 85377ea2a6..b160ec63a2 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/budget.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/budget.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Adrian Hunter
  *          Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
@@ -31,32 +20,170 @@
  */
 
 #include "ubifs.h"
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#else
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#endif
 #include <linux/math64.h>
 
+/*
+ * When pessimistic budget calculations say that there is no enough space,
+ * UBIFS starts writing back dirty inodes and pages, doing garbage collection,
+ * or committing. The below constant defines maximum number of times UBIFS
+ * repeats the operations.
+ */
+#define MAX_MKSPC_RETRIES 3
+
+/*
+ * The below constant defines amount of dirty pages which should be written
+ * back at when trying to shrink the liability.
+ */
+#define NR_TO_WRITE 16
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * shrink_liability - write-back some dirty pages/inodes.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @nr_to_write: how many dirty pages to write-back
+ *
+ * This function shrinks UBIFS liability by means of writing back some amount
+ * of dirty inodes and their pages.
+ *
+ * Note, this function synchronizes even VFS inodes which are locked
+ * (@i_mutex) by the caller of the budgeting function, because write-back does
+ * not touch @i_mutex.
+ */
+static void shrink_liability(struct ubifs_info *c, int nr_to_write)
+{
+	down_read(&c->vfs_sb->s_umount);
+	writeback_inodes_sb(c->vfs_sb, WB_REASON_FS_FREE_SPACE);
+	up_read(&c->vfs_sb->s_umount);
+}
+
+/**
+ * run_gc - run garbage collector.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function runs garbage collector to make some more free space. Returns
+ * zero if a free LEB has been produced, %-EAGAIN if commit is required, and a
+ * negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+static int run_gc(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, lnum;
+
+	/* Make some free space by garbage-collecting dirty space */
+	down_read(&c->commit_sem);
+	lnum = ubifs_garbage_collect(c, 1);
+	up_read(&c->commit_sem);
+	if (lnum < 0)
+		return lnum;
+
+	/* GC freed one LEB, return it to lprops */
+	dbg_budg("GC freed LEB %d", lnum);
+	err = ubifs_return_leb(c, lnum);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /**
- * ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs - calculate amount of eraseblocks for the index.
+ * get_liability - calculate current liability.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
- * This function calculates and returns the number of eraseblocks which should
- * be kept for index usage.
+ * This function calculates and returns current UBIFS liability, i.e. the
+ * amount of bytes UBIFS has "promised" to write to the media.
+ */
+static long long get_liability(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	long long liab;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
+	liab = c->bi.idx_growth + c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
+	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+	return liab;
+}
+
+/**
+ * make_free_space - make more free space on the file-system.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function is called when an operation cannot be budgeted because there
+ * is supposedly no free space. But in most cases there is some free space:
+ *   o budgeting is pessimistic, so it always budgets more than it is actually
+ *     needed, so shrinking the liability is one way to make free space - the
+ *     cached data will take less space then it was budgeted for;
+ *   o GC may turn some dark space into free space (budgeting treats dark space
+ *     as not available);
+ *   o commit may free some LEB, i.e., turn freeable LEBs into free LEBs.
+ *
+ * So this function tries to do the above. Returns %-EAGAIN if some free space
+ * was presumably made and the caller has to re-try budgeting the operation.
+ * Returns %-ENOSPC if it couldn't do more free space, and other negative error
+ * codes on failures.
+ */
+static int make_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, retries = 0;
+	long long liab1, liab2;
+
+	do {
+		liab1 = get_liability(c);
+		/*
+		 * We probably have some dirty pages or inodes (liability), try
+		 * to write them back.
+		 */
+		dbg_budg("liability %lld, run write-back", liab1);
+		shrink_liability(c, NR_TO_WRITE);
+
+		liab2 = get_liability(c);
+		if (liab2 < liab1)
+			return -EAGAIN;
+
+		dbg_budg("new liability %lld (not shrunk)", liab2);
+
+		/* Liability did not shrink again, try GC */
+		dbg_budg("Run GC");
+		err = run_gc(c);
+		if (!err)
+			return -EAGAIN;
+
+		if (err != -EAGAIN && err != -ENOSPC)
+			/* Some real error happened */
+			return err;
+
+		dbg_budg("Run commit (retries %d)", retries);
+		err = ubifs_run_commit(c);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	} while (retries++ < MAX_MKSPC_RETRIES);
+
+	return -ENOSPC;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs - calculate amount of LEBs for the index.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function calculates and returns the number of LEBs which should be kept
+ * for index usage.
  */
 int ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
-	int idx_lebs, eff_leb_size = c->leb_size - c->max_idx_node_sz;
+	int idx_lebs;
 	long long idx_size;
 
-	idx_size = c->old_idx_sz + c->budg_idx_growth + c->budg_uncommitted_idx;
-
+	idx_size = c->bi.old_idx_sz + c->bi.idx_growth + c->bi.uncommitted_idx;
 	/* And make sure we have thrice the index size of space reserved */
-	idx_size = idx_size + (idx_size << 1);
-
+	idx_size += idx_size << 1;
 	/*
 	 * We do not maintain 'old_idx_size' as 'old_idx_lebs'/'old_idx_bytes'
 	 * pair, nor similarly the two variables for the new index size, so we
 	 * have to do this costly 64-bit division on fast-path.
 	 */
-	idx_size += eff_leb_size - 1;
-	idx_lebs = div_u64(idx_size, eff_leb_size);
+	idx_lebs = div_u64(idx_size + c->idx_leb_size - 1, c->idx_leb_size);
 	/*
 	 * The index head is not available for the in-the-gaps method, so add an
 	 * extra LEB to compensate.
@@ -67,6 +194,423 @@ int ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	return idx_lebs;
 }
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * ubifs_calc_available - calculate available FS space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @min_idx_lebs: minimum number of LEBs reserved for the index
+ *
+ * This function calculates and returns amount of FS space available for use.
+ */
+long long ubifs_calc_available(const struct ubifs_info *c, int min_idx_lebs)
+{
+	int subtract_lebs;
+	long long available;
+
+	available = c->main_bytes - c->lst.total_used;
+
+	/*
+	 * Now 'available' contains theoretically available flash space
+	 * assuming there is no index, so we have to subtract the space which
+	 * is reserved for the index.
+	 */
+	subtract_lebs = min_idx_lebs;
+
+	/* Take into account that GC reserves one LEB for its own needs */
+	subtract_lebs += 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * The GC journal head LEB is not really accessible. And since
+	 * different write types go to different heads, we may count only on
+	 * one head's space.
+	 */
+	subtract_lebs += c->jhead_cnt - 1;
+
+	/* We also reserve one LEB for deletions, which bypass budgeting */
+	subtract_lebs += 1;
+
+	available -= (long long)subtract_lebs * c->leb_size;
+
+	/* Subtract the dead space which is not available for use */
+	available -= c->lst.total_dead;
+
+	/*
+	 * Subtract dark space, which might or might not be usable - it depends
+	 * on the data which we have on the media and which will be written. If
+	 * this is a lot of uncompressed or not-compressible data, the dark
+	 * space cannot be used.
+	 */
+	available -= c->lst.total_dark;
+
+	/*
+	 * However, there is more dark space. The index may be bigger than
+	 * @min_idx_lebs. Those extra LEBs are assumed to be available, but
+	 * their dark space is not included in total_dark, so it is subtracted
+	 * here.
+	 */
+	if (c->lst.idx_lebs > min_idx_lebs) {
+		subtract_lebs = c->lst.idx_lebs - min_idx_lebs;
+		available -= subtract_lebs * c->dark_wm;
+	}
+
+	/* The calculations are rough and may end up with a negative number */
+	return available > 0 ? available : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * can_use_rp - check whether the user is allowed to use reserved pool.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * UBIFS has so-called "reserved pool" which is flash space reserved
+ * for the superuser and for uses whose UID/GID is recorded in UBIFS superblock.
+ * This function checks whether current user is allowed to use reserved pool.
+ * Returns %1  current user is allowed to use reserved pool and %0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int can_use_rp(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	if (uid_eq(current_fsuid(), c->rp_uid) || capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) ||
+	    (!gid_eq(c->rp_gid, GLOBAL_ROOT_GID) && in_group_p(c->rp_gid)))
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * do_budget_space - reserve flash space for index and data growth.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function makes sure UBIFS has enough free LEBs for index growth and
+ * data.
+ *
+ * When budgeting index space, UBIFS reserves thrice as many LEBs as the index
+ * would take if it was consolidated and written to the flash. This guarantees
+ * that the "in-the-gaps" commit method always succeeds and UBIFS will always
+ * be able to commit dirty index. So this function basically adds amount of
+ * budgeted index space to the size of the current index, multiplies this by 3,
+ * and makes sure this does not exceed the amount of free LEBs.
+ *
+ * Notes about @c->bi.min_idx_lebs and @c->lst.idx_lebs variables:
+ * o @c->lst.idx_lebs is the number of LEBs the index currently uses. It might
+ *    be large, because UBIFS does not do any index consolidation as long as
+ *    there is free space. IOW, the index may take a lot of LEBs, but the LEBs
+ *    will contain a lot of dirt.
+ * o @c->bi.min_idx_lebs is the number of LEBS the index presumably takes. IOW,
+ *    the index may be consolidated to take up to @c->bi.min_idx_lebs LEBs.
+ *
+ * This function returns zero in case of success, and %-ENOSPC in case of
+ * failure.
+ */
+static int do_budget_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	long long outstanding, available;
+	int lebs, rsvd_idx_lebs, min_idx_lebs;
+
+	/* First budget index space */
+	min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+
+	/* Now 'min_idx_lebs' contains number of LEBs to reserve */
+	if (min_idx_lebs > c->lst.idx_lebs)
+		rsvd_idx_lebs = min_idx_lebs - c->lst.idx_lebs;
+	else
+		rsvd_idx_lebs = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * The number of LEBs that are available to be used by the index is:
+	 *
+	 *    @c->lst.empty_lebs + @c->freeable_cnt + @c->idx_gc_cnt -
+	 *    @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs
+	 *
+	 * @c->lst.empty_lebs are available because they are empty.
+	 * @c->freeable_cnt are available because they contain only free and
+	 * dirty space, @c->idx_gc_cnt are available because they are index
+	 * LEBs that have been garbage collected and are awaiting the commit
+	 * before they can be used. And the in-the-gaps method will grab these
+	 * if it needs them. @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs are empty LEBs that have
+	 * already been allocated for some purpose.
+	 *
+	 * Note, @c->idx_gc_cnt is included to both @c->lst.empty_lebs (because
+	 * these LEBs are empty) and to @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs (because they
+	 * are taken until after the commit).
+	 *
+	 * Note, @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs may temporarily be higher by one
+	 * because of the way we serialize LEB allocations and budgeting. See a
+	 * comment in 'ubifs_find_free_space()'.
+	 */
+	lebs = c->lst.empty_lebs + c->freeable_cnt + c->idx_gc_cnt -
+	       c->lst.taken_empty_lebs;
+	if (unlikely(rsvd_idx_lebs > lebs)) {
+		dbg_budg("out of indexing space: min_idx_lebs %d (old %d), rsvd_idx_lebs %d",
+			 min_idx_lebs, c->bi.min_idx_lebs, rsvd_idx_lebs);
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+
+	available = ubifs_calc_available(c, min_idx_lebs);
+	outstanding = c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
+
+	if (unlikely(available < outstanding)) {
+		dbg_budg("out of data space: available %lld, outstanding %lld",
+			 available, outstanding);
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+
+	if (available - outstanding <= c->rp_size && !can_use_rp(c))
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = min_idx_lebs;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * calc_idx_growth - calculate approximate index growth from budgeting request.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @req: budgeting request
+ *
+ * For now we assume each new node adds one znode. But this is rather poor
+ * approximation, though.
+ */
+static int calc_idx_growth(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+			   const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
+{
+	int znodes;
+
+	znodes = req->new_ino + (req->new_page << UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT) +
+		 req->new_dent;
+	return znodes * c->max_idx_node_sz;
+}
+
+/**
+ * calc_data_growth - calculate approximate amount of new data from budgeting
+ * request.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @req: budgeting request
+ */
+static int calc_data_growth(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+			    const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
+{
+	int data_growth;
+
+	data_growth = req->new_ino  ? c->bi.inode_budget : 0;
+	if (req->new_page)
+		data_growth += c->bi.page_budget;
+	if (req->new_dent)
+		data_growth += c->bi.dent_budget;
+	data_growth += req->new_ino_d;
+	return data_growth;
+}
+
+/**
+ * calc_dd_growth - calculate approximate amount of data which makes other data
+ * dirty from budgeting request.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @req: budgeting request
+ */
+static int calc_dd_growth(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+			  const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
+{
+	int dd_growth;
+
+	dd_growth = req->dirtied_page ? c->bi.page_budget : 0;
+
+	if (req->dirtied_ino)
+		dd_growth += c->bi.inode_budget << (req->dirtied_ino - 1);
+	if (req->mod_dent)
+		dd_growth += c->bi.dent_budget;
+	dd_growth += req->dirtied_ino_d;
+	return dd_growth;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_budget_space - ensure there is enough space to complete an operation.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @req: budget request
+ *
+ * This function allocates budget for an operation. It uses pessimistic
+ * approximation of how much flash space the operation needs. The goal of this
+ * function is to make sure UBIFS always has flash space to flush all dirty
+ * pages, dirty inodes, and dirty znodes (liability). This function may force
+ * commit, garbage-collection or write-back. Returns zero in case of success,
+ * %-ENOSPC if there is no free space and other negative error codes in case of
+ * failures.
+ */
+int ubifs_budget_space(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
+{
+	int err, idx_growth, data_growth, dd_growth, retried = 0;
+
+	ubifs_assert(req->new_page <= 1);
+	ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_page <= 1);
+	ubifs_assert(req->new_dent <= 1);
+	ubifs_assert(req->mod_dent <= 1);
+	ubifs_assert(req->new_ino <= 1);
+	ubifs_assert(req->new_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA);
+	ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_ino <= 4);
+	ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA * 4);
+	ubifs_assert(!(req->new_ino_d & 7));
+	ubifs_assert(!(req->dirtied_ino_d & 7));
+
+	data_growth = calc_data_growth(c, req);
+	dd_growth = calc_dd_growth(c, req);
+	if (!data_growth && !dd_growth)
+		return 0;
+	idx_growth = calc_idx_growth(c, req);
+
+again:
+	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.idx_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.data_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.dd_growth >= 0);
+
+	if (unlikely(c->bi.nospace) && (c->bi.nospace_rp || !can_use_rp(c))) {
+		dbg_budg("no space");
+		spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+
+	c->bi.idx_growth += idx_growth;
+	c->bi.data_growth += data_growth;
+	c->bi.dd_growth += dd_growth;
+
+	err = do_budget_space(c);
+	if (likely(!err)) {
+		req->idx_growth = idx_growth;
+		req->data_growth = data_growth;
+		req->dd_growth = dd_growth;
+		spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Restore the old values */
+	c->bi.idx_growth -= idx_growth;
+	c->bi.data_growth -= data_growth;
+	c->bi.dd_growth -= dd_growth;
+	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+
+	if (req->fast) {
+		dbg_budg("no space for fast budgeting");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	err = make_free_space(c);
+	cond_resched();
+	if (err == -EAGAIN) {
+		dbg_budg("try again");
+		goto again;
+	} else if (err == -ENOSPC) {
+		if (!retried) {
+			retried = 1;
+			dbg_budg("-ENOSPC, but anyway try once again");
+			goto again;
+		}
+		dbg_budg("FS is full, -ENOSPC");
+		c->bi.nospace = 1;
+		if (can_use_rp(c) || c->rp_size == 0)
+			c->bi.nospace_rp = 1;
+		smp_wmb();
+	} else
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot budget space, error %d", err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_release_budget - release budgeted free space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @req: budget request
+ *
+ * This function releases the space budgeted by 'ubifs_budget_space()'. Note,
+ * since the index changes (which were budgeted for in @req->idx_growth) will
+ * only be written to the media on commit, this function moves the index budget
+ * from @c->bi.idx_growth to @c->bi.uncommitted_idx. The latter will be zeroed
+ * by the commit operation.
+ */
+void ubifs_release_budget(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
+{
+	ubifs_assert(req->new_page <= 1);
+	ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_page <= 1);
+	ubifs_assert(req->new_dent <= 1);
+	ubifs_assert(req->mod_dent <= 1);
+	ubifs_assert(req->new_ino <= 1);
+	ubifs_assert(req->new_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA);
+	ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_ino <= 4);
+	ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA * 4);
+	ubifs_assert(!(req->new_ino_d & 7));
+	ubifs_assert(!(req->dirtied_ino_d & 7));
+	if (!req->recalculate) {
+		ubifs_assert(req->idx_growth >= 0);
+		ubifs_assert(req->data_growth >= 0);
+		ubifs_assert(req->dd_growth >= 0);
+	}
+
+	if (req->recalculate) {
+		req->data_growth = calc_data_growth(c, req);
+		req->dd_growth = calc_dd_growth(c, req);
+		req->idx_growth = calc_idx_growth(c, req);
+	}
+
+	if (!req->data_growth && !req->dd_growth)
+		return;
+
+	c->bi.nospace = c->bi.nospace_rp = 0;
+	smp_wmb();
+
+	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
+	c->bi.idx_growth -= req->idx_growth;
+	c->bi.uncommitted_idx += req->idx_growth;
+	c->bi.data_growth -= req->data_growth;
+	c->bi.dd_growth -= req->dd_growth;
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.idx_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.data_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.dd_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.min_idx_lebs < c->main_lebs);
+	ubifs_assert(!(c->bi.idx_growth & 7));
+	ubifs_assert(!(c->bi.data_growth & 7));
+	ubifs_assert(!(c->bi.dd_growth & 7));
+	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_convert_page_budget - convert budget of a new page.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function converts budget which was allocated for a new page of data to
+ * the budget of changing an existing page of data. The latter is smaller than
+ * the former, so this function only does simple re-calculation and does not
+ * involve any write-back.
+ */
+void ubifs_convert_page_budget(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
+	/* Release the index growth reservation */
+	c->bi.idx_growth -= c->max_idx_node_sz << UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT;
+	/* Release the data growth reservation */
+	c->bi.data_growth -= c->bi.page_budget;
+	/* Increase the dirty data growth reservation instead */
+	c->bi.dd_growth += c->bi.page_budget;
+	/* And re-calculate the indexing space reservation */
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget - release dirty inode budget.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @ui: UBIFS inode to release the budget for
+ *
+ * This function releases budget corresponding to a dirty inode. It is usually
+ * called when after the inode has been written to the media and marked as
+ * clean. It also causes the "no space" flags to be cleared.
+ */
+void ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget(struct ubifs_info *c,
+				      struct ubifs_inode *ui)
+{
+	struct ubifs_budget_req req;
+
+	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(struct ubifs_budget_req));
+	/* The "no space" flags will be cleared because dd_growth is > 0 */
+	req.dd_growth = c->bi.inode_budget + ALIGN(ui->data_len, 8);
+	ubifs_release_budget(c, &req);
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * ubifs_reported_space - calculate reported free space.
  * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -111,3 +655,75 @@ long long ubifs_reported_space(const struct ubifs_info *c, long long free)
 	free *= factor;
 	return div_u64(free, divisor);
 }
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * ubifs_get_free_space_nolock - return amount of free space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function calculates amount of free space to report to user-space.
+ *
+ * Because UBIFS may introduce substantial overhead (the index, node headers,
+ * alignment, wastage at the end of LEBs, etc), it cannot report real amount of
+ * free flash space it has (well, because not all dirty space is reclaimable,
+ * UBIFS does not actually know the real amount). If UBIFS did so, it would
+ * bread user expectations about what free space is. Users seem to accustomed
+ * to assume that if the file-system reports N bytes of free space, they would
+ * be able to fit a file of N bytes to the FS. This almost works for
+ * traditional file-systems, because they have way less overhead than UBIFS.
+ * So, to keep users happy, UBIFS tries to take the overhead into account.
+ */
+long long ubifs_get_free_space_nolock(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int rsvd_idx_lebs, lebs;
+	long long available, outstanding, free;
+
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.min_idx_lebs == ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c));
+	outstanding = c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
+	available = ubifs_calc_available(c, c->bi.min_idx_lebs);
+
+	/*
+	 * When reporting free space to user-space, UBIFS guarantees that it is
+	 * possible to write a file of free space size. This means that for
+	 * empty LEBs we may use more precise calculations than
+	 * 'ubifs_calc_available()' is using. Namely, we know that in empty
+	 * LEBs we would waste only @c->leb_overhead bytes, not @c->dark_wm.
+	 * Thus, amend the available space.
+	 *
+	 * Note, the calculations below are similar to what we have in
+	 * 'do_budget_space()', so refer there for comments.
+	 */
+	if (c->bi.min_idx_lebs > c->lst.idx_lebs)
+		rsvd_idx_lebs = c->bi.min_idx_lebs - c->lst.idx_lebs;
+	else
+		rsvd_idx_lebs = 0;
+	lebs = c->lst.empty_lebs + c->freeable_cnt + c->idx_gc_cnt -
+	       c->lst.taken_empty_lebs;
+	lebs -= rsvd_idx_lebs;
+	available += lebs * (c->dark_wm - c->leb_overhead);
+
+	if (available > outstanding)
+		free = ubifs_reported_space(c, available - outstanding);
+	else
+		free = 0;
+	return free;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_get_free_space - return amount of free space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function calculates and returns amount of free space to report to
+ * user-space.
+ */
+long long ubifs_get_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	long long free;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
+	free = ubifs_get_free_space_nolock(c);
+	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+
+	return free;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/debug.c b/fs/ubifs/debug.c
index 6afb8835a5..83125577fd 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/debug.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/debug.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -27,28 +16,42 @@
  * various local functions of those subsystems.
  */
 
-#define UBIFS_DBG_PRESERVE_UBI
-
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
+#include <linux/math64.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#else
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#endif
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG
-
-DEFINE_SPINLOCK(dbg_lock);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(dbg_lock);
+#endif
 
-static char dbg_key_buf0[128];
-static char dbg_key_buf1[128];
-
-unsigned int ubifs_msg_flags = UBIFS_MSG_FLAGS_DEFAULT;
-unsigned int ubifs_chk_flags = UBIFS_CHK_FLAGS_DEFAULT;
-unsigned int ubifs_tst_flags;
-
-module_param_named(debug_msgs, ubifs_msg_flags, uint, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
-module_param_named(debug_chks, ubifs_chk_flags, uint, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
-module_param_named(debug_tsts, ubifs_tst_flags, uint, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
+static const char *get_key_fmt(int fmt)
+{
+	switch (fmt) {
+	case UBIFS_SIMPLE_KEY_FMT:
+		return "simple";
+	default:
+		return "unknown/invalid format";
+	}
+}
 
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_msgs, "Debug message type flags");
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_chks, "Debug check flags");
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_tsts, "Debug special test flags");
+static const char *get_key_hash(int hash)
+{
+	switch (hash) {
+	case UBIFS_KEY_HASH_R5:
+		return "R5";
+	case UBIFS_KEY_HASH_TEST:
+		return "test";
+	default:
+		return "unknown/invalid name hash";
+	}
+}
 
 static const char *get_key_type(int type)
 {
@@ -68,8 +71,32 @@ static const char *get_key_type(int type)
 	}
 }
 
-static void sprintf_key(const struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
-			char *buffer)
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static const char *get_dent_type(int type)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case UBIFS_ITYPE_REG:
+		return "file";
+	case UBIFS_ITYPE_DIR:
+		return "dir";
+	case UBIFS_ITYPE_LNK:
+		return "symlink";
+	case UBIFS_ITYPE_BLK:
+		return "blkdev";
+	case UBIFS_ITYPE_CHR:
+		return "char dev";
+	case UBIFS_ITYPE_FIFO:
+		return "fifo";
+	case UBIFS_ITYPE_SOCK:
+		return "socket";
+	default:
+		return "unknown/invalid type";
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+const char *dbg_snprintf_key(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+			     const union ubifs_key *key, char *buffer, int len)
 {
 	char *p = buffer;
 	int type = key_type(c, key);
@@ -77,70 +104,3036 @@ static void sprintf_key(const struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 	if (c->key_fmt == UBIFS_SIMPLE_KEY_FMT) {
 		switch (type) {
 		case UBIFS_INO_KEY:
-			sprintf(p, "(%lu, %s)", (unsigned long)key_inum(c, key),
-			       get_key_type(type));
+			len -= snprintf(p, len, "(%lu, %s)",
+					(unsigned long)key_inum(c, key),
+					get_key_type(type));
 			break;
 		case UBIFS_DENT_KEY:
 		case UBIFS_XENT_KEY:
-			sprintf(p, "(%lu, %s, %#08x)",
-				(unsigned long)key_inum(c, key),
-				get_key_type(type), key_hash(c, key));
+			len -= snprintf(p, len, "(%lu, %s, %#08x)",
+					(unsigned long)key_inum(c, key),
+					get_key_type(type), key_hash(c, key));
 			break;
 		case UBIFS_DATA_KEY:
-			sprintf(p, "(%lu, %s, %u)",
-				(unsigned long)key_inum(c, key),
-				get_key_type(type), key_block(c, key));
+			len -= snprintf(p, len, "(%lu, %s, %u)",
+					(unsigned long)key_inum(c, key),
+					get_key_type(type), key_block(c, key));
 			break;
 		case UBIFS_TRUN_KEY:
-			sprintf(p, "(%lu, %s)",
-				(unsigned long)key_inum(c, key),
-				get_key_type(type));
+			len -= snprintf(p, len, "(%lu, %s)",
+					(unsigned long)key_inum(c, key),
+					get_key_type(type));
 			break;
 		default:
-			sprintf(p, "(bad key type: %#08x, %#08x)",
-				key->u32[0], key->u32[1]);
+			len -= snprintf(p, len, "(bad key type: %#08x, %#08x)",
+					key->u32[0], key->u32[1]);
 		}
 	} else
-		sprintf(p, "bad key format %d", c->key_fmt);
+		len -= snprintf(p, len, "bad key format %d", c->key_fmt);
+	ubifs_assert(len > 0);
+	return p;
+}
+
+const char *dbg_ntype(int type)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case UBIFS_PAD_NODE:
+		return "padding node";
+	case UBIFS_SB_NODE:
+		return "superblock node";
+	case UBIFS_MST_NODE:
+		return "master node";
+	case UBIFS_REF_NODE:
+		return "reference node";
+	case UBIFS_INO_NODE:
+		return "inode node";
+	case UBIFS_DENT_NODE:
+		return "direntry node";
+	case UBIFS_XENT_NODE:
+		return "xentry node";
+	case UBIFS_DATA_NODE:
+		return "data node";
+	case UBIFS_TRUN_NODE:
+		return "truncate node";
+	case UBIFS_IDX_NODE:
+		return "indexing node";
+	case UBIFS_CS_NODE:
+		return "commit start node";
+	case UBIFS_ORPH_NODE:
+		return "orphan node";
+	default:
+		return "unknown node";
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *dbg_gtype(int type)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case UBIFS_NO_NODE_GROUP:
+		return "no node group";
+	case UBIFS_IN_NODE_GROUP:
+		return "in node group";
+	case UBIFS_LAST_OF_NODE_GROUP:
+		return "last of node group";
+	default:
+		return "unknown";
+	}
+}
+
+const char *dbg_cstate(int cmt_state)
+{
+	switch (cmt_state) {
+	case COMMIT_RESTING:
+		return "commit resting";
+	case COMMIT_BACKGROUND:
+		return "background commit requested";
+	case COMMIT_REQUIRED:
+		return "commit required";
+	case COMMIT_RUNNING_BACKGROUND:
+		return "BACKGROUND commit running";
+	case COMMIT_RUNNING_REQUIRED:
+		return "commit running and required";
+	case COMMIT_BROKEN:
+		return "broken commit";
+	default:
+		return "unknown commit state";
+	}
+}
+
+const char *dbg_jhead(int jhead)
+{
+	switch (jhead) {
+	case GCHD:
+		return "0 (GC)";
+	case BASEHD:
+		return "1 (base)";
+	case DATAHD:
+		return "2 (data)";
+	default:
+		return "unknown journal head";
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_ch(const struct ubifs_ch *ch)
+{
+	pr_err("\tmagic          %#x\n", le32_to_cpu(ch->magic));
+	pr_err("\tcrc            %#x\n", le32_to_cpu(ch->crc));
+	pr_err("\tnode_type      %d (%s)\n", ch->node_type,
+	       dbg_ntype(ch->node_type));
+	pr_err("\tgroup_type     %d (%s)\n", ch->group_type,
+	       dbg_gtype(ch->group_type));
+	pr_err("\tsqnum          %llu\n",
+	       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(ch->sqnum));
+	pr_err("\tlen            %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ch->len));
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_inode(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *inode)
+{
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	const struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+	struct qstr nm = { .name = NULL };
+	union ubifs_key key;
+	struct ubifs_dent_node *dent, *pdent = NULL;
+	int count = 2;
+
+	pr_err("Dump in-memory inode:");
+	pr_err("\tinode          %lu\n", inode->i_ino);
+	pr_err("\tsize           %llu\n",
+	       (unsigned long long)i_size_read(inode));
+	pr_err("\tnlink          %u\n", inode->i_nlink);
+	pr_err("\tuid            %u\n", (unsigned int)i_uid_read(inode));
+	pr_err("\tgid            %u\n", (unsigned int)i_gid_read(inode));
+	pr_err("\tatime          %u.%u\n",
+	       (unsigned int)inode->i_atime.tv_sec,
+	       (unsigned int)inode->i_atime.tv_nsec);
+	pr_err("\tmtime          %u.%u\n",
+	       (unsigned int)inode->i_mtime.tv_sec,
+	       (unsigned int)inode->i_mtime.tv_nsec);
+	pr_err("\tctime          %u.%u\n",
+	       (unsigned int)inode->i_ctime.tv_sec,
+	       (unsigned int)inode->i_ctime.tv_nsec);
+	pr_err("\tcreat_sqnum    %llu\n", ui->creat_sqnum);
+	pr_err("\txattr_size     %u\n", ui->xattr_size);
+	pr_err("\txattr_cnt      %u\n", ui->xattr_cnt);
+	pr_err("\txattr_names    %u\n", ui->xattr_names);
+	pr_err("\tdirty          %u\n", ui->dirty);
+	pr_err("\txattr          %u\n", ui->xattr);
+	pr_err("\tbulk_read      %u\n", ui->xattr);
+	pr_err("\tsynced_i_size  %llu\n",
+	       (unsigned long long)ui->synced_i_size);
+	pr_err("\tui_size        %llu\n",
+	       (unsigned long long)ui->ui_size);
+	pr_err("\tflags          %d\n", ui->flags);
+	pr_err("\tcompr_type     %d\n", ui->compr_type);
+	pr_err("\tlast_page_read %lu\n", ui->last_page_read);
+	pr_err("\tread_in_a_row  %lu\n", ui->read_in_a_row);
+	pr_err("\tdata_len       %d\n", ui->data_len);
+
+	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+		return;
+
+	pr_err("List of directory entries:\n");
+	ubifs_assert(!mutex_is_locked(&c->tnc_mutex));
+
+	lowest_dent_key(c, &key, inode->i_ino);
+	while (1) {
+		dent = ubifs_tnc_next_ent(c, &key, &nm);
+		if (IS_ERR(dent)) {
+			if (PTR_ERR(dent) != -ENOENT)
+				pr_err("error %ld\n", PTR_ERR(dent));
+			break;
+		}
+
+		pr_err("\t%d: %s (%s)\n",
+		       count++, dent->name, get_dent_type(dent->type));
+
+		nm.name = dent->name;
+		nm.len = le16_to_cpu(dent->nlen);
+		kfree(pdent);
+		pdent = dent;
+		key_read(c, &dent->key, &key);
+	}
+	kfree(pdent);
+#endif
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *node)
+{
+	int i, n;
+	union ubifs_key key;
+	const struct ubifs_ch *ch = node;
+	char key_buf[DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN];
+
+	/* If the magic is incorrect, just hexdump the first bytes */
+	if (le32_to_cpu(ch->magic) != UBIFS_NODE_MAGIC) {
+		pr_err("Not a node, first %zu bytes:", UBIFS_CH_SZ);
+		print_hex_dump(KERN_ERR, "", DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, 32, 1,
+			       (void *)node, UBIFS_CH_SZ, 1);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);
+	dump_ch(node);
+
+	switch (ch->node_type) {
+	case UBIFS_PAD_NODE:
+	{
+		const struct ubifs_pad_node *pad = node;
+
+		pr_err("\tpad_len        %u\n", le32_to_cpu(pad->pad_len));
+		break;
+	}
+	case UBIFS_SB_NODE:
+	{
+		const struct ubifs_sb_node *sup = node;
+		unsigned int sup_flags = le32_to_cpu(sup->flags);
+
+		pr_err("\tkey_hash       %d (%s)\n",
+		       (int)sup->key_hash, get_key_hash(sup->key_hash));
+		pr_err("\tkey_fmt        %d (%s)\n",
+		       (int)sup->key_fmt, get_key_fmt(sup->key_fmt));
+		pr_err("\tflags          %#x\n", sup_flags);
+		pr_err("\tbig_lpt        %u\n",
+		       !!(sup_flags & UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT));
+		pr_err("\tspace_fixup    %u\n",
+		       !!(sup_flags & UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP));
+		pr_err("\tmin_io_size    %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->min_io_size));
+		pr_err("\tleb_size       %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->leb_size));
+		pr_err("\tleb_cnt        %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->leb_cnt));
+		pr_err("\tmax_leb_cnt    %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->max_leb_cnt));
+		pr_err("\tmax_bud_bytes  %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(sup->max_bud_bytes));
+		pr_err("\tlog_lebs       %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->log_lebs));
+		pr_err("\tlpt_lebs       %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->lpt_lebs));
+		pr_err("\torph_lebs      %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->orph_lebs));
+		pr_err("\tjhead_cnt      %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->jhead_cnt));
+		pr_err("\tfanout         %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->fanout));
+		pr_err("\tlsave_cnt      %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->lsave_cnt));
+		pr_err("\tdefault_compr  %u\n",
+		       (int)le16_to_cpu(sup->default_compr));
+		pr_err("\trp_size        %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(sup->rp_size));
+		pr_err("\trp_uid         %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->rp_uid));
+		pr_err("\trp_gid         %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->rp_gid));
+		pr_err("\tfmt_version    %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->fmt_version));
+		pr_err("\ttime_gran      %u\n", le32_to_cpu(sup->time_gran));
+		pr_err("\tUUID           %pUB\n", sup->uuid);
+		break;
+	}
+	case UBIFS_MST_NODE:
+	{
+		const struct ubifs_mst_node *mst = node;
+
+		pr_err("\thighest_inum   %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(mst->highest_inum));
+		pr_err("\tcommit number  %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(mst->cmt_no));
+		pr_err("\tflags          %#x\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->flags));
+		pr_err("\tlog_lnum       %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->log_lnum));
+		pr_err("\troot_lnum      %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->root_lnum));
+		pr_err("\troot_offs      %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->root_offs));
+		pr_err("\troot_len       %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->root_len));
+		pr_err("\tgc_lnum        %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->gc_lnum));
+		pr_err("\tihead_lnum     %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->ihead_lnum));
+		pr_err("\tihead_offs     %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->ihead_offs));
+		pr_err("\tindex_size     %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(mst->index_size));
+		pr_err("\tlpt_lnum       %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->lpt_lnum));
+		pr_err("\tlpt_offs       %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->lpt_offs));
+		pr_err("\tnhead_lnum     %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->nhead_lnum));
+		pr_err("\tnhead_offs     %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->nhead_offs));
+		pr_err("\tltab_lnum      %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->ltab_lnum));
+		pr_err("\tltab_offs      %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->ltab_offs));
+		pr_err("\tlsave_lnum     %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->lsave_lnum));
+		pr_err("\tlsave_offs     %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->lsave_offs));
+		pr_err("\tlscan_lnum     %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->lscan_lnum));
+		pr_err("\tleb_cnt        %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->leb_cnt));
+		pr_err("\tempty_lebs     %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->empty_lebs));
+		pr_err("\tidx_lebs       %u\n", le32_to_cpu(mst->idx_lebs));
+		pr_err("\ttotal_free     %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(mst->total_free));
+		pr_err("\ttotal_dirty    %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(mst->total_dirty));
+		pr_err("\ttotal_used     %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(mst->total_used));
+		pr_err("\ttotal_dead     %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(mst->total_dead));
+		pr_err("\ttotal_dark     %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(mst->total_dark));
+		break;
+	}
+	case UBIFS_REF_NODE:
+	{
+		const struct ubifs_ref_node *ref = node;
+
+		pr_err("\tlnum           %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ref->lnum));
+		pr_err("\toffs           %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ref->offs));
+		pr_err("\tjhead          %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ref->jhead));
+		break;
+	}
+	case UBIFS_INO_NODE:
+	{
+		const struct ubifs_ino_node *ino = node;
+
+		key_read(c, &ino->key, &key);
+		pr_err("\tkey            %s\n",
+		       dbg_snprintf_key(c, &key, key_buf, DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+		pr_err("\tcreat_sqnum    %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(ino->creat_sqnum));
+		pr_err("\tsize           %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(ino->size));
+		pr_err("\tnlink          %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ino->nlink));
+		pr_err("\tatime          %lld.%u\n",
+		       (long long)le64_to_cpu(ino->atime_sec),
+		       le32_to_cpu(ino->atime_nsec));
+		pr_err("\tmtime          %lld.%u\n",
+		       (long long)le64_to_cpu(ino->mtime_sec),
+		       le32_to_cpu(ino->mtime_nsec));
+		pr_err("\tctime          %lld.%u\n",
+		       (long long)le64_to_cpu(ino->ctime_sec),
+		       le32_to_cpu(ino->ctime_nsec));
+		pr_err("\tuid            %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ino->uid));
+		pr_err("\tgid            %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ino->gid));
+		pr_err("\tmode           %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ino->mode));
+		pr_err("\tflags          %#x\n", le32_to_cpu(ino->flags));
+		pr_err("\txattr_cnt      %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_cnt));
+		pr_err("\txattr_size     %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_size));
+		pr_err("\txattr_names    %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_names));
+		pr_err("\tcompr_type     %#x\n",
+		       (int)le16_to_cpu(ino->compr_type));
+		pr_err("\tdata len       %u\n", le32_to_cpu(ino->data_len));
+		break;
+	}
+	case UBIFS_DENT_NODE:
+	case UBIFS_XENT_NODE:
+	{
+		const struct ubifs_dent_node *dent = node;
+		int nlen = le16_to_cpu(dent->nlen);
+
+		key_read(c, &dent->key, &key);
+		pr_err("\tkey            %s\n",
+		       dbg_snprintf_key(c, &key, key_buf, DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+		pr_err("\tinum           %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(dent->inum));
+		pr_err("\ttype           %d\n", (int)dent->type);
+		pr_err("\tnlen           %d\n", nlen);
+		pr_err("\tname           ");
+
+		if (nlen > UBIFS_MAX_NLEN)
+			pr_err("(bad name length, not printing, bad or corrupted node)");
+		else {
+			for (i = 0; i < nlen && dent->name[i]; i++)
+				pr_cont("%c", dent->name[i]);
+		}
+		pr_cont("\n");
+
+		break;
+	}
+	case UBIFS_DATA_NODE:
+	{
+		const struct ubifs_data_node *dn = node;
+		int dlen = le32_to_cpu(ch->len) - UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ;
+
+		key_read(c, &dn->key, &key);
+		pr_err("\tkey            %s\n",
+		       dbg_snprintf_key(c, &key, key_buf, DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+		pr_err("\tsize           %u\n", le32_to_cpu(dn->size));
+		pr_err("\tcompr_typ      %d\n",
+		       (int)le16_to_cpu(dn->compr_type));
+		pr_err("\tdata size      %d\n", dlen);
+		pr_err("\tdata:\n");
+		print_hex_dump(KERN_ERR, "\t", DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, 32, 1,
+			       (void *)&dn->data, dlen, 0);
+		break;
+	}
+	case UBIFS_TRUN_NODE:
+	{
+		const struct ubifs_trun_node *trun = node;
+
+		pr_err("\tinum           %u\n", le32_to_cpu(trun->inum));
+		pr_err("\told_size       %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(trun->old_size));
+		pr_err("\tnew_size       %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(trun->new_size));
+		break;
+	}
+	case UBIFS_IDX_NODE:
+	{
+		const struct ubifs_idx_node *idx = node;
+
+		n = le16_to_cpu(idx->child_cnt);
+		pr_err("\tchild_cnt      %d\n", n);
+		pr_err("\tlevel          %d\n", (int)le16_to_cpu(idx->level));
+		pr_err("\tBranches:\n");
+
+		for (i = 0; i < n && i < c->fanout - 1; i++) {
+			const struct ubifs_branch *br;
+
+			br = ubifs_idx_branch(c, idx, i);
+			key_read(c, &br->key, &key);
+			pr_err("\t%d: LEB %d:%d len %d key %s\n",
+			       i, le32_to_cpu(br->lnum), le32_to_cpu(br->offs),
+			       le32_to_cpu(br->len),
+			       dbg_snprintf_key(c, &key, key_buf,
+						DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	case UBIFS_CS_NODE:
+		break;
+	case UBIFS_ORPH_NODE:
+	{
+		const struct ubifs_orph_node *orph = node;
+
+		pr_err("\tcommit number  %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)
+				le64_to_cpu(orph->cmt_no) & LLONG_MAX);
+		pr_err("\tlast node flag %llu\n",
+		       (unsigned long long)(le64_to_cpu(orph->cmt_no)) >> 63);
+		n = (le32_to_cpu(ch->len) - UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ) >> 3;
+		pr_err("\t%d orphan inode numbers:\n", n);
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+			pr_err("\t  ino %llu\n",
+			       (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(orph->inos[i]));
+		break;
+	}
+	default:
+		pr_err("node type %d was not recognized\n",
+		       (int)ch->node_type);
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_budget_req(const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
+{
+	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);
+	pr_err("Budgeting request: new_ino %d, dirtied_ino %d\n",
+	       req->new_ino, req->dirtied_ino);
+	pr_err("\tnew_ino_d   %d, dirtied_ino_d %d\n",
+	       req->new_ino_d, req->dirtied_ino_d);
+	pr_err("\tnew_page    %d, dirtied_page %d\n",
+	       req->new_page, req->dirtied_page);
+	pr_err("\tnew_dent    %d, mod_dent     %d\n",
+	       req->new_dent, req->mod_dent);
+	pr_err("\tidx_growth  %d\n", req->idx_growth);
+	pr_err("\tdata_growth %d dd_growth     %d\n",
+	       req->data_growth, req->dd_growth);
+	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_lstats(const struct ubifs_lp_stats *lst)
+{
+	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);
+	pr_err("(pid %d) Lprops statistics: empty_lebs %d, idx_lebs  %d\n",
+	       0, lst->empty_lebs, lst->idx_lebs);
+	pr_err("\ttaken_empty_lebs %d, total_free %lld, total_dirty %lld\n",
+	       lst->taken_empty_lebs, lst->total_free, lst->total_dirty);
+	pr_err("\ttotal_used %lld, total_dark %lld, total_dead %lld\n",
+	       lst->total_used, lst->total_dark, lst->total_dead);
+	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);
 }
 
-const char *dbg_key_str0(const struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key)
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+void ubifs_dump_budg(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct ubifs_budg_info *bi)
 {
-	/* dbg_lock must be held */
-	sprintf_key(c, key, dbg_key_buf0);
-	return dbg_key_buf0;
+	int i;
+	struct rb_node *rb;
+	struct ubifs_bud *bud;
+	struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb *idx_gc;
+	long long available, outstanding, free;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
+	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);
+	pr_err("(pid %d) Budgeting info: data budget sum %lld, total budget sum %lld\n",
+	       0, bi->data_growth + bi->dd_growth,
+	       bi->data_growth + bi->dd_growth + bi->idx_growth);
+	pr_err("\tbudg_data_growth %lld, budg_dd_growth %lld, budg_idx_growth %lld\n",
+	       bi->data_growth, bi->dd_growth, bi->idx_growth);
+	pr_err("\tmin_idx_lebs %d, old_idx_sz %llu, uncommitted_idx %lld\n",
+	       bi->min_idx_lebs, bi->old_idx_sz, bi->uncommitted_idx);
+	pr_err("\tpage_budget %d, inode_budget %d, dent_budget %d\n",
+	       bi->page_budget, bi->inode_budget, bi->dent_budget);
+	pr_err("\tnospace %u, nospace_rp %u\n", bi->nospace, bi->nospace_rp);
+	pr_err("\tdark_wm %d, dead_wm %d, max_idx_node_sz %d\n",
+	       c->dark_wm, c->dead_wm, c->max_idx_node_sz);
+
+	if (bi != &c->bi)
+		/*
+		 * If we are dumping saved budgeting data, do not print
+		 * additional information which is about the current state, not
+		 * the old one which corresponded to the saved budgeting data.
+		 */
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	pr_err("\tfreeable_cnt %d, calc_idx_sz %lld, idx_gc_cnt %d\n",
+	       c->freeable_cnt, c->calc_idx_sz, c->idx_gc_cnt);
+	pr_err("\tdirty_pg_cnt %ld, dirty_zn_cnt %ld, clean_zn_cnt %ld\n",
+	       atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_pg_cnt),
+	       atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_zn_cnt),
+	       atomic_long_read(&c->clean_zn_cnt));
+	pr_err("\tgc_lnum %d, ihead_lnum %d\n", c->gc_lnum, c->ihead_lnum);
+
+	/* If we are in R/O mode, journal heads do not exist */
+	if (c->jheads)
+		for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++)
+			pr_err("\tjhead %s\t LEB %d\n",
+			       dbg_jhead(c->jheads[i].wbuf.jhead),
+			       c->jheads[i].wbuf.lnum);
+	for (rb = rb_first(&c->buds); rb; rb = rb_next(rb)) {
+		bud = rb_entry(rb, struct ubifs_bud, rb);
+		pr_err("\tbud LEB %d\n", bud->lnum);
+	}
+	list_for_each_entry(bud, &c->old_buds, list)
+		pr_err("\told bud LEB %d\n", bud->lnum);
+	list_for_each_entry(idx_gc, &c->idx_gc, list)
+		pr_err("\tGC'ed idx LEB %d unmap %d\n",
+		       idx_gc->lnum, idx_gc->unmap);
+	pr_err("\tcommit state %d\n", c->cmt_state);
+
+	/* Print budgeting predictions */
+	available = ubifs_calc_available(c, c->bi.min_idx_lebs);
+	outstanding = c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
+	free = ubifs_get_free_space_nolock(c);
+	pr_err("Budgeting predictions:\n");
+	pr_err("\tavailable: %lld, outstanding %lld, free %lld\n",
+	       available, outstanding, free);
+out_unlock:
+	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
 }
+#else
+void ubifs_dump_budg(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct ubifs_budg_info *bi)
+{
+}
+#endif
 
-const char *dbg_key_str1(const struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key)
+void ubifs_dump_lprop(const struct ubifs_info *c, const struct ubifs_lprops *lp)
 {
-	/* dbg_lock must be held */
-	sprintf_key(c, key, dbg_key_buf1);
-	return dbg_key_buf1;
+	int i, spc, dark = 0, dead = 0;
+	struct rb_node *rb;
+	struct ubifs_bud *bud;
+
+	spc = lp->free + lp->dirty;
+	if (spc < c->dead_wm)
+		dead = spc;
+	else
+		dark = ubifs_calc_dark(c, spc);
+
+	if (lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX)
+		pr_err("LEB %-7d free %-8d dirty %-8d used %-8d free + dirty %-8d flags %#x (",
+		       lp->lnum, lp->free, lp->dirty, c->leb_size - spc, spc,
+		       lp->flags);
+	else
+		pr_err("LEB %-7d free %-8d dirty %-8d used %-8d free + dirty %-8d dark %-4d dead %-4d nodes fit %-3d flags %#-4x (",
+		       lp->lnum, lp->free, lp->dirty, c->leb_size - spc, spc,
+		       dark, dead, (int)(spc / UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ), lp->flags);
+
+	if (lp->flags & LPROPS_TAKEN) {
+		if (lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX)
+			pr_cont("index, taken");
+		else
+			pr_cont("taken");
+	} else {
+		const char *s;
+
+		if (lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX) {
+			switch (lp->flags & LPROPS_CAT_MASK) {
+			case LPROPS_DIRTY_IDX:
+				s = "dirty index";
+				break;
+			case LPROPS_FRDI_IDX:
+				s = "freeable index";
+				break;
+			default:
+				s = "index";
+			}
+		} else {
+			switch (lp->flags & LPROPS_CAT_MASK) {
+			case LPROPS_UNCAT:
+				s = "not categorized";
+				break;
+			case LPROPS_DIRTY:
+				s = "dirty";
+				break;
+			case LPROPS_FREE:
+				s = "free";
+				break;
+			case LPROPS_EMPTY:
+				s = "empty";
+				break;
+			case LPROPS_FREEABLE:
+				s = "freeable";
+				break;
+			default:
+				s = NULL;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		pr_cont("%s", s);
+	}
+
+	for (rb = rb_first((struct rb_root *)&c->buds); rb; rb = rb_next(rb)) {
+		bud = rb_entry(rb, struct ubifs_bud, rb);
+		if (bud->lnum == lp->lnum) {
+			int head = 0;
+			for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
+				/*
+				 * Note, if we are in R/O mode or in the middle
+				 * of mounting/re-mounting, the write-buffers do
+				 * not exist.
+				 */
+				if (c->jheads &&
+				    lp->lnum == c->jheads[i].wbuf.lnum) {
+					pr_cont(", jhead %s", dbg_jhead(i));
+					head = 1;
+				}
+			}
+			if (!head)
+				pr_cont(", bud of jhead %s",
+				       dbg_jhead(bud->jhead));
+		}
+	}
+	if (lp->lnum == c->gc_lnum)
+		pr_cont(", GC LEB");
+	pr_cont(")\n");
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int lnum, err;
+	struct ubifs_lprops lp;
+	struct ubifs_lp_stats lst;
+
+	pr_err("(pid %d) start dumping LEB properties\n", 0);
+	ubifs_get_lp_stats(c, &lst);
+	ubifs_dump_lstats(&lst);
+
+	for (lnum = c->main_first; lnum < c->leb_cnt; lnum++) {
+		err = ubifs_read_one_lp(c, lnum, &lp);
+		if (err) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "cannot read lprops for LEB %d", lnum);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		ubifs_dump_lprop(c, &lp);
+	}
+	pr_err("(pid %d) finish dumping LEB properties\n", 0);
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_lpt_info(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);
+	pr_err("(pid %d) dumping LPT information\n", 0);
+	pr_err("\tlpt_sz:        %lld\n", c->lpt_sz);
+	pr_err("\tpnode_sz:      %d\n", c->pnode_sz);
+	pr_err("\tnnode_sz:      %d\n", c->nnode_sz);
+	pr_err("\tltab_sz:       %d\n", c->ltab_sz);
+	pr_err("\tlsave_sz:      %d\n", c->lsave_sz);
+	pr_err("\tbig_lpt:       %d\n", c->big_lpt);
+	pr_err("\tlpt_hght:      %d\n", c->lpt_hght);
+	pr_err("\tpnode_cnt:     %d\n", c->pnode_cnt);
+	pr_err("\tnnode_cnt:     %d\n", c->nnode_cnt);
+	pr_err("\tdirty_pn_cnt:  %d\n", c->dirty_pn_cnt);
+	pr_err("\tdirty_nn_cnt:  %d\n", c->dirty_nn_cnt);
+	pr_err("\tlsave_cnt:     %d\n", c->lsave_cnt);
+	pr_err("\tspace_bits:    %d\n", c->space_bits);
+	pr_err("\tlpt_lnum_bits: %d\n", c->lpt_lnum_bits);
+	pr_err("\tlpt_offs_bits: %d\n", c->lpt_offs_bits);
+	pr_err("\tlpt_spc_bits:  %d\n", c->lpt_spc_bits);
+	pr_err("\tpcnt_bits:     %d\n", c->pcnt_bits);
+	pr_err("\tlnum_bits:     %d\n", c->lnum_bits);
+	pr_err("\tLPT root is at %d:%d\n", c->lpt_lnum, c->lpt_offs);
+	pr_err("\tLPT head is at %d:%d\n",
+	       c->nhead_lnum, c->nhead_offs);
+	pr_err("\tLPT ltab is at %d:%d\n", c->ltab_lnum, c->ltab_offs);
+	if (c->big_lpt)
+		pr_err("\tLPT lsave is at %d:%d\n",
+		       c->lsave_lnum, c->lsave_offs);
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++)
+		pr_err("\tLPT LEB %d free %d dirty %d tgc %d cmt %d\n",
+		       i + c->lpt_first, c->ltab[i].free, c->ltab[i].dirty,
+		       c->ltab[i].tgc, c->ltab[i].cmt);
+	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_sleb(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+		     const struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb, int offs)
+{
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
+
+	pr_err("(pid %d) start dumping scanned data from LEB %d:%d\n",
+	       0, sleb->lnum, offs);
+
+	list_for_each_entry(snod, &sleb->nodes, list) {
+		cond_resched();
+		pr_err("Dumping node at LEB %d:%d len %d\n",
+		       sleb->lnum, snod->offs, snod->len);
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, snod->node);
+	}
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_leb(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
+	void *buf;
+
+	pr_err("(pid %d) start dumping LEB %d\n", 0, lnum);
+
+	buf = __vmalloc(c->leb_size, GFP_NOFS, PAGE_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot allocate memory for dumping LEB %d", lnum);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, buf, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(sleb)) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "scan error %d", (int)PTR_ERR(sleb));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	pr_err("LEB %d has %d nodes ending at %d\n", lnum,
+	       sleb->nodes_cnt, sleb->endpt);
+
+	list_for_each_entry(snod, &sleb->nodes, list) {
+		cond_resched();
+		pr_err("Dumping node at LEB %d:%d len %d\n", lnum,
+		       snod->offs, snod->len);
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, snod->node);
+	}
+
+	pr_err("(pid %d) finish dumping LEB %d\n", 0, lnum);
+	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
+
+out:
+	vfree(buf);
+	return;
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_znode(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+		      const struct ubifs_znode *znode)
+{
+	int n;
+	const struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr;
+	char key_buf[DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN];
+
+	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);
+	if (znode->parent)
+		zbr = &znode->parent->zbranch[znode->iip];
+	else
+		zbr = &c->zroot;
+
+	pr_err("znode %p, LEB %d:%d len %d parent %p iip %d level %d child_cnt %d flags %lx\n",
+	       znode, zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, zbr->len, znode->parent, znode->iip,
+	       znode->level, znode->child_cnt, znode->flags);
+
+	if (znode->child_cnt <= 0 || znode->child_cnt > c->fanout) {
+		spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	pr_err("zbranches:\n");
+	for (n = 0; n < znode->child_cnt; n++) {
+		zbr = &znode->zbranch[n];
+		if (znode->level > 0)
+			pr_err("\t%d: znode %p LEB %d:%d len %d key %s\n",
+			       n, zbr->znode, zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, zbr->len,
+			       dbg_snprintf_key(c, &zbr->key, key_buf,
+						DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+		else
+			pr_err("\t%d: LNC %p LEB %d:%d len %d key %s\n",
+			       n, zbr->znode, zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, zbr->len,
+			       dbg_snprintf_key(c, &zbr->key, key_buf,
+						DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_heap(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap, int cat)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	pr_err("(pid %d) start dumping heap cat %d (%d elements)\n",
+	       0, cat, heap->cnt);
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++) {
+		struct ubifs_lprops *lprops = heap->arr[i];
+
+		pr_err("\t%d. LEB %d hpos %d free %d dirty %d flags %d\n",
+		       i, lprops->lnum, lprops->hpos, lprops->free,
+		       lprops->dirty, lprops->flags);
+	}
+	pr_err("(pid %d) finish dumping heap\n", 0);
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_pnode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_pnode *pnode,
+		      struct ubifs_nnode *parent, int iip)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	pr_err("(pid %d) dumping pnode:\n", 0);
+	pr_err("\taddress %zx parent %zx cnext %zx\n",
+	       (size_t)pnode, (size_t)parent, (size_t)pnode->cnext);
+	pr_err("\tflags %lu iip %d level %d num %d\n",
+	       pnode->flags, iip, pnode->level, pnode->num);
+	for (i = 0; i < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; i++) {
+		struct ubifs_lprops *lp = &pnode->lprops[i];
+
+		pr_err("\t%d: free %d dirty %d flags %d lnum %d\n",
+		       i, lp->free, lp->dirty, lp->flags, lp->lnum);
+	}
+}
+
+void ubifs_dump_tnc(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
+	int level;
+
+	pr_err("\n");
+	pr_err("(pid %d) start dumping TNC tree\n", 0);
+	znode = ubifs_tnc_levelorder_next(c->zroot.znode, NULL);
+	level = znode->level;
+	pr_err("== Level %d ==\n", level);
+	while (znode) {
+		if (level != znode->level) {
+			level = znode->level;
+			pr_err("== Level %d ==\n", level);
+		}
+		ubifs_dump_znode(c, znode);
+		znode = ubifs_tnc_levelorder_next(c->zroot.znode, znode);
+	}
+	pr_err("(pid %d) finish dumping TNC tree\n", 0);
+}
+
+static int dump_znode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_znode *znode,
+		      void *priv)
+{
+	ubifs_dump_znode(c, znode);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /**
- * ubifs_debugging_init - initialize UBIFS debugging.
+ * ubifs_dump_index - dump the on-flash index.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
- * This function initializes debugging-related data for the file system.
+ * This function dumps whole UBIFS indexing B-tree, unlike 'ubifs_dump_tnc()'
+ * which dumps only in-memory znodes and does not read znodes which from flash.
+ */
+void ubifs_dump_index(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	dbg_walk_index(c, NULL, dump_znode, NULL);
+}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * dbg_save_space_info - save information about flash space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function saves information about UBIFS free space, dirty space, etc, in
+ * order to check it later.
+ */
+void dbg_save_space_info(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_debug_info *d = c->dbg;
+	int freeable_cnt;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
+	memcpy(&d->saved_lst, &c->lst, sizeof(struct ubifs_lp_stats));
+	memcpy(&d->saved_bi, &c->bi, sizeof(struct ubifs_budg_info));
+	d->saved_idx_gc_cnt = c->idx_gc_cnt;
+
+	/*
+	 * We use a dirty hack here and zero out @c->freeable_cnt, because it
+	 * affects the free space calculations, and UBIFS might not know about
+	 * all freeable eraseblocks. Indeed, we know about freeable eraseblocks
+	 * only when we read their lprops, and we do this only lazily, upon the
+	 * need. So at any given point of time @c->freeable_cnt might be not
+	 * exactly accurate.
+	 *
+	 * Just one example about the issue we hit when we did not zero
+	 * @c->freeable_cnt.
+	 * 1. The file-system is mounted R/O, c->freeable_cnt is %0. We save the
+	 *    amount of free space in @d->saved_free
+	 * 2. We re-mount R/W, which makes UBIFS to read the "lsave"
+	 *    information from flash, where we cache LEBs from various
+	 *    categories ('ubifs_remount_fs()' -> 'ubifs_lpt_init()'
+	 *    -> 'lpt_init_wr()' -> 'read_lsave()' -> 'ubifs_lpt_lookup()'
+	 *    -> 'ubifs_get_pnode()' -> 'update_cats()'
+	 *    -> 'ubifs_add_to_cat()').
+	 * 3. Lsave contains a freeable eraseblock, and @c->freeable_cnt
+	 *    becomes %1.
+	 * 4. We calculate the amount of free space when the re-mount is
+	 *    finished in 'dbg_check_space_info()' and it does not match
+	 *    @d->saved_free.
+	 */
+	freeable_cnt = c->freeable_cnt;
+	c->freeable_cnt = 0;
+	d->saved_free = ubifs_get_free_space_nolock(c);
+	c->freeable_cnt = freeable_cnt;
+	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_space_info - check flash space information.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function compares current flash space information with the information
+ * which was saved when the 'dbg_save_space_info()' function was called.
+ * Returns zero if the information has not changed, and %-EINVAL it it has
+ * changed.
+ */
+int dbg_check_space_info(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_debug_info *d = c->dbg;
+	struct ubifs_lp_stats lst;
+	long long free;
+	int freeable_cnt;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
+	freeable_cnt = c->freeable_cnt;
+	c->freeable_cnt = 0;
+	free = ubifs_get_free_space_nolock(c);
+	c->freeable_cnt = freeable_cnt;
+	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+
+	if (free != d->saved_free) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "free space changed from %lld to %lld",
+			  d->saved_free, free);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	ubifs_msg(c, "saved lprops statistics dump");
+	ubifs_dump_lstats(&d->saved_lst);
+	ubifs_msg(c, "saved budgeting info dump");
+	ubifs_dump_budg(c, &d->saved_bi);
+	ubifs_msg(c, "saved idx_gc_cnt %d", d->saved_idx_gc_cnt);
+	ubifs_msg(c, "current lprops statistics dump");
+	ubifs_get_lp_stats(c, &lst);
+	ubifs_dump_lstats(&lst);
+	ubifs_msg(c, "current budgeting info dump");
+	ubifs_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
+	dump_stack();
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_synced_i_size - check synchronized inode size.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @inode: inode to check
+ *
+ * If inode is clean, synchronized inode size has to be equivalent to current
+ * inode size. This function has to be called only for locked inodes (@i_mutex
+ * has to be locked). Returns %0 if synchronized inode size if correct, and
+ * %-EINVAL if not.
+ */
+int dbg_check_synced_i_size(const struct ubifs_info *c, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_gen(c))
+		return 0;
+	if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
+		return 0;
+
+	mutex_lock(&ui->ui_mutex);
+	spin_lock(&ui->ui_lock);
+	if (ui->ui_size != ui->synced_i_size && !ui->dirty) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "ui_size is %lld, synced_i_size is %lld, but inode is clean",
+			  ui->ui_size, ui->synced_i_size);
+		ubifs_err(c, "i_ino %lu, i_mode %#x, i_size %lld", inode->i_ino,
+			  inode->i_mode, i_size_read(inode));
+		dump_stack();
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&ui->ui_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&ui->ui_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * dbg_check_dir - check directory inode size and link count.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @dir: the directory to calculate size for
+ * @size: the result is returned here
+ *
+ * This function makes sure that directory size and link count are correct.
  * Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
  * failure.
+ *
+ * Note, it is good idea to make sure the @dir->i_mutex is locked before
+ * calling this function.
+ */
+int dbg_check_dir(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *dir)
+{
+	unsigned int nlink = 2;
+	union ubifs_key key;
+	struct ubifs_dent_node *dent, *pdent = NULL;
+	struct qstr nm = { .name = NULL };
+	loff_t size = UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_gen(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!S_ISDIR(dir->i_mode))
+		return 0;
+
+	lowest_dent_key(c, &key, dir->i_ino);
+	while (1) {
+		int err;
+
+		dent = ubifs_tnc_next_ent(c, &key, &nm);
+		if (IS_ERR(dent)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(dent);
+			if (err == -ENOENT)
+				break;
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		nm.name = dent->name;
+		nm.len = le16_to_cpu(dent->nlen);
+		size += CALC_DENT_SIZE(nm.len);
+		if (dent->type == UBIFS_ITYPE_DIR)
+			nlink += 1;
+		kfree(pdent);
+		pdent = dent;
+		key_read(c, &dent->key, &key);
+	}
+	kfree(pdent);
+
+	if (i_size_read(dir) != size) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "directory inode %lu has size %llu, but calculated size is %llu",
+			  dir->i_ino, (unsigned long long)i_size_read(dir),
+			  (unsigned long long)size);
+		ubifs_dump_inode(c, dir);
+		dump_stack();
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	if (dir->i_nlink != nlink) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "directory inode %lu has nlink %u, but calculated nlink is %u",
+			  dir->i_ino, dir->i_nlink, nlink);
+		ubifs_dump_inode(c, dir);
+		dump_stack();
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_key_order - make sure that colliding keys are properly ordered.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @zbr1: first zbranch
+ * @zbr2: following zbranch
+ *
+ * In UBIFS indexing B-tree colliding keys has to be sorted in binary order of
+ * names of the direntries/xentries which are referred by the keys. This
+ * function reads direntries/xentries referred by @zbr1 and @zbr2 and makes
+ * sure the name of direntry/xentry referred by @zbr1 is less than
+ * direntry/xentry referred by @zbr2. Returns zero if this is true, %1 if not,
+ * and a negative error code in case of failure.
  */
+static int dbg_check_key_order(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr1,
+			       struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr2)
+{
+	int err, nlen1, nlen2, cmp;
+	struct ubifs_dent_node *dent1, *dent2;
+	union ubifs_key key;
+	char key_buf[DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN];
+
+	ubifs_assert(!keys_cmp(c, &zbr1->key, &zbr2->key));
+	dent1 = kmalloc(UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!dent1)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	dent2 = kmalloc(UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!dent2) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+
+	err = ubifs_tnc_read_node(c, zbr1, dent1);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_free;
+	err = ubifs_validate_entry(c, dent1);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_free;
+
+	err = ubifs_tnc_read_node(c, zbr2, dent2);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_free;
+	err = ubifs_validate_entry(c, dent2);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_free;
+
+	/* Make sure node keys are the same as in zbranch */
+	err = 1;
+	key_read(c, &dent1->key, &key);
+	if (keys_cmp(c, &zbr1->key, &key)) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "1st entry at %d:%d has key %s", zbr1->lnum,
+			  zbr1->offs, dbg_snprintf_key(c, &key, key_buf,
+						       DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+		ubifs_err(c, "but it should have key %s according to tnc",
+			  dbg_snprintf_key(c, &zbr1->key, key_buf,
+					   DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, dent1);
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+
+	key_read(c, &dent2->key, &key);
+	if (keys_cmp(c, &zbr2->key, &key)) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "2nd entry at %d:%d has key %s", zbr1->lnum,
+			  zbr1->offs, dbg_snprintf_key(c, &key, key_buf,
+						       DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+		ubifs_err(c, "but it should have key %s according to tnc",
+			  dbg_snprintf_key(c, &zbr2->key, key_buf,
+					   DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, dent2);
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+
+	nlen1 = le16_to_cpu(dent1->nlen);
+	nlen2 = le16_to_cpu(dent2->nlen);
+
+	cmp = memcmp(dent1->name, dent2->name, min_t(int, nlen1, nlen2));
+	if (cmp < 0 || (cmp == 0 && nlen1 < nlen2)) {
+		err = 0;
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+	if (cmp == 0 && nlen1 == nlen2)
+		ubifs_err(c, "2 xent/dent nodes with the same name");
+	else
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad order of colliding key %s",
+			  dbg_snprintf_key(c, &key, key_buf, DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));
+
+	ubifs_msg(c, "first node at %d:%d\n", zbr1->lnum, zbr1->offs);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, dent1);
+	ubifs_msg(c, "second node at %d:%d\n", zbr2->lnum, zbr2->offs);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, dent2);
+
+out_free:
+	kfree(dent2);
+	kfree(dent1);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_znode - check if znode is all right.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @zbr: zbranch which points to this znode
+ *
+ * This function makes sure that znode referred to by @zbr is all right.
+ * Returns zero if it is, and %-EINVAL if it is not.
+ */
+static int dbg_check_znode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr)
+{
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode = zbr->znode;
+	struct ubifs_znode *zp = znode->parent;
+	int n, err, cmp;
+
+	if (znode->child_cnt <= 0 || znode->child_cnt > c->fanout) {
+		err = 1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (znode->level < 0) {
+		err = 2;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (znode->iip < 0 || znode->iip >= c->fanout) {
+		err = 3;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (zbr->len == 0)
+		/* Only dirty zbranch may have no on-flash nodes */
+		if (!ubifs_zn_dirty(znode)) {
+			err = 4;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+	if (ubifs_zn_dirty(znode)) {
+		/*
+		 * If znode is dirty, its parent has to be dirty as well. The
+		 * order of the operation is important, so we have to have
+		 * memory barriers.
+		 */
+		smp_mb();
+		if (zp && !ubifs_zn_dirty(zp)) {
+			/*
+			 * The dirty flag is atomic and is cleared outside the
+			 * TNC mutex, so znode's dirty flag may now have
+			 * been cleared. The child is always cleared before the
+			 * parent, so we just need to check again.
+			 */
+			smp_mb();
+			if (ubifs_zn_dirty(znode)) {
+				err = 5;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (zp) {
+		const union ubifs_key *min, *max;
+
+		if (znode->level != zp->level - 1) {
+			err = 6;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Make sure the 'parent' pointer in our znode is correct */
+		err = ubifs_search_zbranch(c, zp, &zbr->key, &n);
+		if (!err) {
+			/* This zbranch does not exist in the parent */
+			err = 7;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (znode->iip >= zp->child_cnt) {
+			err = 8;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (znode->iip != n) {
+			/* This may happen only in case of collisions */
+			if (keys_cmp(c, &zp->zbranch[n].key,
+				     &zp->zbranch[znode->iip].key)) {
+				err = 9;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			n = znode->iip;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Make sure that the first key in our znode is greater than or
+		 * equal to the key in the pointing zbranch.
+		 */
+		min = &zbr->key;
+		cmp = keys_cmp(c, min, &znode->zbranch[0].key);
+		if (cmp == 1) {
+			err = 10;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (n + 1 < zp->child_cnt) {
+			max = &zp->zbranch[n + 1].key;
+
+			/*
+			 * Make sure the last key in our znode is less or
+			 * equivalent than the key in the zbranch which goes
+			 * after our pointing zbranch.
+			 */
+			cmp = keys_cmp(c, max,
+				&znode->zbranch[znode->child_cnt - 1].key);
+			if (cmp == -1) {
+				err = 11;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* This may only be root znode */
+		if (zbr != &c->zroot) {
+			err = 12;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure that next key is greater or equivalent then the previous
+	 * one.
+	 */
+	for (n = 1; n < znode->child_cnt; n++) {
+		cmp = keys_cmp(c, &znode->zbranch[n - 1].key,
+			       &znode->zbranch[n].key);
+		if (cmp > 0) {
+			err = 13;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (cmp == 0) {
+			/* This can only be keys with colliding hash */
+			if (!is_hash_key(c, &znode->zbranch[n].key)) {
+				err = 14;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			if (znode->level != 0 || c->replaying)
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * Colliding keys should follow binary order of
+			 * corresponding xentry/dentry names.
+			 */
+			err = dbg_check_key_order(c, &znode->zbranch[n - 1],
+						  &znode->zbranch[n]);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+			if (err) {
+				err = 15;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (n = 0; n < znode->child_cnt; n++) {
+		if (!znode->zbranch[n].znode &&
+		    (znode->zbranch[n].lnum == 0 ||
+		     znode->zbranch[n].len == 0)) {
+			err = 16;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (znode->zbranch[n].lnum != 0 &&
+		    znode->zbranch[n].len == 0) {
+			err = 17;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (znode->zbranch[n].lnum == 0 &&
+		    znode->zbranch[n].len != 0) {
+			err = 18;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (znode->zbranch[n].lnum == 0 &&
+		    znode->zbranch[n].offs != 0) {
+			err = 19;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (znode->level != 0 && znode->zbranch[n].znode)
+			if (znode->zbranch[n].znode->parent != znode) {
+				err = 20;
+				goto out;
+			}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	ubifs_err(c, "failed, error %d", err);
+	ubifs_msg(c, "dump of the znode");
+	ubifs_dump_znode(c, znode);
+	if (zp) {
+		ubifs_msg(c, "dump of the parent znode");
+		ubifs_dump_znode(c, zp);
+	}
+	dump_stack();
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+#else
+
+int dbg_check_dir(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *dir)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void dbg_debugfs_exit_fs(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return;
+}
+
 int ubifs_debugging_init(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
-	c->dbg = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_debug_info), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!c->dbg)
+	return 0;
+}
+void ubifs_debugging_exit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+}
+int dbg_check_filesystem(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+int dbg_debugfs_init_fs(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * dbg_check_tnc - check TNC tree.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @extra: do extra checks that are possible at start commit
+ *
+ * This function traverses whole TNC tree and checks every znode. Returns zero
+ * if everything is all right and %-EINVAL if something is wrong with TNC.
+ */
+int dbg_check_tnc(struct ubifs_info *c, int extra)
+{
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
+	long clean_cnt = 0, dirty_cnt = 0;
+	int err, last;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_index(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	ubifs_assert(mutex_is_locked(&c->tnc_mutex));
+	if (!c->zroot.znode)
+		return 0;
+
+	znode = ubifs_tnc_postorder_first(c->zroot.znode);
+	while (1) {
+		struct ubifs_znode *prev;
+		struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr;
+
+		if (!znode->parent)
+			zbr = &c->zroot;
+		else
+			zbr = &znode->parent->zbranch[znode->iip];
+
+		err = dbg_check_znode(c, zbr);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		if (extra) {
+			if (ubifs_zn_dirty(znode))
+				dirty_cnt += 1;
+			else
+				clean_cnt += 1;
+		}
+
+		prev = znode;
+		znode = ubifs_tnc_postorder_next(znode);
+		if (!znode)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the last key of this znode is equivalent to the first key
+		 * of the next znode (collision), then check order of the keys.
+		 */
+		last = prev->child_cnt - 1;
+		if (prev->level == 0 && znode->level == 0 && !c->replaying &&
+		    !keys_cmp(c, &prev->zbranch[last].key,
+			      &znode->zbranch[0].key)) {
+			err = dbg_check_key_order(c, &prev->zbranch[last],
+						  &znode->zbranch[0]);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+			if (err) {
+				ubifs_msg(c, "first znode");
+				ubifs_dump_znode(c, prev);
+				ubifs_msg(c, "second znode");
+				ubifs_dump_znode(c, znode);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (extra) {
+		if (clean_cnt != atomic_long_read(&c->clean_zn_cnt)) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "incorrect clean_zn_cnt %ld, calculated %ld",
+				  atomic_long_read(&c->clean_zn_cnt),
+				  clean_cnt);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (dirty_cnt != atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_zn_cnt)) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "incorrect dirty_zn_cnt %ld, calculated %ld",
+				  atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_zn_cnt),
+				  dirty_cnt);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#else
+int dbg_check_tnc(struct ubifs_info *c, int extra)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * dbg_walk_index - walk the on-flash index.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @leaf_cb: called for each leaf node
+ * @znode_cb: called for each indexing node
+ * @priv: private data which is passed to callbacks
+ *
+ * This function walks the UBIFS index and calls the @leaf_cb for each leaf
+ * node and @znode_cb for each indexing node. Returns zero in case of success
+ * and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ *
+ * It would be better if this function removed every znode it pulled to into
+ * the TNC, so that the behavior more closely matched the non-debugging
+ * behavior.
+ */
+int dbg_walk_index(struct ubifs_info *c, dbg_leaf_callback leaf_cb,
+		   dbg_znode_callback znode_cb, void *priv)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr;
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode, *child;
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+	/* If the root indexing node is not in TNC - pull it */
+	if (!c->zroot.znode) {
+		c->zroot.znode = ubifs_load_znode(c, &c->zroot, NULL, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(c->zroot.znode)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(c->zroot.znode);
+			c->zroot.znode = NULL;
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We are going to traverse the indexing tree in the postorder manner.
+	 * Go down and find the leftmost indexing node where we are going to
+	 * start from.
+	 */
+	znode = c->zroot.znode;
+	while (znode->level > 0) {
+		zbr = &znode->zbranch[0];
+		child = zbr->znode;
+		if (!child) {
+			child = ubifs_load_znode(c, zbr, znode, 0);
+			if (IS_ERR(child)) {
+				err = PTR_ERR(child);
+				goto out_unlock;
+			}
+			zbr->znode = child;
+		}
+
+		znode = child;
+	}
+
+	/* Iterate over all indexing nodes */
+	while (1) {
+		int idx;
+
+		cond_resched();
+
+		if (znode_cb) {
+			err = znode_cb(c, znode, priv);
+			if (err) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "znode checking function returned error %d",
+					  err);
+				ubifs_dump_znode(c, znode);
+				goto out_dump;
+			}
+		}
+		if (leaf_cb && znode->level == 0) {
+			for (idx = 0; idx < znode->child_cnt; idx++) {
+				zbr = &znode->zbranch[idx];
+				err = leaf_cb(c, zbr, priv);
+				if (err) {
+					ubifs_err(c, "leaf checking function returned error %d, for leaf at LEB %d:%d",
+						  err, zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
+					goto out_dump;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!znode->parent)
+			break;
+
+		idx = znode->iip + 1;
+		znode = znode->parent;
+		if (idx < znode->child_cnt) {
+			/* Switch to the next index in the parent */
+			zbr = &znode->zbranch[idx];
+			child = zbr->znode;
+			if (!child) {
+				child = ubifs_load_znode(c, zbr, znode, idx);
+				if (IS_ERR(child)) {
+					err = PTR_ERR(child);
+					goto out_unlock;
+				}
+				zbr->znode = child;
+			}
+			znode = child;
+		} else
+			/*
+			 * This is the last child, switch to the parent and
+			 * continue.
+			 */
+			continue;
+
+		/* Go to the lowest leftmost znode in the new sub-tree */
+		while (znode->level > 0) {
+			zbr = &znode->zbranch[0];
+			child = zbr->znode;
+			if (!child) {
+				child = ubifs_load_znode(c, zbr, znode, 0);
+				if (IS_ERR(child)) {
+					err = PTR_ERR(child);
+					goto out_unlock;
+				}
+				zbr->znode = child;
+			}
+			znode = child;
+		}
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+	return 0;
+
+out_dump:
+	if (znode->parent)
+		zbr = &znode->parent->zbranch[znode->iip];
+	else
+		zbr = &c->zroot;
+	ubifs_msg(c, "dump of znode at LEB %d:%d", zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
+	ubifs_dump_znode(c, znode);
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * add_size - add znode size to partially calculated index size.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @znode: znode to add size for
+ * @priv: partially calculated index size
+ *
+ * This is a helper function for 'dbg_check_idx_size()' which is called for
+ * every indexing node and adds its size to the 'long long' variable pointed to
+ * by @priv.
+ */
+static int add_size(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_znode *znode, void *priv)
+{
+	long long *idx_size = priv;
+	int add;
+
+	add = ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, znode->child_cnt);
+	add = ALIGN(add, 8);
+	*idx_size += add;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_idx_size - check index size.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @idx_size: size to check
+ *
+ * This function walks the UBIFS index, calculates its size and checks that the
+ * size is equivalent to @idx_size. Returns zero in case of success and a
+ * negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+int dbg_check_idx_size(struct ubifs_info *c, long long idx_size)
+{
+	int err;
+	long long calc = 0;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_index(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	err = dbg_walk_index(c, NULL, add_size, &calc);
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "error %d while walking the index", err);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (calc != idx_size) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "index size check failed: calculated size is %lld, should be %lld",
+			  calc, idx_size);
+		dump_stack();
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * struct fsck_inode - information about an inode used when checking the file-system.
+ * @rb: link in the RB-tree of inodes
+ * @inum: inode number
+ * @mode: inode type, permissions, etc
+ * @nlink: inode link count
+ * @xattr_cnt: count of extended attributes
+ * @references: how many directory/xattr entries refer this inode (calculated
+ *              while walking the index)
+ * @calc_cnt: for directory inode count of child directories
+ * @size: inode size (read from on-flash inode)
+ * @xattr_sz: summary size of all extended attributes (read from on-flash
+ *            inode)
+ * @calc_sz: for directories calculated directory size
+ * @calc_xcnt: count of extended attributes
+ * @calc_xsz: calculated summary size of all extended attributes
+ * @xattr_nms: sum of lengths of all extended attribute names belonging to this
+ *             inode (read from on-flash inode)
+ * @calc_xnms: calculated sum of lengths of all extended attribute names
+ */
+struct fsck_inode {
+	struct rb_node rb;
+	ino_t inum;
+	umode_t mode;
+	unsigned int nlink;
+	unsigned int xattr_cnt;
+	int references;
+	int calc_cnt;
+	long long size;
+	unsigned int xattr_sz;
+	long long calc_sz;
+	long long calc_xcnt;
+	long long calc_xsz;
+	unsigned int xattr_nms;
+	long long calc_xnms;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct fsck_data - private FS checking information.
+ * @inodes: RB-tree of all inodes (contains @struct fsck_inode objects)
+ */
+struct fsck_data {
+	struct rb_root inodes;
+};
+
+/**
+ * add_inode - add inode information to RB-tree of inodes.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @fsckd: FS checking information
+ * @ino: raw UBIFS inode to add
+ *
+ * This is a helper function for 'check_leaf()' which adds information about
+ * inode @ino to the RB-tree of inodes. Returns inode information pointer in
+ * case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+static struct fsck_inode *add_inode(struct ubifs_info *c,
+				    struct fsck_data *fsckd,
+				    struct ubifs_ino_node *ino)
+{
+	struct rb_node **p, *parent = NULL;
+	struct fsck_inode *fscki;
+	ino_t inum = key_inum_flash(c, &ino->key);
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct ubifs_inode *ui;
+
+	p = &fsckd->inodes.rb_node;
+	while (*p) {
+		parent = *p;
+		fscki = rb_entry(parent, struct fsck_inode, rb);
+		if (inum < fscki->inum)
+			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
+		else if (inum > fscki->inum)
+			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
+		else
+			return fscki;
+	}
+
+	if (inum > c->highest_inum) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "too high inode number, max. is %lu",
+			  (unsigned long)c->highest_inum);
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	}
+
+	fscki = kzalloc(sizeof(struct fsck_inode), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!fscki)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	inode = ilookup(c->vfs_sb, inum);
+
+	fscki->inum = inum;
+	/*
+	 * If the inode is present in the VFS inode cache, use it instead of
+	 * the on-flash inode which might be out-of-date. E.g., the size might
+	 * be out-of-date. If we do not do this, the following may happen, for
+	 * example:
+	 *   1. A power cut happens
+	 *   2. We mount the file-system R/O, the replay process fixes up the
+	 *      inode size in the VFS cache, but on on-flash.
+	 *   3. 'check_leaf()' fails because it hits a data node beyond inode
+	 *      size.
+	 */
+	if (!inode) {
+		fscki->nlink = le32_to_cpu(ino->nlink);
+		fscki->size = le64_to_cpu(ino->size);
+		fscki->xattr_cnt = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_cnt);
+		fscki->xattr_sz = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_size);
+		fscki->xattr_nms = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_names);
+		fscki->mode = le32_to_cpu(ino->mode);
+	} else {
+		ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+		fscki->nlink = inode->i_nlink;
+		fscki->size = inode->i_size;
+		fscki->xattr_cnt = ui->xattr_cnt;
+		fscki->xattr_sz = ui->xattr_size;
+		fscki->xattr_nms = ui->xattr_names;
+		fscki->mode = inode->i_mode;
+		iput(inode);
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(fscki->mode)) {
+		fscki->calc_sz = UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
+		fscki->calc_cnt = 2;
+	}
+
+	rb_link_node(&fscki->rb, parent, p);
+	rb_insert_color(&fscki->rb, &fsckd->inodes);
+
+	return fscki;
+}
+
+/**
+ * search_inode - search inode in the RB-tree of inodes.
+ * @fsckd: FS checking information
+ * @inum: inode number to search
+ *
+ * This is a helper function for 'check_leaf()' which searches inode @inum in
+ * the RB-tree of inodes and returns an inode information pointer or %NULL if
+ * the inode was not found.
+ */
+static struct fsck_inode *search_inode(struct fsck_data *fsckd, ino_t inum)
+{
+	struct rb_node *p;
+	struct fsck_inode *fscki;
+
+	p = fsckd->inodes.rb_node;
+	while (p) {
+		fscki = rb_entry(p, struct fsck_inode, rb);
+		if (inum < fscki->inum)
+			p = p->rb_left;
+		else if (inum > fscki->inum)
+			p = p->rb_right;
+		else
+			return fscki;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * read_add_inode - read inode node and add it to RB-tree of inodes.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @fsckd: FS checking information
+ * @inum: inode number to read
+ *
+ * This is a helper function for 'check_leaf()' which finds inode node @inum in
+ * the index, reads it, and adds it to the RB-tree of inodes. Returns inode
+ * information pointer in case of success and a negative error code in case of
+ * failure.
+ */
+static struct fsck_inode *read_add_inode(struct ubifs_info *c,
+					 struct fsck_data *fsckd, ino_t inum)
+{
+	int n, err;
+	union ubifs_key key;
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
+	struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr;
+	struct ubifs_ino_node *ino;
+	struct fsck_inode *fscki;
+
+	fscki = search_inode(fsckd, inum);
+	if (fscki)
+		return fscki;
+
+	ino_key_init(c, &key, inum);
+	err = ubifs_lookup_level0(c, &key, &znode, &n);
+	if (!err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "inode %lu not found in index", (unsigned long)inum);
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+	} else if (err < 0) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "error %d while looking up inode %lu",
+			  err, (unsigned long)inum);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+
+	zbr = &znode->zbranch[n];
+	if (zbr->len < UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad node %lu node length %d",
+			  (unsigned long)inum, zbr->len);
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	}
+
+	ino = kmalloc(zbr->len, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!ino)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	err = ubifs_tnc_read_node(c, zbr, ino);
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot read inode node at LEB %d:%d, error %d",
+			  zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, err);
+		kfree(ino);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+
+	fscki = add_inode(c, fsckd, ino);
+	kfree(ino);
+	if (IS_ERR(fscki)) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "error %ld while adding inode %lu node",
+			  PTR_ERR(fscki), (unsigned long)inum);
+		return fscki;
+	}
+
+	return fscki;
+}
+
+/**
+ * check_leaf - check leaf node.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @zbr: zbranch of the leaf node to check
+ * @priv: FS checking information
+ *
+ * This is a helper function for 'dbg_check_filesystem()' which is called for
+ * every single leaf node while walking the indexing tree. It checks that the
+ * leaf node referred from the indexing tree exists, has correct CRC, and does
+ * some other basic validation. This function is also responsible for building
+ * an RB-tree of inodes - it adds all inodes into the RB-tree. It also
+ * calculates reference count, size, etc for each inode in order to later
+ * compare them to the information stored inside the inodes and detect possible
+ * inconsistencies. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code
+ * in case of failure.
+ */
+static int check_leaf(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr,
+		      void *priv)
+{
+	ino_t inum;
+	void *node;
+	struct ubifs_ch *ch;
+	int err, type = key_type(c, &zbr->key);
+	struct fsck_inode *fscki;
+
+	if (zbr->len < UBIFS_CH_SZ) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad leaf length %d (LEB %d:%d)",
+			  zbr->len, zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	node = kmalloc(zbr->len, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!node)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	c->dbg->buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
-	if (!c->dbg->buf)
+	err = ubifs_tnc_read_node(c, zbr, node);
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot read leaf node at LEB %d:%d, error %d",
+			  zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, err);
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+
+	/* If this is an inode node, add it to RB-tree of inodes */
+	if (type == UBIFS_INO_KEY) {
+		fscki = add_inode(c, priv, node);
+		if (IS_ERR(fscki)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(fscki);
+			ubifs_err(c, "error %d while adding inode node", err);
+			goto out_dump;
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (type != UBIFS_DENT_KEY && type != UBIFS_XENT_KEY &&
+	    type != UBIFS_DATA_KEY) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "unexpected node type %d at LEB %d:%d",
+			  type, zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+
+	ch = node;
+	if (le64_to_cpu(ch->sqnum) > c->max_sqnum) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "too high sequence number, max. is %llu",
+			  c->max_sqnum);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_dump;
+	}
+
+	if (type == UBIFS_DATA_KEY) {
+		long long blk_offs;
+		struct ubifs_data_node *dn = node;
+
+		ubifs_assert(zbr->len >= UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ);
+
+		/*
+		 * Search the inode node this data node belongs to and insert
+		 * it to the RB-tree of inodes.
+		 */
+		inum = key_inum_flash(c, &dn->key);
+		fscki = read_add_inode(c, priv, inum);
+		if (IS_ERR(fscki)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(fscki);
+			ubifs_err(c, "error %d while processing data node and trying to find inode node %lu",
+				  err, (unsigned long)inum);
+			goto out_dump;
+		}
+
+		/* Make sure the data node is within inode size */
+		blk_offs = key_block_flash(c, &dn->key);
+		blk_offs <<= UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+		blk_offs += le32_to_cpu(dn->size);
+		if (blk_offs > fscki->size) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "data node at LEB %d:%d is not within inode size %lld",
+				  zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, fscki->size);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out_dump;
+		}
+	} else {
+		int nlen;
+		struct ubifs_dent_node *dent = node;
+		struct fsck_inode *fscki1;
+
+		ubifs_assert(zbr->len >= UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ);
+
+		err = ubifs_validate_entry(c, dent);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_dump;
+
+		/*
+		 * Search the inode node this entry refers to and the parent
+		 * inode node and insert them to the RB-tree of inodes.
+		 */
+		inum = le64_to_cpu(dent->inum);
+		fscki = read_add_inode(c, priv, inum);
+		if (IS_ERR(fscki)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(fscki);
+			ubifs_err(c, "error %d while processing entry node and trying to find inode node %lu",
+				  err, (unsigned long)inum);
+			goto out_dump;
+		}
+
+		/* Count how many direntries or xentries refers this inode */
+		fscki->references += 1;
+
+		inum = key_inum_flash(c, &dent->key);
+		fscki1 = read_add_inode(c, priv, inum);
+		if (IS_ERR(fscki1)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(fscki1);
+			ubifs_err(c, "error %d while processing entry node and trying to find parent inode node %lu",
+				  err, (unsigned long)inum);
+			goto out_dump;
+		}
+
+		nlen = le16_to_cpu(dent->nlen);
+		if (type == UBIFS_XENT_KEY) {
+			fscki1->calc_xcnt += 1;
+			fscki1->calc_xsz += CALC_DENT_SIZE(nlen);
+			fscki1->calc_xsz += CALC_XATTR_BYTES(fscki->size);
+			fscki1->calc_xnms += nlen;
+		} else {
+			fscki1->calc_sz += CALC_DENT_SIZE(nlen);
+			if (dent->type == UBIFS_ITYPE_DIR)
+				fscki1->calc_cnt += 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	kfree(node);
+	return 0;
+
+out_dump:
+	ubifs_msg(c, "dump of node at LEB %d:%d", zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, node);
+out_free:
+	kfree(node);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * free_inodes - free RB-tree of inodes.
+ * @fsckd: FS checking information
+ */
+static void free_inodes(struct fsck_data *fsckd)
+{
+	struct fsck_inode *fscki, *n;
+
+	rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(fscki, n, &fsckd->inodes, rb)
+		kfree(fscki);
+}
+
+/**
+ * check_inodes - checks all inodes.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @fsckd: FS checking information
+ *
+ * This is a helper function for 'dbg_check_filesystem()' which walks the
+ * RB-tree of inodes after the index scan has been finished, and checks that
+ * inode nlink, size, etc are correct. Returns zero if inodes are fine,
+ * %-EINVAL if not, and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+static int check_inodes(struct ubifs_info *c, struct fsck_data *fsckd)
+{
+	int n, err;
+	union ubifs_key key;
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
+	struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr;
+	struct ubifs_ino_node *ino;
+	struct fsck_inode *fscki;
+	struct rb_node *this = rb_first(&fsckd->inodes);
+
+	while (this) {
+		fscki = rb_entry(this, struct fsck_inode, rb);
+		this = rb_next(this);
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(fscki->mode)) {
+			/*
+			 * Directories have to have exactly one reference (they
+			 * cannot have hardlinks), although root inode is an
+			 * exception.
+			 */
+			if (fscki->inum != UBIFS_ROOT_INO &&
+			    fscki->references != 1) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "directory inode %lu has %d direntries which refer it, but should be 1",
+					  (unsigned long)fscki->inum,
+					  fscki->references);
+				goto out_dump;
+			}
+			if (fscki->inum == UBIFS_ROOT_INO &&
+			    fscki->references != 0) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "root inode %lu has non-zero (%d) direntries which refer it",
+					  (unsigned long)fscki->inum,
+					  fscki->references);
+				goto out_dump;
+			}
+			if (fscki->calc_sz != fscki->size) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "directory inode %lu size is %lld, but calculated size is %lld",
+					  (unsigned long)fscki->inum,
+					  fscki->size, fscki->calc_sz);
+				goto out_dump;
+			}
+			if (fscki->calc_cnt != fscki->nlink) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "directory inode %lu nlink is %d, but calculated nlink is %d",
+					  (unsigned long)fscki->inum,
+					  fscki->nlink, fscki->calc_cnt);
+				goto out_dump;
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (fscki->references != fscki->nlink) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "inode %lu nlink is %d, but calculated nlink is %d",
+					  (unsigned long)fscki->inum,
+					  fscki->nlink, fscki->references);
+				goto out_dump;
+			}
+		}
+		if (fscki->xattr_sz != fscki->calc_xsz) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "inode %lu has xattr size %u, but calculated size is %lld",
+				  (unsigned long)fscki->inum, fscki->xattr_sz,
+				  fscki->calc_xsz);
+			goto out_dump;
+		}
+		if (fscki->xattr_cnt != fscki->calc_xcnt) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "inode %lu has %u xattrs, but calculated count is %lld",
+				  (unsigned long)fscki->inum,
+				  fscki->xattr_cnt, fscki->calc_xcnt);
+			goto out_dump;
+		}
+		if (fscki->xattr_nms != fscki->calc_xnms) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "inode %lu has xattr names' size %u, but calculated names' size is %lld",
+				  (unsigned long)fscki->inum, fscki->xattr_nms,
+				  fscki->calc_xnms);
+			goto out_dump;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_dump:
+	/* Read the bad inode and dump it */
+	ino_key_init(c, &key, fscki->inum);
+	err = ubifs_lookup_level0(c, &key, &znode, &n);
+	if (!err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "inode %lu not found in index",
+			  (unsigned long)fscki->inum);
+		return -ENOENT;
+	} else if (err < 0) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "error %d while looking up inode %lu",
+			  err, (unsigned long)fscki->inum);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	zbr = &znode->zbranch[n];
+	ino = kmalloc(zbr->len, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!ino)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	err = ubifs_tnc_read_node(c, zbr, ino);
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot read inode node at LEB %d:%d, error %d",
+			  zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, err);
+		kfree(ino);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	ubifs_msg(c, "dump of the inode %lu sitting in LEB %d:%d",
+		  (unsigned long)fscki->inum, zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, ino);
+	kfree(ino);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_filesystem - check the file-system.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function checks the file system, namely:
+ * o makes sure that all leaf nodes exist and their CRCs are correct;
+ * o makes sure inode nlink, size, xattr size/count are correct (for all
+ *   inodes).
+ *
+ * The function reads whole indexing tree and all nodes, so it is pretty
+ * heavy-weight. Returns zero if the file-system is consistent, %-EINVAL if
+ * not, and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+int dbg_check_filesystem(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct fsck_data fsckd;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_fs(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	fsckd.inodes = RB_ROOT;
+	err = dbg_walk_index(c, check_leaf, NULL, &fsckd);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_free;
+
+	err = check_inodes(c, &fsckd);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_free;
+
+	free_inodes(&fsckd);
+	return 0;
+
+out_free:
+	ubifs_err(c, "file-system check failed with error %d", err);
+	dump_stack();
+	free_inodes(&fsckd);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_data_nodes_order - check that list of data nodes is sorted.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @head: the list of nodes ('struct ubifs_scan_node' objects)
+ *
+ * This function returns zero if the list of data nodes is sorted correctly,
+ * and %-EINVAL if not.
+ */
+int dbg_check_data_nodes_order(struct ubifs_info *c, struct list_head *head)
+{
+	struct list_head *cur;
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *sa, *sb;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_gen(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	for (cur = head->next; cur->next != head; cur = cur->next) {
+		ino_t inuma, inumb;
+		uint32_t blka, blkb;
+
+		cond_resched();
+		sa = container_of(cur, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
+		sb = container_of(cur->next, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
+
+		if (sa->type != UBIFS_DATA_NODE) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad node type %d", sa->type);
+			ubifs_dump_node(c, sa->node);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (sb->type != UBIFS_DATA_NODE) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad node type %d", sb->type);
+			ubifs_dump_node(c, sb->node);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		inuma = key_inum(c, &sa->key);
+		inumb = key_inum(c, &sb->key);
+
+		if (inuma < inumb)
+			continue;
+		if (inuma > inumb) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "larger inum %lu goes before inum %lu",
+				  (unsigned long)inuma, (unsigned long)inumb);
+			goto error_dump;
+		}
+
+		blka = key_block(c, &sa->key);
+		blkb = key_block(c, &sb->key);
+
+		if (blka > blkb) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "larger block %u goes before %u", blka, blkb);
+			goto error_dump;
+		}
+		if (blka == blkb) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "two data nodes for the same block");
+			goto error_dump;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+error_dump:
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, sa->node);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, sb->node);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_nondata_nodes_order - check that list of data nodes is sorted.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @head: the list of nodes ('struct ubifs_scan_node' objects)
+ *
+ * This function returns zero if the list of non-data nodes is sorted correctly,
+ * and %-EINVAL if not.
+ */
+int dbg_check_nondata_nodes_order(struct ubifs_info *c, struct list_head *head)
+{
+	struct list_head *cur;
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *sa, *sb;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_gen(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	for (cur = head->next; cur->next != head; cur = cur->next) {
+		ino_t inuma, inumb;
+		uint32_t hasha, hashb;
+
+		cond_resched();
+		sa = container_of(cur, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
+		sb = container_of(cur->next, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
+
+		if (sa->type != UBIFS_INO_NODE && sa->type != UBIFS_DENT_NODE &&
+		    sa->type != UBIFS_XENT_NODE) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad node type %d", sa->type);
+			ubifs_dump_node(c, sa->node);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (sa->type != UBIFS_INO_NODE && sa->type != UBIFS_DENT_NODE &&
+		    sa->type != UBIFS_XENT_NODE) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad node type %d", sb->type);
+			ubifs_dump_node(c, sb->node);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		if (sa->type != UBIFS_INO_NODE && sb->type == UBIFS_INO_NODE) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "non-inode node goes before inode node");
+			goto error_dump;
+		}
+
+		if (sa->type == UBIFS_INO_NODE && sb->type != UBIFS_INO_NODE)
+			continue;
+
+		if (sa->type == UBIFS_INO_NODE && sb->type == UBIFS_INO_NODE) {
+			/* Inode nodes are sorted in descending size order */
+			if (sa->len < sb->len) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "smaller inode node goes first");
+				goto error_dump;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * This is either a dentry or xentry, which should be sorted in
+		 * ascending (parent ino, hash) order.
+		 */
+		inuma = key_inum(c, &sa->key);
+		inumb = key_inum(c, &sb->key);
+
+		if (inuma < inumb)
+			continue;
+		if (inuma > inumb) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "larger inum %lu goes before inum %lu",
+				  (unsigned long)inuma, (unsigned long)inumb);
+			goto error_dump;
+		}
+
+		hasha = key_block(c, &sa->key);
+		hashb = key_block(c, &sb->key);
+
+		if (hasha > hashb) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "larger hash %u goes before %u",
+				  hasha, hashb);
+			goto error_dump;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+error_dump:
+	ubifs_msg(c, "dumping first node");
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, sa->node);
+	ubifs_msg(c, "dumping second node");
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, sb->node);
+	return -EINVAL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int chance(unsigned int n, unsigned int out_of)
+{
+	return !!((prandom_u32() % out_of) + 1 <= n);
+
+}
+
+static int power_cut_emulated(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int write)
+{
+	struct ubifs_debug_info *d = c->dbg;
+
+	ubifs_assert(dbg_is_tst_rcvry(c));
+
+	if (!d->pc_cnt) {
+		/* First call - decide delay to the power cut */
+		if (chance(1, 2)) {
+			unsigned long delay;
+
+			if (chance(1, 2)) {
+				d->pc_delay = 1;
+				/* Fail within 1 minute */
+				delay = prandom_u32() % 60000;
+				d->pc_timeout = jiffies;
+				d->pc_timeout += msecs_to_jiffies(delay);
+				ubifs_warn(c, "failing after %lums", delay);
+			} else {
+				d->pc_delay = 2;
+				delay = prandom_u32() % 10000;
+				/* Fail within 10000 operations */
+				d->pc_cnt_max = delay;
+				ubifs_warn(c, "failing after %lu calls", delay);
+			}
+		}
+
+		d->pc_cnt += 1;
+	}
+
+	/* Determine if failure delay has expired */
+	if (d->pc_delay == 1 && time_before(jiffies, d->pc_timeout))
+			return 0;
+	if (d->pc_delay == 2 && d->pc_cnt++ < d->pc_cnt_max)
+			return 0;
+
+	if (lnum == UBIFS_SB_LNUM) {
+		if (write && chance(1, 2))
+			return 0;
+		if (chance(19, 20))
+			return 0;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "failing in super block LEB %d", lnum);
+	} else if (lnum == UBIFS_MST_LNUM || lnum == UBIFS_MST_LNUM + 1) {
+		if (chance(19, 20))
+			return 0;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "failing in master LEB %d", lnum);
+	} else if (lnum >= UBIFS_LOG_LNUM && lnum <= c->log_last) {
+		if (write && chance(99, 100))
+			return 0;
+		if (chance(399, 400))
+			return 0;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "failing in log LEB %d", lnum);
+	} else if (lnum >= c->lpt_first && lnum <= c->lpt_last) {
+		if (write && chance(7, 8))
+			return 0;
+		if (chance(19, 20))
+			return 0;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "failing in LPT LEB %d", lnum);
+	} else if (lnum >= c->orph_first && lnum <= c->orph_last) {
+		if (write && chance(1, 2))
+			return 0;
+		if (chance(9, 10))
+			return 0;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "failing in orphan LEB %d", lnum);
+	} else if (lnum == c->ihead_lnum) {
+		if (chance(99, 100))
+			return 0;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "failing in index head LEB %d", lnum);
+	} else if (c->jheads && lnum == c->jheads[GCHD].wbuf.lnum) {
+		if (chance(9, 10))
+			return 0;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "failing in GC head LEB %d", lnum);
+	} else if (write && !RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&c->buds) &&
+		   !ubifs_search_bud(c, lnum)) {
+		if (chance(19, 20))
+			return 0;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "failing in non-bud LEB %d", lnum);
+	} else if (c->cmt_state == COMMIT_RUNNING_BACKGROUND ||
+		   c->cmt_state == COMMIT_RUNNING_REQUIRED) {
+		if (chance(999, 1000))
+			return 0;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "failing in bud LEB %d commit running", lnum);
+	} else {
+		if (chance(9999, 10000))
+			return 0;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "failing in bud LEB %d commit not running", lnum);
+	}
+
+	d->pc_happened = 1;
+	ubifs_warn(c, "========== Power cut emulated ==========");
+	dump_stack();
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int corrupt_data(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *buf,
+			unsigned int len)
+{
+	unsigned int from, to, ffs = chance(1, 2);
+	unsigned char *p = (void *)buf;
+
+	from = prandom_u32() % len;
+	/* Corruption span max to end of write unit */
+	to = min(len, ALIGN(from + 1, c->max_write_size));
+
+	ubifs_warn(c, "filled bytes %u-%u with %s", from, to - 1,
+		   ffs ? "0xFFs" : "random data");
+
+	if (ffs)
+		memset(p + from, 0xFF, to - from);
+	else
+		prandom_bytes(p + from, to - from);
+
+	return to;
+}
+
+int dbg_leb_write(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, const void *buf,
+		  int offs, int len)
+{
+	int err, failing;
+
+	if (c->dbg->pc_happened)
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	failing = power_cut_emulated(c, lnum, 1);
+	if (failing) {
+		len = corrupt_data(c, buf, len);
+		ubifs_warn(c, "actually write %d bytes to LEB %d:%d (the buffer was corrupted)",
+			   len, lnum, offs);
+	}
+	err = ubi_leb_write(c->ubi, lnum, buf, offs, len);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	if (failing)
+		return -EROFS;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int dbg_leb_change(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, const void *buf,
+		   int len)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (c->dbg->pc_happened)
+		return -EROFS;
+	if (power_cut_emulated(c, lnum, 1))
+		return -EROFS;
+	err = ubi_leb_change(c->ubi, lnum, buf, len);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	if (power_cut_emulated(c, lnum, 1))
+		return -EROFS;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int dbg_leb_unmap(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (c->dbg->pc_happened)
+		return -EROFS;
+	if (power_cut_emulated(c, lnum, 0))
+		return -EROFS;
+	err = ubi_leb_unmap(c->ubi, lnum);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	if (power_cut_emulated(c, lnum, 0))
+		return -EROFS;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int dbg_leb_map(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (c->dbg->pc_happened)
+		return -EROFS;
+	if (power_cut_emulated(c, lnum, 0))
+		return -EROFS;
+	err = ubi_leb_map(c->ubi, lnum);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	if (power_cut_emulated(c, lnum, 0))
+		return -EROFS;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Root directory for UBIFS stuff in debugfs. Contains sub-directories which
+ * contain the stuff specific to particular file-system mounts.
+ */
+static struct dentry *dfs_rootdir;
+
+static int dfs_file_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	file->private_data = inode->i_private;
+	return nonseekable_open(inode, file);
+}
+
+/**
+ * provide_user_output - provide output to the user reading a debugfs file.
+ * @val: boolean value for the answer
+ * @u: the buffer to store the answer at
+ * @count: size of the buffer
+ * @ppos: position in the @u output buffer
+ *
+ * This is a simple helper function which stores @val boolean value in the user
+ * buffer when the user reads one of UBIFS debugfs files. Returns amount of
+ * bytes written to @u in case of success and a negative error code in case of
+ * failure.
+ */
+static int provide_user_output(int val, char __user *u, size_t count,
+			       loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	char buf[3];
+
+	if (val)
+		buf[0] = '1';
+	else
+		buf[0] = '0';
+	buf[1] = '\n';
+	buf[2] = 0x00;
+
+	return simple_read_from_buffer(u, count, ppos, buf, 2);
+}
+
+static ssize_t dfs_file_read(struct file *file, char __user *u, size_t count,
+			     loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	struct dentry *dent = file->f_path.dentry;
+	struct ubifs_info *c = file->private_data;
+	struct ubifs_debug_info *d = c->dbg;
+	int val;
+
+	if (dent == d->dfs_chk_gen)
+		val = d->chk_gen;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_chk_index)
+		val = d->chk_index;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_chk_orph)
+		val = d->chk_orph;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_chk_lprops)
+		val = d->chk_lprops;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_chk_fs)
+		val = d->chk_fs;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_tst_rcvry)
+		val = d->tst_rcvry;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_ro_error)
+		val = c->ro_error;
+	else
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return provide_user_output(val, u, count, ppos);
+}
+
+/**
+ * interpret_user_input - interpret user debugfs file input.
+ * @u: user-provided buffer with the input
+ * @count: buffer size
+ *
+ * This is a helper function which interpret user input to a boolean UBIFS
+ * debugfs file. Returns %0 or %1 in case of success and a negative error code
+ * in case of failure.
+ */
+static int interpret_user_input(const char __user *u, size_t count)
+{
+	size_t buf_size;
+	char buf[8];
+
+	buf_size = min_t(size_t, count, (sizeof(buf) - 1));
+	if (copy_from_user(buf, u, buf_size))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	if (buf[0] == '1')
+		return 1;
+	else if (buf[0] == '0')
+		return 0;
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static ssize_t dfs_file_write(struct file *file, const char __user *u,
+			      size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = file->private_data;
+	struct ubifs_debug_info *d = c->dbg;
+	struct dentry *dent = file->f_path.dentry;
+	int val;
+
+	/*
+	 * TODO: this is racy - the file-system might have already been
+	 * unmounted and we'd oops in this case. The plan is to fix it with
+	 * help of 'iterate_supers_type()' which we should have in v3.0: when
+	 * a debugfs opened, we rember FS's UUID in file->private_data. Then
+	 * whenever we access the FS via a debugfs file, we iterate all UBIFS
+	 * superblocks and fine the one with the same UUID, and take the
+	 * locking right.
+	 *
+	 * The other way to go suggested by Al Viro is to create a separate
+	 * 'ubifs-debug' file-system instead.
+	 */
+	if (file->f_path.dentry == d->dfs_dump_lprops) {
+		ubifs_dump_lprops(c);
+		return count;
+	}
+	if (file->f_path.dentry == d->dfs_dump_budg) {
+		ubifs_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
+		return count;
+	}
+	if (file->f_path.dentry == d->dfs_dump_tnc) {
+		mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+		ubifs_dump_tnc(c);
+		mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+		return count;
+	}
+
+	val = interpret_user_input(u, count);
+	if (val < 0)
+		return val;
+
+	if (dent == d->dfs_chk_gen)
+		d->chk_gen = val;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_chk_index)
+		d->chk_index = val;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_chk_orph)
+		d->chk_orph = val;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_chk_lprops)
+		d->chk_lprops = val;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_chk_fs)
+		d->chk_fs = val;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_tst_rcvry)
+		d->tst_rcvry = val;
+	else if (dent == d->dfs_ro_error)
+		c->ro_error = !!val;
+	else
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations dfs_fops = {
+	.open = dfs_file_open,
+	.read = dfs_file_read,
+	.write = dfs_file_write,
+	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
+	.llseek = no_llseek,
+};
+
+/**
+ * dbg_debugfs_init_fs - initialize debugfs for UBIFS instance.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function creates all debugfs files for this instance of UBIFS. Returns
+ * zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ *
+ * Note, the only reason we have not merged this function with the
+ * 'ubifs_debugging_init()' function is because it is better to initialize
+ * debugfs interfaces at the very end of the mount process, and remove them at
+ * the very beginning of the mount process.
+ */
+int dbg_debugfs_init_fs(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, n;
+	const char *fname;
+	struct dentry *dent;
+	struct ubifs_debug_info *d = c->dbg;
+
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS))
+		return 0;
+
+	n = snprintf(d->dfs_dir_name, UBIFS_DFS_DIR_LEN + 1, UBIFS_DFS_DIR_NAME,
+		     c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id);
+	if (n == UBIFS_DFS_DIR_LEN) {
+		/* The array size is too small */
+		fname = UBIFS_DFS_DIR_NAME;
+		dent = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	fname = d->dfs_dir_name;
+	dent = debugfs_create_dir(fname, dfs_rootdir);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
 		goto out;
+	d->dfs_dir = dent;
+
+	fname = "dump_lprops";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IWUSR, d->dfs_dir, c, &dfs_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	d->dfs_dump_lprops = dent;
+
+	fname = "dump_budg";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IWUSR, d->dfs_dir, c, &dfs_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	d->dfs_dump_budg = dent;
+
+	fname = "dump_tnc";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IWUSR, d->dfs_dir, c, &dfs_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	d->dfs_dump_tnc = dent;
+
+	fname = "chk_general";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, d->dfs_dir, c,
+				   &dfs_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	d->dfs_chk_gen = dent;
+
+	fname = "chk_index";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, d->dfs_dir, c,
+				   &dfs_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	d->dfs_chk_index = dent;
+
+	fname = "chk_orphans";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, d->dfs_dir, c,
+				   &dfs_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	d->dfs_chk_orph = dent;
+
+	fname = "chk_lprops";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, d->dfs_dir, c,
+				   &dfs_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	d->dfs_chk_lprops = dent;
+
+	fname = "chk_fs";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, d->dfs_dir, c,
+				   &dfs_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	d->dfs_chk_fs = dent;
+
+	fname = "tst_recovery";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, d->dfs_dir, c,
+				   &dfs_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	d->dfs_tst_rcvry = dent;
+
+	fname = "ro_error";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, d->dfs_dir, c,
+				   &dfs_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	d->dfs_ro_error = dent;
 
 	return 0;
 
+out_remove:
+	debugfs_remove_recursive(d->dfs_dir);
 out:
-	kfree(c->dbg);
-	return -ENOMEM;
+	err = dent ? PTR_ERR(dent) : -ENODEV;
+	ubifs_err(c, "cannot create \"%s\" debugfs file or directory, error %d\n",
+		  fname, err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_debugfs_exit_fs - remove all debugfs files.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ */
+void dbg_debugfs_exit_fs(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS))
+		debugfs_remove_recursive(c->dbg->dfs_dir);
+}
+
+struct ubifs_global_debug_info ubifs_dbg;
+
+static struct dentry *dfs_chk_gen;
+static struct dentry *dfs_chk_index;
+static struct dentry *dfs_chk_orph;
+static struct dentry *dfs_chk_lprops;
+static struct dentry *dfs_chk_fs;
+static struct dentry *dfs_tst_rcvry;
+
+static ssize_t dfs_global_file_read(struct file *file, char __user *u,
+				    size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	struct dentry *dent = file->f_path.dentry;
+	int val;
+
+	if (dent == dfs_chk_gen)
+		val = ubifs_dbg.chk_gen;
+	else if (dent == dfs_chk_index)
+		val = ubifs_dbg.chk_index;
+	else if (dent == dfs_chk_orph)
+		val = ubifs_dbg.chk_orph;
+	else if (dent == dfs_chk_lprops)
+		val = ubifs_dbg.chk_lprops;
+	else if (dent == dfs_chk_fs)
+		val = ubifs_dbg.chk_fs;
+	else if (dent == dfs_tst_rcvry)
+		val = ubifs_dbg.tst_rcvry;
+	else
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return provide_user_output(val, u, count, ppos);
+}
+
+static ssize_t dfs_global_file_write(struct file *file, const char __user *u,
+				     size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	struct dentry *dent = file->f_path.dentry;
+	int val;
+
+	val = interpret_user_input(u, count);
+	if (val < 0)
+		return val;
+
+	if (dent == dfs_chk_gen)
+		ubifs_dbg.chk_gen = val;
+	else if (dent == dfs_chk_index)
+		ubifs_dbg.chk_index = val;
+	else if (dent == dfs_chk_orph)
+		ubifs_dbg.chk_orph = val;
+	else if (dent == dfs_chk_lprops)
+		ubifs_dbg.chk_lprops = val;
+	else if (dent == dfs_chk_fs)
+		ubifs_dbg.chk_fs = val;
+	else if (dent == dfs_tst_rcvry)
+		ubifs_dbg.tst_rcvry = val;
+	else
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations dfs_global_fops = {
+	.read = dfs_global_file_read,
+	.write = dfs_global_file_write,
+	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
+	.llseek = no_llseek,
+};
+
+/**
+ * dbg_debugfs_init - initialize debugfs file-system.
+ *
+ * UBIFS uses debugfs file-system to expose various debugging knobs to
+ * user-space. This function creates "ubifs" directory in the debugfs
+ * file-system. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
+ * case of failure.
+ */
+int dbg_debugfs_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+	const char *fname;
+	struct dentry *dent;
+
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS))
+		return 0;
+
+	fname = "ubifs";
+	dent = debugfs_create_dir(fname, NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out;
+	dfs_rootdir = dent;
+
+	fname = "chk_general";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, dfs_rootdir, NULL,
+				   &dfs_global_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	dfs_chk_gen = dent;
+
+	fname = "chk_index";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, dfs_rootdir, NULL,
+				   &dfs_global_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	dfs_chk_index = dent;
+
+	fname = "chk_orphans";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, dfs_rootdir, NULL,
+				   &dfs_global_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	dfs_chk_orph = dent;
+
+	fname = "chk_lprops";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, dfs_rootdir, NULL,
+				   &dfs_global_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	dfs_chk_lprops = dent;
+
+	fname = "chk_fs";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, dfs_rootdir, NULL,
+				   &dfs_global_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	dfs_chk_fs = dent;
+
+	fname = "tst_recovery";
+	dent = debugfs_create_file(fname, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, dfs_rootdir, NULL,
+				   &dfs_global_fops);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dent))
+		goto out_remove;
+	dfs_tst_rcvry = dent;
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_remove:
+	debugfs_remove_recursive(dfs_rootdir);
+out:
+	err = dent ? PTR_ERR(dent) : -ENODEV;
+	pr_err("UBIFS error (pid %d): cannot create \"%s\" debugfs file or directory, error %d\n",
+	       0, fname, err);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_debugfs_exit - remove the "ubifs" directory from debugfs file-system.
+ */
+void dbg_debugfs_exit(void)
+{
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS))
+		debugfs_remove_recursive(dfs_rootdir);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_debugging_init - initialize UBIFS debugging.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function initializes debugging-related data for the file system.
+ * Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
+ * failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_debugging_init(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	c->dbg = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_debug_info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!c->dbg)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -149,8 +3142,6 @@ out:
  */
 void ubifs_debugging_exit(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
-	vfree(c->dbg->buf);
 	kfree(c->dbg);
 }
-
-#endif /* CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG */
+#endif
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/debug.h b/fs/ubifs/debug.h
index dbc7f18fa1..72587b50b6 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/debug.h
+++ b/fs/ubifs/debug.h
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -23,19 +12,31 @@
 #ifndef __UBIFS_DEBUG_H__
 #define __UBIFS_DEBUG_H__
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG
+/* Checking helper functions */
+typedef int (*dbg_leaf_callback)(struct ubifs_info *c,
+				 struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr, void *priv);
+typedef int (*dbg_znode_callback)(struct ubifs_info *c,
+				  struct ubifs_znode *znode, void *priv);
+
+/*
+ * The UBIFS debugfs directory name pattern and maximum name length (3 for "ubi"
+ * + 1 for "_" and plus 2x2 for 2 UBI numbers and 1 for the trailing zero byte.
+ */
+#define UBIFS_DFS_DIR_NAME "ubi%d_%d"
+#define UBIFS_DFS_DIR_LEN  (3 + 1 + 2*2 + 1)
 
 /**
  * ubifs_debug_info - per-FS debugging information.
- * @buf: a buffer of LEB size, used for various purposes
  * @old_zroot: old index root - used by 'dbg_check_old_index()'
  * @old_zroot_level: old index root level - used by 'dbg_check_old_index()'
  * @old_zroot_sqnum: old index root sqnum - used by 'dbg_check_old_index()'
- * @failure_mode: failure mode for recovery testing
- * @fail_delay: 0=>don't delay, 1=>delay a time, 2=>delay a number of calls
- * @fail_timeout: time in jiffies when delay of failure mode expires
- * @fail_cnt: current number of calls to failure mode I/O functions
- * @fail_cnt_max: number of calls by which to delay failure mode
+ *
+ * @pc_happened: non-zero if an emulated power cut happened
+ * @pc_delay: 0=>don't delay, 1=>delay a time, 2=>delay a number of calls
+ * @pc_timeout: time in jiffies when delay of failure mode expires
+ * @pc_cnt: current number of calls to failure mode I/O functions
+ * @pc_cnt_max: number of calls by which to delay failure mode
+ *
  * @chk_lpt_sz: used by LPT tree size checker
  * @chk_lpt_sz2: used by LPT tree size checker
  * @chk_lpt_wastage: used by LPT tree size checker
@@ -45,24 +46,44 @@
  * @new_ihead_offs: used by debugging to check @c->ihead_offs
  *
  * @saved_lst: saved lprops statistics (used by 'dbg_save_space_info()')
- * @saved_free: saved free space (used by 'dbg_save_space_info()')
+ * @saved_bi: saved budgeting information
+ * @saved_free: saved amount of free space
+ * @saved_idx_gc_cnt: saved value of @c->idx_gc_cnt
+ *
+ * @chk_gen: if general extra checks are enabled
+ * @chk_index: if index xtra checks are enabled
+ * @chk_orph: if orphans extra checks are enabled
+ * @chk_lprops: if lprops extra checks are enabled
+ * @chk_fs: if UBIFS contents extra checks are enabled
+ * @tst_rcvry: if UBIFS recovery testing mode enabled
  *
- * dfs_dir_name: name of debugfs directory containing this file-system's files
- * dfs_dir: direntry object of the file-system debugfs directory
- * dfs_dump_lprops: "dump lprops" debugfs knob
- * dfs_dump_budg: "dump budgeting information" debugfs knob
- * dfs_dump_tnc: "dump TNC" debugfs knob
+ * @dfs_dir_name: name of debugfs directory containing this file-system's files
+ * @dfs_dir: direntry object of the file-system debugfs directory
+ * @dfs_dump_lprops: "dump lprops" debugfs knob
+ * @dfs_dump_budg: "dump budgeting information" debugfs knob
+ * @dfs_dump_tnc: "dump TNC" debugfs knob
+ * @dfs_chk_gen: debugfs knob to enable UBIFS general extra checks
+ * @dfs_chk_index: debugfs knob to enable UBIFS index extra checks
+ * @dfs_chk_orph: debugfs knob to enable UBIFS orphans extra checks
+ * @dfs_chk_lprops: debugfs knob to enable UBIFS LEP properties extra checks
+ * @dfs_chk_fs: debugfs knob to enable UBIFS contents extra checks
+ * @dfs_tst_rcvry: debugfs knob to enable UBIFS recovery testing
+ * @dfs_ro_error: debugfs knob to switch UBIFS to R/O mode (different to
+ *                re-mounting to R/O mode because it does not flush any buffers
+ *                and UBIFS just starts returning -EROFS on all write
+ *               operations)
  */
 struct ubifs_debug_info {
-	void *buf;
 	struct ubifs_zbranch old_zroot;
 	int old_zroot_level;
 	unsigned long long old_zroot_sqnum;
-	int failure_mode;
-	int fail_delay;
-	unsigned long fail_timeout;
-	unsigned int fail_cnt;
-	unsigned int fail_cnt_max;
+
+	int pc_happened;
+	int pc_delay;
+	unsigned long pc_timeout;
+	unsigned int pc_cnt;
+	unsigned int pc_cnt_max;
+
 	long long chk_lpt_sz;
 	long long chk_lpt_sz2;
 	long long chk_lpt_wastage;
@@ -72,321 +93,285 @@ struct ubifs_debug_info {
 	int new_ihead_offs;
 
 	struct ubifs_lp_stats saved_lst;
+	struct ubifs_budg_info saved_bi;
 	long long saved_free;
+	int saved_idx_gc_cnt;
+
+	unsigned int chk_gen:1;
+	unsigned int chk_index:1;
+	unsigned int chk_orph:1;
+	unsigned int chk_lprops:1;
+	unsigned int chk_fs:1;
+	unsigned int tst_rcvry:1;
 
-	char dfs_dir_name[100];
+	char dfs_dir_name[UBIFS_DFS_DIR_LEN + 1];
 	struct dentry *dfs_dir;
 	struct dentry *dfs_dump_lprops;
 	struct dentry *dfs_dump_budg;
 	struct dentry *dfs_dump_tnc;
+	struct dentry *dfs_chk_gen;
+	struct dentry *dfs_chk_index;
+	struct dentry *dfs_chk_orph;
+	struct dentry *dfs_chk_lprops;
+	struct dentry *dfs_chk_fs;
+	struct dentry *dfs_tst_rcvry;
+	struct dentry *dfs_ro_error;
 };
 
-#define UBIFS_DBG(op) op
+/**
+ * ubifs_global_debug_info - global (not per-FS) UBIFS debugging information.
+ *
+ * @chk_gen: if general extra checks are enabled
+ * @chk_index: if index xtra checks are enabled
+ * @chk_orph: if orphans extra checks are enabled
+ * @chk_lprops: if lprops extra checks are enabled
+ * @chk_fs: if UBIFS contents extra checks are enabled
+ * @tst_rcvry: if UBIFS recovery testing mode enabled
+ */
+struct ubifs_global_debug_info {
+	unsigned int chk_gen:1;
+	unsigned int chk_index:1;
+	unsigned int chk_orph:1;
+	unsigned int chk_lprops:1;
+	unsigned int chk_fs:1;
+	unsigned int tst_rcvry:1;
+};
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
 #define ubifs_assert(expr) do {                                                \
 	if (unlikely(!(expr))) {                                               \
-		pr_crit("UBIFS assert failed in %s at %u (pid %d)\n", \
-		       __func__, __LINE__, 0);                      \
-		dbg_dump_stack();                                              \
+		pr_crit("UBIFS assert failed in %s at %u (pid %d)\n",          \
+		       __func__, __LINE__, current->pid);                      \
+		dump_stack();                                                  \
 	}                                                                      \
 } while (0)
 
 #define ubifs_assert_cmt_locked(c) do {                                        \
 	if (unlikely(down_write_trylock(&(c)->commit_sem))) {                  \
 		up_write(&(c)->commit_sem);                                    \
-		pr_crit("commit lock is not locked!\n");		      \
+		pr_crit("commit lock is not locked!\n");                       \
 		ubifs_assert(0);                                               \
 	}                                                                      \
 } while (0)
 
-#define dbg_dump_stack() do {                                                  \
-	if (!dbg_failure_mode)                                                 \
+#define ubifs_dbg_msg(type, fmt, ...) \
+	pr_debug("UBIFS DBG " type " (pid %d): " fmt "\n", current->pid,       \
+		 ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN 48
+#define ubifs_dbg_msg_key(type, key, fmt, ...) do {                            \
+	char __tmp_key_buf[DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN];                                   \
+	pr_debug("UBIFS DBG " type " (pid %d): " fmt "%s\n", current->pid,     \
+		 ##__VA_ARGS__,                                                \
+		 dbg_snprintf_key(c, key, __tmp_key_buf, DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));    \
+} while (0)
+#else
+#define ubifs_assert(expr) do {                                                \
+	if (0 && unlikely(!(expr))) {                                               \
+		pr_crit("UBIFS assert failed in %s at %u\n",                   \
+		       __func__, __LINE__);                                    \
 		dump_stack();                                                  \
+	}                                                                      \
 } while (0)
 
-/* Generic debugging messages */
-#define dbg_msg(fmt, ...) do {                                                 \
-	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);                                                  \
-	pr_debug("UBIFS DBG (pid %d): %s: " fmt "\n", 0,   \
-	       __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__);                                       \
-	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);                                                \
+#define ubifs_assert_cmt_locked(c) do {                                        \
+	if (unlikely(down_write_trylock(&(c)->commit_sem))) {                  \
+		up_write(&(c)->commit_sem);                                    \
+		pr_crit("commit lock is not locked!\n");                       \
+		ubifs_assert(0);                                               \
+	}                                                                      \
 } while (0)
 
-#define dbg_do_msg(typ, fmt, ...) do {                                         \
-	if (ubifs_msg_flags & typ)                                             \
-		dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);                                   \
+#define ubifs_dbg_msg(type, fmt, ...) \
+	pr_debug("UBIFS DBG " type ": " fmt "\n",                              \
+		 ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN 48
+#if defined CONFIG_MTD_DEBUG
+#define ubifs_dbg_msg_key(type, key, fmt, ...) do {                            \
+	char __tmp_key_buf[DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN];                                   \
+	pr_debug("UBIFS DBG " type ": " fmt "%s\n",                            \
+		 ##__VA_ARGS__,                                                \
+		 dbg_snprintf_key(c, key, __tmp_key_buf, DBG_KEY_BUF_LEN));    \
 } while (0)
-
-#define dbg_err(fmt, ...) do {                                                 \
-	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);                                                  \
-	ubifs_err(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);                                         \
-	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);                                                \
+#else
+#define ubifs_dbg_msg_key(type, key, fmt, ...) do {                            \
+	pr_debug("UBIFS DBG\n");                                               \
 } while (0)
 
-const char *dbg_key_str0(const struct ubifs_info *c,
-			 const union ubifs_key *key);
-const char *dbg_key_str1(const struct ubifs_info *c,
-			 const union ubifs_key *key);
+#endif
 
-/*
- * DBGKEY macros require @dbg_lock to be held, which it is in the dbg message
- * macros.
- */
-#define DBGKEY(key)	dbg_key_str0(c, (key))
-#define DBGKEY1(key)	dbg_key_str1(c, (key))
+#endif
 
 /* General messages */
-#define dbg_gen(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_GEN, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_gen(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("gen", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional journal messages */
-#define dbg_jnl(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_JNL, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_jnl(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("jnl", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_jnlk(key, fmt, ...) \
+	ubifs_dbg_msg_key("jnl", key, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional TNC messages */
-#define dbg_tnc(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_TNC, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_tnc(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("tnc", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_tnck(key, fmt, ...) \
+	ubifs_dbg_msg_key("tnc", key, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional lprops messages */
-#define dbg_lp(fmt, ...)    dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_LP, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_lp(fmt, ...)    ubifs_dbg_msg("lp", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional LEB find messages */
-#define dbg_find(fmt, ...)  dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_FIND, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_find(fmt, ...)  ubifs_dbg_msg("find", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional mount messages */
-#define dbg_mnt(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_MNT, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_mnt(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("mnt", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_mntk(key, fmt, ...) \
+	ubifs_dbg_msg_key("mnt", key, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional I/O messages */
-#define dbg_io(fmt, ...)    dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_IO, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_io(fmt, ...)    ubifs_dbg_msg("io", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional commit messages */
-#define dbg_cmt(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_CMT, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_cmt(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("cmt", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional budgeting messages */
-#define dbg_budg(fmt, ...)  dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_BUDG, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_budg(fmt, ...)  ubifs_dbg_msg("budg", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional log messages */
-#define dbg_log(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_LOG, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_log(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("log", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional gc messages */
-#define dbg_gc(fmt, ...)    dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_GC, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_gc(fmt, ...)    ubifs_dbg_msg("gc", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional scan messages */
-#define dbg_scan(fmt, ...)  dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_SCAN, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_scan(fmt, ...)  ubifs_dbg_msg("scan", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional recovery messages */
-#define dbg_rcvry(fmt, ...) dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_RCVRY, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_rcvry(fmt, ...) ubifs_dbg_msg("rcvry", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+extern struct ubifs_global_debug_info ubifs_dbg;
+
+static inline int dbg_is_chk_gen(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return !!(ubifs_dbg.chk_gen || c->dbg->chk_gen);
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_chk_index(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return !!(ubifs_dbg.chk_index || c->dbg->chk_index);
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_chk_orph(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return !!(ubifs_dbg.chk_orph || c->dbg->chk_orph);
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_chk_lprops(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return !!(ubifs_dbg.chk_lprops || c->dbg->chk_lprops);
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_chk_fs(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return !!(ubifs_dbg.chk_fs || c->dbg->chk_fs);
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_tst_rcvry(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return !!(ubifs_dbg.tst_rcvry || c->dbg->tst_rcvry);
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_power_cut(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return !!c->dbg->pc_happened;
+}
 
-/*
- * Debugging message type flags (must match msg_type_names in debug.c).
- *
- * UBIFS_MSG_GEN: general messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_JNL: journal messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_MNT: mount messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_CMT: commit messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_FIND: LEB find messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_BUDG: budgeting messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_GC: garbage collection messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_TNC: TNC messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_LP: lprops messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_IO: I/O messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_LOG: log messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_SCAN: scan messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_RCVRY: recovery messages
- */
-enum {
-	UBIFS_MSG_GEN   = 0x1,
-	UBIFS_MSG_JNL   = 0x2,
-	UBIFS_MSG_MNT   = 0x4,
-	UBIFS_MSG_CMT   = 0x8,
-	UBIFS_MSG_FIND  = 0x10,
-	UBIFS_MSG_BUDG  = 0x20,
-	UBIFS_MSG_GC    = 0x40,
-	UBIFS_MSG_TNC   = 0x80,
-	UBIFS_MSG_LP    = 0x100,
-	UBIFS_MSG_IO    = 0x200,
-	UBIFS_MSG_LOG   = 0x400,
-	UBIFS_MSG_SCAN  = 0x800,
-	UBIFS_MSG_RCVRY = 0x1000,
-};
-
-/* Debugging message type flags for each default debug message level */
-#define UBIFS_MSG_LVL_0 0
-#define UBIFS_MSG_LVL_1 0x1
-#define UBIFS_MSG_LVL_2 0x7f
-#define UBIFS_MSG_LVL_3 0xffff
-
-/*
- * Debugging check flags (must match chk_names in debug.c).
- *
- * UBIFS_CHK_GEN: general checks
- * UBIFS_CHK_TNC: check TNC
- * UBIFS_CHK_IDX_SZ: check index size
- * UBIFS_CHK_ORPH: check orphans
- * UBIFS_CHK_OLD_IDX: check the old index
- * UBIFS_CHK_LPROPS: check lprops
- * UBIFS_CHK_FS: check the file-system
- */
-enum {
-	UBIFS_CHK_GEN     = 0x1,
-	UBIFS_CHK_TNC     = 0x2,
-	UBIFS_CHK_IDX_SZ  = 0x4,
-	UBIFS_CHK_ORPH    = 0x8,
-	UBIFS_CHK_OLD_IDX = 0x10,
-	UBIFS_CHK_LPROPS  = 0x20,
-	UBIFS_CHK_FS      = 0x40,
-};
-
-/*
- * Special testing flags (must match tst_names in debug.c).
- *
- * UBIFS_TST_FORCE_IN_THE_GAPS: force the use of in-the-gaps method
- * UBIFS_TST_RCVRY: failure mode for recovery testing
- */
-enum {
-	UBIFS_TST_FORCE_IN_THE_GAPS = 0x2,
-	UBIFS_TST_RCVRY             = 0x4,
-};
-
-#if CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG_MSG_LVL == 1
-#define UBIFS_MSG_FLAGS_DEFAULT UBIFS_MSG_LVL_1
-#elif CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG_MSG_LVL == 2
-#define UBIFS_MSG_FLAGS_DEFAULT UBIFS_MSG_LVL_2
-#elif CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG_MSG_LVL == 3
-#define UBIFS_MSG_FLAGS_DEFAULT UBIFS_MSG_LVL_3
-#else
-#define UBIFS_MSG_FLAGS_DEFAULT UBIFS_MSG_LVL_0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG_CHKS
-#define UBIFS_CHK_FLAGS_DEFAULT 0xffffffff
+int ubifs_debugging_init(struct ubifs_info *c);
+void ubifs_debugging_exit(struct ubifs_info *c);
 #else
-#define UBIFS_CHK_FLAGS_DEFAULT 0
-#endif
-
-#define dbg_ntype(type)                       ""
-#define dbg_cstate(cmt_state)                 ""
-#define dbg_get_key_dump(c, key)              ({})
-#define dbg_dump_inode(c, inode)              ({})
-#define dbg_dump_node(c, node)                ({})
-#define dbg_dump_budget_req(req)              ({})
-#define dbg_dump_lstats(lst)                  ({})
-#define dbg_dump_budg(c)                      ({})
-#define dbg_dump_lprop(c, lp)                 ({})
-#define dbg_dump_lprops(c)                    ({})
-#define dbg_dump_lpt_info(c)                  ({})
-#define dbg_dump_leb(c, lnum)                 ({})
-#define dbg_dump_znode(c, znode)              ({})
-#define dbg_dump_heap(c, heap, cat)           ({})
-#define dbg_dump_pnode(c, pnode, parent, iip) ({})
-#define dbg_dump_tnc(c)                       ({})
-#define dbg_dump_index(c)                     ({})
-
-#define dbg_walk_index(c, leaf_cb, znode_cb, priv) 0
-#define dbg_old_index_check_init(c, zroot)         0
-#define dbg_check_old_index(c, zroot)              0
-#define dbg_check_cats(c)                          0
-#define dbg_check_ltab(c)                          0
-#define dbg_chk_lpt_free_spc(c)                    0
-#define dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, action, len)             0
-#define dbg_check_synced_i_size(inode)             0
-#define dbg_check_dir_size(c, dir)                 0
-#define dbg_check_tnc(c, x)                        0
-#define dbg_check_idx_size(c, idx_size)            0
-#define dbg_check_filesystem(c)                    0
-#define dbg_check_heap(c, heap, cat, add_pos)      ({})
-#define dbg_check_lprops(c)                        0
-#define dbg_check_lpt_nodes(c, cnode, row, col)    0
-#define dbg_force_in_the_gaps_enabled              0
-#define dbg_force_in_the_gaps()                    0
-#define dbg_failure_mode                           0
-#define dbg_failure_mode_registration(c)           ({})
-#define dbg_failure_mode_deregistration(c)         ({})
+static inline int dbg_is_chk_gen(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_chk_index(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_chk_orph(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_chk_lprops(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_chk_fs(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_tst_rcvry(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int dbg_is_power_cut(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
 
 int ubifs_debugging_init(struct ubifs_info *c);
 void ubifs_debugging_exit(struct ubifs_info *c);
 
-#else /* !CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG */
-
-#define UBIFS_DBG(op)
-
-/* Use "if (0)" to make compiler check arguments even if debugging is off */
-#define ubifs_assert(expr)  do {                                               \
-	if (0 && (expr))                                                       \
-		pr_crit("UBIFS assert failed in %s at %u (pid %d)\n", \
-		       __func__, __LINE__, 0);                      \
-} while (0)
-
-#define dbg_err(fmt, ...)   do {                                               \
-	if (0)                                                                 \
-		ubifs_err(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);                                 \
-} while (0)
-
-#define dbg_msg(fmt, ...) do {                                                 \
-	if (0)                                                                 \
-		pr_debug("UBIFS DBG (pid %d): %s: " fmt "\n",         \
-		       0, __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__);                 \
-} while (0)
-
-#define dbg_dump_stack()
-#define ubifs_assert_cmt_locked(c)
-
-#define dbg_gen(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_jnl(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_tnc(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_lp(fmt, ...)    dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_find(fmt, ...)  dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_mnt(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_io(fmt, ...)    dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_cmt(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_budg(fmt, ...)  dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_log(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_gc(fmt, ...)    dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_scan(fmt, ...)  dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_rcvry(fmt, ...) dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
-#define DBGKEY(key)  ((char *)(key))
-#define DBGKEY1(key) ((char *)(key))
-
-#define ubifs_debugging_init(c)                0
-#define ubifs_debugging_exit(c)                ({})
-
-#define dbg_ntype(type)                       ""
-#define dbg_cstate(cmt_state)                 ""
-#define dbg_get_key_dump(c, key)              ({})
-#define dbg_dump_inode(c, inode)              ({})
-#define dbg_dump_node(c, node)                ({})
-#define dbg_dump_budget_req(req)              ({})
-#define dbg_dump_lstats(lst)                  ({})
-#define dbg_dump_budg(c)                      ({})
-#define dbg_dump_lprop(c, lp)                 ({})
-#define dbg_dump_lprops(c)                    ({})
-#define dbg_dump_lpt_info(c)                  ({})
-#define dbg_dump_leb(c, lnum)                 ({})
-#define dbg_dump_znode(c, znode)              ({})
-#define dbg_dump_heap(c, heap, cat)           ({})
-#define dbg_dump_pnode(c, pnode, parent, iip) ({})
-#define dbg_dump_tnc(c)                       ({})
-#define dbg_dump_index(c)                     ({})
-
-#define dbg_walk_index(c, leaf_cb, znode_cb, priv) 0
-#define dbg_old_index_check_init(c, zroot)         0
-#define dbg_check_old_index(c, zroot)              0
-#define dbg_check_cats(c)                          0
-#define dbg_check_ltab(c)                          0
-#define dbg_chk_lpt_free_spc(c)                    0
-#define dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, action, len)             0
-#define dbg_check_synced_i_size(inode)             0
-#define dbg_check_dir_size(c, dir)                 0
-#define dbg_check_tnc(c, x)                        0
-#define dbg_check_idx_size(c, idx_size)            0
-#define dbg_check_filesystem(c)                    0
-#define dbg_check_heap(c, heap, cat, add_pos)      ({})
-#define dbg_check_lprops(c)                        0
-#define dbg_check_lpt_nodes(c, cnode, row, col)    0
-#define dbg_force_in_the_gaps_enabled              0
-#define dbg_force_in_the_gaps()                    0
-#define dbg_failure_mode                           0
-#define dbg_failure_mode_registration(c)           ({})
-#define dbg_failure_mode_deregistration(c)         ({})
+#endif
 
-#endif /* !CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG */
+/* Dump functions */
+const char *dbg_ntype(int type);
+const char *dbg_cstate(int cmt_state);
+const char *dbg_jhead(int jhead);
+const char *dbg_get_key_dump(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+			     const union ubifs_key *key);
+const char *dbg_snprintf_key(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+			     const union ubifs_key *key, char *buffer, int len);
+void ubifs_dump_inode(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *inode);
+void ubifs_dump_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *node);
+void ubifs_dump_budget_req(const struct ubifs_budget_req *req);
+void ubifs_dump_lstats(const struct ubifs_lp_stats *lst);
+void ubifs_dump_budg(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct ubifs_budg_info *bi);
+void ubifs_dump_lprop(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+		      const struct ubifs_lprops *lp);
+void ubifs_dump_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c);
+void ubifs_dump_lpt_info(struct ubifs_info *c);
+void ubifs_dump_leb(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum);
+void ubifs_dump_sleb(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+		     const struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb, int offs);
+void ubifs_dump_znode(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+		      const struct ubifs_znode *znode);
+void ubifs_dump_heap(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap,
+		     int cat);
+void ubifs_dump_pnode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_pnode *pnode,
+		      struct ubifs_nnode *parent, int iip);
+void ubifs_dump_tnc(struct ubifs_info *c);
+void ubifs_dump_index(struct ubifs_info *c);
+void ubifs_dump_lpt_lebs(const struct ubifs_info *c);
+
+int dbg_walk_index(struct ubifs_info *c, dbg_leaf_callback leaf_cb,
+		   dbg_znode_callback znode_cb, void *priv);
+
+/* Checking functions */
+void dbg_save_space_info(struct ubifs_info *c);
+int dbg_check_space_info(struct ubifs_info *c);
+int dbg_check_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c);
+int dbg_old_index_check_init(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zroot);
+int dbg_check_old_index(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zroot);
+int dbg_check_cats(struct ubifs_info *c);
+int dbg_check_ltab(struct ubifs_info *c);
+int dbg_chk_lpt_free_spc(struct ubifs_info *c);
+int dbg_chk_lpt_sz(struct ubifs_info *c, int action, int len);
+int dbg_check_synced_i_size(const struct ubifs_info *c, struct inode *inode);
+int dbg_check_dir(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *dir);
+int dbg_check_tnc(struct ubifs_info *c, int extra);
+int dbg_check_idx_size(struct ubifs_info *c, long long idx_size);
+int dbg_check_filesystem(struct ubifs_info *c);
+void dbg_check_heap(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap, int cat,
+		    int add_pos);
+int dbg_check_lpt_nodes(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_cnode *cnode,
+			int row, int col);
+int dbg_check_inode_size(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *inode,
+			 loff_t size);
+int dbg_check_data_nodes_order(struct ubifs_info *c, struct list_head *head);
+int dbg_check_nondata_nodes_order(struct ubifs_info *c, struct list_head *head);
+
+int dbg_leb_write(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, const void *buf, int offs,
+		  int len);
+int dbg_leb_change(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, const void *buf, int len);
+int dbg_leb_unmap(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum);
+int dbg_leb_map(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum);
+
+/* Debugfs-related stuff */
+int dbg_debugfs_init(void);
+void dbg_debugfs_exit(void);
+int dbg_debugfs_init_fs(struct ubifs_info *c);
+void dbg_debugfs_exit_fs(struct ubifs_info *c);
 
 #endif /* !__UBIFS_DEBUG_H__ */
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/gc.c b/fs/ubifs/gc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39f749dc82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ubifs/gc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of UBIFS.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0
+ *
+ * Authors: Adrian Hunter
+ *          Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This file implements garbage collection. The procedure for garbage collection
+ * is different depending on whether a LEB as an index LEB (contains index
+ * nodes) or not. For non-index LEBs, garbage collection finds a LEB which
+ * contains a lot of dirty space (obsolete nodes), and copies the non-obsolete
+ * nodes to the journal, at which point the garbage-collected LEB is free to be
+ * reused. For index LEBs, garbage collection marks the non-obsolete index nodes
+ * dirty in the TNC, and after the next commit, the garbage-collected LEB is
+ * to be reused. Garbage collection will cause the number of dirty index nodes
+ * to grow, however sufficient space is reserved for the index to ensure the
+ * commit will never run out of space.
+ *
+ * Notes about dead watermark. At current UBIFS implementation we assume that
+ * LEBs which have less than @c->dead_wm bytes of free + dirty space are full
+ * and not worth garbage-collecting. The dead watermark is one min. I/O unit
+ * size, or min. UBIFS node size, depending on what is greater. Indeed, UBIFS
+ * Garbage Collector has to synchronize the GC head's write buffer before
+ * returning, so this is about wasting one min. I/O unit. However, UBIFS GC can
+ * actually reclaim even very small pieces of dirty space by garbage collecting
+ * enough dirty LEBs, but we do not bother doing this at this implementation.
+ *
+ * Notes about dark watermark. The results of GC work depends on how big are
+ * the UBIFS nodes GC deals with. Large nodes make GC waste more space. Indeed,
+ * if GC move data from LEB A to LEB B and nodes in LEB A are large, GC would
+ * have to waste large pieces of free space at the end of LEB B, because nodes
+ * from LEB A would not fit. And the worst situation is when all nodes are of
+ * maximum size. So dark watermark is the amount of free + dirty space in LEB
+ * which are guaranteed to be reclaimable. If LEB has less space, the GC might
+ * be unable to reclaim it. So, LEBs with free + dirty greater than dark
+ * watermark are "good" LEBs from GC's point of few. The other LEBs are not so
+ * good, and GC takes extra care when moving them.
+ */
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/list_sort.h>
+#endif
+#include "ubifs.h"
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/*
+ * GC may need to move more than one LEB to make progress. The below constants
+ * define "soft" and "hard" limits on the number of LEBs the garbage collector
+ * may move.
+ */
+#define SOFT_LEBS_LIMIT 4
+#define HARD_LEBS_LIMIT 32
+
+/**
+ * switch_gc_head - switch the garbage collection journal head.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: buffer to write
+ * @len: length of the buffer to write
+ * @lnum: LEB number written is returned here
+ * @offs: offset written is returned here
+ *
+ * This function switch the GC head to the next LEB which is reserved in
+ * @c->gc_lnum. Returns %0 in case of success, %-EAGAIN if commit is required,
+ * and other negative error code in case of failures.
+ */
+static int switch_gc_head(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, gc_lnum = c->gc_lnum;
+	struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf = &c->jheads[GCHD].wbuf;
+
+	ubifs_assert(gc_lnum != -1);
+	dbg_gc("switch GC head from LEB %d:%d to LEB %d (waste %d bytes)",
+	       wbuf->lnum, wbuf->offs + wbuf->used, gc_lnum,
+	       c->leb_size - wbuf->offs - wbuf->used);
+
+	err = ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	/*
+	 * The GC write-buffer was synchronized, we may safely unmap
+	 * 'c->gc_lnum'.
+	 */
+	err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, gc_lnum);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = ubifs_add_bud_to_log(c, GCHD, gc_lnum, 0);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	c->gc_lnum = -1;
+	err = ubifs_wbuf_seek_nolock(wbuf, gc_lnum, 0);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * data_nodes_cmp - compare 2 data nodes.
+ * @priv: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @a: first data node
+ * @a: second data node
+ *
+ * This function compares data nodes @a and @b. Returns %1 if @a has greater
+ * inode or block number, and %-1 otherwise.
+ */
+static int data_nodes_cmp(void *priv, struct list_head *a, struct list_head *b)
+{
+	ino_t inuma, inumb;
+	struct ubifs_info *c = priv;
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *sa, *sb;
+
+	cond_resched();
+	if (a == b)
+		return 0;
+
+	sa = list_entry(a, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
+	sb = list_entry(b, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
+
+	ubifs_assert(key_type(c, &sa->key) == UBIFS_DATA_KEY);
+	ubifs_assert(key_type(c, &sb->key) == UBIFS_DATA_KEY);
+	ubifs_assert(sa->type == UBIFS_DATA_NODE);
+	ubifs_assert(sb->type == UBIFS_DATA_NODE);
+
+	inuma = key_inum(c, &sa->key);
+	inumb = key_inum(c, &sb->key);
+
+	if (inuma == inumb) {
+		unsigned int blka = key_block(c, &sa->key);
+		unsigned int blkb = key_block(c, &sb->key);
+
+		if (blka <= blkb)
+			return -1;
+	} else if (inuma <= inumb)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nondata_nodes_cmp - compare 2 non-data nodes.
+ * @priv: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @a: first node
+ * @a: second node
+ *
+ * This function compares nodes @a and @b. It makes sure that inode nodes go
+ * first and sorted by length in descending order. Directory entry nodes go
+ * after inode nodes and are sorted in ascending hash valuer order.
+ */
+static int nondata_nodes_cmp(void *priv, struct list_head *a,
+			     struct list_head *b)
+{
+	ino_t inuma, inumb;
+	struct ubifs_info *c = priv;
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *sa, *sb;
+
+	cond_resched();
+	if (a == b)
+		return 0;
+
+	sa = list_entry(a, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
+	sb = list_entry(b, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
+
+	ubifs_assert(key_type(c, &sa->key) != UBIFS_DATA_KEY &&
+		     key_type(c, &sb->key) != UBIFS_DATA_KEY);
+	ubifs_assert(sa->type != UBIFS_DATA_NODE &&
+		     sb->type != UBIFS_DATA_NODE);
+
+	/* Inodes go before directory entries */
+	if (sa->type == UBIFS_INO_NODE) {
+		if (sb->type == UBIFS_INO_NODE)
+			return sb->len - sa->len;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (sb->type == UBIFS_INO_NODE)
+		return 1;
+
+	ubifs_assert(key_type(c, &sa->key) == UBIFS_DENT_KEY ||
+		     key_type(c, &sa->key) == UBIFS_XENT_KEY);
+	ubifs_assert(key_type(c, &sb->key) == UBIFS_DENT_KEY ||
+		     key_type(c, &sb->key) == UBIFS_XENT_KEY);
+	ubifs_assert(sa->type == UBIFS_DENT_NODE ||
+		     sa->type == UBIFS_XENT_NODE);
+	ubifs_assert(sb->type == UBIFS_DENT_NODE ||
+		     sb->type == UBIFS_XENT_NODE);
+
+	inuma = key_inum(c, &sa->key);
+	inumb = key_inum(c, &sb->key);
+
+	if (inuma == inumb) {
+		uint32_t hasha = key_hash(c, &sa->key);
+		uint32_t hashb = key_hash(c, &sb->key);
+
+		if (hasha <= hashb)
+			return -1;
+	} else if (inuma <= inumb)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sort_nodes - sort nodes for GC.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @sleb: describes nodes to sort and contains the result on exit
+ * @nondata: contains non-data nodes on exit
+ * @min: minimum node size is returned here
+ *
+ * This function sorts the list of inodes to garbage collect. First of all, it
+ * kills obsolete nodes and separates data and non-data nodes to the
+ * @sleb->nodes and @nondata lists correspondingly.
+ *
+ * Data nodes are then sorted in block number order - this is important for
+ * bulk-read; data nodes with lower inode number go before data nodes with
+ * higher inode number, and data nodes with lower block number go before data
+ * nodes with higher block number;
+ *
+ * Non-data nodes are sorted as follows.
+ *   o First go inode nodes - they are sorted in descending length order.
+ *   o Then go directory entry nodes - they are sorted in hash order, which
+ *     should supposedly optimize 'readdir()'. Direntry nodes with lower parent
+ *     inode number go before direntry nodes with higher parent inode number,
+ *     and direntry nodes with lower name hash values go before direntry nodes
+ *     with higher name hash values.
+ *
+ * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
+ * case of failure.
+ */
+static int sort_nodes(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
+		      struct list_head *nondata, int *min)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod, *tmp;
+
+	*min = INT_MAX;
+
+	/* Separate data nodes and non-data nodes */
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(snod, tmp, &sleb->nodes, list) {
+		ubifs_assert(snod->type == UBIFS_INO_NODE  ||
+			     snod->type == UBIFS_DATA_NODE ||
+			     snod->type == UBIFS_DENT_NODE ||
+			     snod->type == UBIFS_XENT_NODE ||
+			     snod->type == UBIFS_TRUN_NODE);
+
+		if (snod->type != UBIFS_INO_NODE  &&
+		    snod->type != UBIFS_DATA_NODE &&
+		    snod->type != UBIFS_DENT_NODE &&
+		    snod->type != UBIFS_XENT_NODE) {
+			/* Probably truncation node, zap it */
+			list_del(&snod->list);
+			kfree(snod);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		ubifs_assert(key_type(c, &snod->key) == UBIFS_DATA_KEY ||
+			     key_type(c, &snod->key) == UBIFS_INO_KEY  ||
+			     key_type(c, &snod->key) == UBIFS_DENT_KEY ||
+			     key_type(c, &snod->key) == UBIFS_XENT_KEY);
+
+		err = ubifs_tnc_has_node(c, &snod->key, 0, sleb->lnum,
+					 snod->offs, 0);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		if (!err) {
+			/* The node is obsolete, remove it from the list */
+			list_del(&snod->list);
+			kfree(snod);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (snod->len < *min)
+			*min = snod->len;
+
+		if (key_type(c, &snod->key) != UBIFS_DATA_KEY)
+			list_move_tail(&snod->list, nondata);
+	}
+
+	/* Sort data and non-data nodes */
+	list_sort(c, &sleb->nodes, &data_nodes_cmp);
+	list_sort(c, nondata, &nondata_nodes_cmp);
+
+	err = dbg_check_data_nodes_order(c, &sleb->nodes);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	err = dbg_check_nondata_nodes_order(c, nondata);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * move_node - move a node.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @sleb: describes the LEB to move nodes from
+ * @snod: the mode to move
+ * @wbuf: write-buffer to move node to
+ *
+ * This function moves node @snod to @wbuf, changes TNC correspondingly, and
+ * destroys @snod. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
+ * case of failure.
+ */
+static int move_node(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
+		     struct ubifs_scan_node *snod, struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf)
+{
+	int err, new_lnum = wbuf->lnum, new_offs = wbuf->offs + wbuf->used;
+
+	cond_resched();
+	err = ubifs_wbuf_write_nolock(wbuf, snod->node, snod->len);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = ubifs_tnc_replace(c, &snod->key, sleb->lnum,
+				snod->offs, new_lnum, new_offs,
+				snod->len);
+	list_del(&snod->list);
+	kfree(snod);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * move_nodes - move nodes.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @sleb: describes the LEB to move nodes from
+ *
+ * This function moves valid nodes from data LEB described by @sleb to the GC
+ * journal head. This function returns zero in case of success, %-EAGAIN if
+ * commit is required, and other negative error codes in case of other
+ * failures.
+ */
+static int move_nodes(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb)
+{
+	int err, min;
+	LIST_HEAD(nondata);
+	struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf = &c->jheads[GCHD].wbuf;
+
+	if (wbuf->lnum == -1) {
+		/*
+		 * The GC journal head is not set, because it is the first GC
+		 * invocation since mount.
+		 */
+		err = switch_gc_head(c);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	err = sort_nodes(c, sleb, &nondata, &min);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Write nodes to their new location. Use the first-fit strategy */
+	while (1) {
+		int avail;
+		struct ubifs_scan_node *snod, *tmp;
+
+		/* Move data nodes */
+		list_for_each_entry_safe(snod, tmp, &sleb->nodes, list) {
+			avail = c->leb_size - wbuf->offs - wbuf->used;
+			if  (snod->len > avail)
+				/*
+				 * Do not skip data nodes in order to optimize
+				 * bulk-read.
+				 */
+				break;
+
+			err = move_node(c, sleb, snod, wbuf);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Move non-data nodes */
+		list_for_each_entry_safe(snod, tmp, &nondata, list) {
+			avail = c->leb_size - wbuf->offs - wbuf->used;
+			if (avail < min)
+				break;
+
+			if  (snod->len > avail) {
+				/*
+				 * Keep going only if this is an inode with
+				 * some data. Otherwise stop and switch the GC
+				 * head. IOW, we assume that data-less inode
+				 * nodes and direntry nodes are roughly of the
+				 * same size.
+				 */
+				if (key_type(c, &snod->key) == UBIFS_DENT_KEY ||
+				    snod->len == UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ)
+					break;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			err = move_node(c, sleb, snod, wbuf);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (list_empty(&sleb->nodes) && list_empty(&nondata))
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Waste the rest of the space in the LEB and switch to the
+		 * next LEB.
+		 */
+		err = switch_gc_head(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	list_splice_tail(&nondata, &sleb->nodes);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * gc_sync_wbufs - sync write-buffers for GC.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * We must guarantee that obsoleting nodes are on flash. Unfortunately they may
+ * be in a write-buffer instead. That is, a node could be written to a
+ * write-buffer, obsoleting another node in a LEB that is GC'd. If that LEB is
+ * erased before the write-buffer is sync'd and then there is an unclean
+ * unmount, then an existing node is lost. To avoid this, we sync all
+ * write-buffers.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success or a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int gc_sync_wbufs(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
+		if (i == GCHD)
+			continue;
+		err = ubifs_wbuf_sync(&c->jheads[i].wbuf);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_garbage_collect_leb - garbage-collect a logical eraseblock.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lp: describes the LEB to garbage collect
+ *
+ * This function garbage-collects an LEB and returns one of the @LEB_FREED,
+ * @LEB_RETAINED, etc positive codes in case of success, %-EAGAIN if commit is
+ * required, and other negative error codes in case of failures.
+ */
+int ubifs_garbage_collect_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *lp)
+{
+	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
+	struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf = &c->jheads[GCHD].wbuf;
+	int err = 0, lnum = lp->lnum;
+
+	ubifs_assert(c->gc_lnum != -1 || wbuf->offs + wbuf->used == 0 ||
+		     c->need_recovery);
+	ubifs_assert(c->gc_lnum != lnum);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->lnum != lnum);
+
+	if (lp->free + lp->dirty == c->leb_size) {
+		/* Special case - a free LEB  */
+		dbg_gc("LEB %d is free, return it", lp->lnum);
+		ubifs_assert(!(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX));
+
+		if (lp->free != c->leb_size) {
+			/*
+			 * Write buffers must be sync'd before unmapping
+			 * freeable LEBs, because one of them may contain data
+			 * which obsoletes something in 'lp->pnum'.
+			 */
+			err = gc_sync_wbufs(c);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+			err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, lp->lnum, c->leb_size,
+						  0, 0, 0, 0);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lp->lnum);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		if (c->gc_lnum == -1) {
+			c->gc_lnum = lnum;
+			return LEB_RETAINED;
+		}
+
+		return LEB_FREED;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We scan the entire LEB even though we only really need to scan up to
+	 * (c->leb_size - lp->free).
+	 */
+	sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(sleb))
+		return PTR_ERR(sleb);
+
+	ubifs_assert(!list_empty(&sleb->nodes));
+	snod = list_entry(sleb->nodes.next, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
+
+	if (snod->type == UBIFS_IDX_NODE) {
+		struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb *idx_gc;
+
+		dbg_gc("indexing LEB %d (free %d, dirty %d)",
+		       lnum, lp->free, lp->dirty);
+		list_for_each_entry(snod, &sleb->nodes, list) {
+			struct ubifs_idx_node *idx = snod->node;
+			int level = le16_to_cpu(idx->level);
+
+			ubifs_assert(snod->type == UBIFS_IDX_NODE);
+			key_read(c, ubifs_idx_key(c, idx), &snod->key);
+			err = ubifs_dirty_idx_node(c, &snod->key, level, lnum,
+						   snod->offs);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		idx_gc = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb), GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!idx_gc) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		idx_gc->lnum = lnum;
+		idx_gc->unmap = 0;
+		list_add(&idx_gc->list, &c->idx_gc);
+
+		/*
+		 * Don't release the LEB until after the next commit, because
+		 * it may contain data which is needed for recovery. So
+		 * although we freed this LEB, it will become usable only after
+		 * the commit.
+		 */
+		err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, lnum, c->leb_size, 0, 0,
+					  LPROPS_INDEX, 1);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		err = LEB_FREED_IDX;
+	} else {
+		dbg_gc("data LEB %d (free %d, dirty %d)",
+		       lnum, lp->free, lp->dirty);
+
+		err = move_nodes(c, sleb);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_inc_seq;
+
+		err = gc_sync_wbufs(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_inc_seq;
+
+		err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, lnum, c->leb_size, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_inc_seq;
+
+		/* Allow for races with TNC */
+		c->gced_lnum = lnum;
+		smp_wmb();
+		c->gc_seq += 1;
+		smp_wmb();
+
+		if (c->gc_lnum == -1) {
+			c->gc_lnum = lnum;
+			err = LEB_RETAINED;
+		} else {
+			err = ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+
+			err = LEB_FREED;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
+	return err;
+
+out_inc_seq:
+	/* We may have moved at least some nodes so allow for races with TNC */
+	c->gced_lnum = lnum;
+	smp_wmb();
+	c->gc_seq += 1;
+	smp_wmb();
+	goto out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_garbage_collect - UBIFS garbage collector.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @anyway: do GC even if there are free LEBs
+ *
+ * This function does out-of-place garbage collection. The return codes are:
+ *   o positive LEB number if the LEB has been freed and may be used;
+ *   o %-EAGAIN if the caller has to run commit;
+ *   o %-ENOSPC if GC failed to make any progress;
+ *   o other negative error codes in case of other errors.
+ *
+ * Garbage collector writes data to the journal when GC'ing data LEBs, and just
+ * marking indexing nodes dirty when GC'ing indexing LEBs. Thus, at some point
+ * commit may be required. But commit cannot be run from inside GC, because the
+ * caller might be holding the commit lock, so %-EAGAIN is returned instead;
+ * And this error code means that the caller has to run commit, and re-run GC
+ * if there is still no free space.
+ *
+ * There are many reasons why this function may return %-EAGAIN:
+ * o the log is full and there is no space to write an LEB reference for
+ *   @c->gc_lnum;
+ * o the journal is too large and exceeds size limitations;
+ * o GC moved indexing LEBs, but they can be used only after the commit;
+ * o the shrinker fails to find clean znodes to free and requests the commit;
+ * o etc.
+ *
+ * Note, if the file-system is close to be full, this function may return
+ * %-EAGAIN infinitely, so the caller has to limit amount of re-invocations of
+ * the function. E.g., this happens if the limits on the journal size are too
+ * tough and GC writes too much to the journal before an LEB is freed. This
+ * might also mean that the journal is too large, and the TNC becomes to big,
+ * so that the shrinker is constantly called, finds not clean znodes to free,
+ * and requests commit. Well, this may also happen if the journal is all right,
+ * but another kernel process consumes too much memory. Anyway, infinite
+ * %-EAGAIN may happen, but in some extreme/misconfiguration cases.
+ */
+int ubifs_garbage_collect(struct ubifs_info *c, int anyway)
+{
+	int i, err, ret, min_space = c->dead_wm;
+	struct ubifs_lprops lp;
+	struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf = &c->jheads[GCHD].wbuf;
+
+	ubifs_assert_cmt_locked(c);
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+
+	if (ubifs_gc_should_commit(c))
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
+	mutex_lock_nested(&wbuf->io_mutex, wbuf->jhead);
+
+	if (c->ro_error) {
+		ret = -EROFS;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	/* We expect the write-buffer to be empty on entry */
+	ubifs_assert(!wbuf->used);
+
+	for (i = 0; ; i++) {
+		int space_before, space_after;
+
+		cond_resched();
+
+		/* Give the commit an opportunity to run */
+		if (ubifs_gc_should_commit(c)) {
+			ret = -EAGAIN;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (i > SOFT_LEBS_LIMIT && !list_empty(&c->idx_gc)) {
+			/*
+			 * We've done enough iterations. Indexing LEBs were
+			 * moved and will be available after the commit.
+			 */
+			dbg_gc("soft limit, some index LEBs GC'ed, -EAGAIN");
+			ubifs_commit_required(c);
+			ret = -EAGAIN;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (i > HARD_LEBS_LIMIT) {
+			/*
+			 * We've moved too many LEBs and have not made
+			 * progress, give up.
+			 */
+			dbg_gc("hard limit, -ENOSPC");
+			ret = -ENOSPC;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Empty and freeable LEBs can turn up while we waited for
+		 * the wbuf lock, or while we have been running GC. In that
+		 * case, we should just return one of those instead of
+		 * continuing to GC dirty LEBs. Hence we request
+		 * 'ubifs_find_dirty_leb()' to return an empty LEB if it can.
+		 */
+		ret = ubifs_find_dirty_leb(c, &lp, min_space, anyway ? 0 : 1);
+		if (ret) {
+			if (ret == -ENOSPC)
+				dbg_gc("no more dirty LEBs");
+			break;
+		}
+
+		dbg_gc("found LEB %d: free %d, dirty %d, sum %d (min. space %d)",
+		       lp.lnum, lp.free, lp.dirty, lp.free + lp.dirty,
+		       min_space);
+
+		space_before = c->leb_size - wbuf->offs - wbuf->used;
+		if (wbuf->lnum == -1)
+			space_before = 0;
+
+		ret = ubifs_garbage_collect_leb(c, &lp);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
+				/*
+				 * This is not error, so we have to return the
+				 * LEB to lprops. But if 'ubifs_return_leb()'
+				 * fails, its failure code is propagated to the
+				 * caller instead of the original '-EAGAIN'.
+				 */
+				err = ubifs_return_leb(c, lp.lnum);
+				if (err)
+					ret = err;
+				break;
+			}
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (ret == LEB_FREED) {
+			/* An LEB has been freed and is ready for use */
+			dbg_gc("LEB %d freed, return", lp.lnum);
+			ret = lp.lnum;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (ret == LEB_FREED_IDX) {
+			/*
+			 * This was an indexing LEB and it cannot be
+			 * immediately used. And instead of requesting the
+			 * commit straight away, we try to garbage collect some
+			 * more.
+			 */
+			dbg_gc("indexing LEB %d freed, continue", lp.lnum);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		ubifs_assert(ret == LEB_RETAINED);
+		space_after = c->leb_size - wbuf->offs - wbuf->used;
+		dbg_gc("LEB %d retained, freed %d bytes", lp.lnum,
+		       space_after - space_before);
+
+		if (space_after > space_before) {
+			/* GC makes progress, keep working */
+			min_space >>= 1;
+			if (min_space < c->dead_wm)
+				min_space = c->dead_wm;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		dbg_gc("did not make progress");
+
+		/*
+		 * GC moved an LEB bud have not done any progress. This means
+		 * that the previous GC head LEB contained too few free space
+		 * and the LEB which was GC'ed contained only large nodes which
+		 * did not fit that space.
+		 *
+		 * We can do 2 things:
+		 * 1. pick another LEB in a hope it'll contain a small node
+		 *    which will fit the space we have at the end of current GC
+		 *    head LEB, but there is no guarantee, so we try this out
+		 *    unless we have already been working for too long;
+		 * 2. request an LEB with more dirty space, which will force
+		 *    'ubifs_find_dirty_leb()' to start scanning the lprops
+		 *    table, instead of just picking one from the heap
+		 *    (previously it already picked the dirtiest LEB).
+		 */
+		if (i < SOFT_LEBS_LIMIT) {
+			dbg_gc("try again");
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		min_space <<= 1;
+		if (min_space > c->dark_wm)
+			min_space = c->dark_wm;
+		dbg_gc("set min. space to %d", min_space);
+	}
+
+	if (ret == -ENOSPC && !list_empty(&c->idx_gc)) {
+		dbg_gc("no space, some index LEBs GC'ed, -EAGAIN");
+		ubifs_commit_required(c);
+		ret = -EAGAIN;
+	}
+
+	err = ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
+	if (!err)
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, c->gc_lnum);
+	if (err) {
+		ret = err;
+		goto out;
+	}
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&wbuf->io_mutex);
+	return ret;
+
+out:
+	ubifs_assert(ret < 0);
+	ubifs_assert(ret != -ENOSPC && ret != -EAGAIN);
+	ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
+	ubifs_ro_mode(c, ret);
+	mutex_unlock(&wbuf->io_mutex);
+	ubifs_return_leb(c, lp.lnum);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_gc_start_commit - garbage collection at start of commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * If a LEB has only dirty and free space, then we may safely unmap it and make
+ * it free.  Note, we cannot do this with indexing LEBs because dirty space may
+ * correspond index nodes that are required for recovery.  In that case, the
+ * LEB cannot be unmapped until after the next commit.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 upon success and a negative error code upon failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_gc_start_commit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb *idx_gc;
+	const struct ubifs_lprops *lp;
+	int err = 0, flags;
+
+	ubifs_get_lprops(c);
+
+	/*
+	 * Unmap (non-index) freeable LEBs. Note that recovery requires that all
+	 * wbufs are sync'd before this, which is done in 'do_commit()'.
+	 */
+	while (1) {
+		lp = ubifs_fast_find_freeable(c);
+		if (IS_ERR(lp)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(lp);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (!lp)
+			break;
+		ubifs_assert(!(lp->flags & LPROPS_TAKEN));
+		ubifs_assert(!(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX));
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lp->lnum);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		lp = ubifs_change_lp(c, lp, c->leb_size, 0, lp->flags, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(lp)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(lp);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		ubifs_assert(!(lp->flags & LPROPS_TAKEN));
+		ubifs_assert(!(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX));
+	}
+
+	/* Mark GC'd index LEBs OK to unmap after this commit finishes */
+	list_for_each_entry(idx_gc, &c->idx_gc, list)
+		idx_gc->unmap = 1;
+
+	/* Record index freeable LEBs for unmapping after commit */
+	while (1) {
+		lp = ubifs_fast_find_frdi_idx(c);
+		if (IS_ERR(lp)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(lp);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (!lp)
+			break;
+		idx_gc = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb), GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!idx_gc) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		ubifs_assert(!(lp->flags & LPROPS_TAKEN));
+		ubifs_assert(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX);
+		/* Don't release the LEB until after the next commit */
+		flags = (lp->flags | LPROPS_TAKEN) ^ LPROPS_INDEX;
+		lp = ubifs_change_lp(c, lp, c->leb_size, 0, flags, 1);
+		if (IS_ERR(lp)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(lp);
+			kfree(idx_gc);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		ubifs_assert(lp->flags & LPROPS_TAKEN);
+		ubifs_assert(!(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX));
+		idx_gc->lnum = lp->lnum;
+		idx_gc->unmap = 1;
+		list_add(&idx_gc->list, &c->idx_gc);
+	}
+out:
+	ubifs_release_lprops(c);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_gc_end_commit - garbage collection at end of commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function completes out-of-place garbage collection of index LEBs.
+ */
+int ubifs_gc_end_commit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb *idx_gc, *tmp;
+	struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	wbuf = &c->jheads[GCHD].wbuf;
+	mutex_lock_nested(&wbuf->io_mutex, wbuf->jhead);
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(idx_gc, tmp, &c->idx_gc, list)
+		if (idx_gc->unmap) {
+			dbg_gc("LEB %d", idx_gc->lnum);
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, idx_gc->lnum);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, idx_gc->lnum, LPROPS_NC,
+					  LPROPS_NC, 0, LPROPS_TAKEN, -1);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			list_del(&idx_gc->list);
+			kfree(idx_gc);
+		}
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&wbuf->io_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+/**
+ * ubifs_destroy_idx_gc - destroy idx_gc list.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function destroys the @c->idx_gc list. It is called when unmounting
+ * so locks are not needed. Returns zero in case of success and a negative
+ * error code in case of failure.
+ */
+void ubifs_destroy_idx_gc(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	while (!list_empty(&c->idx_gc)) {
+		struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb *idx_gc;
+
+		idx_gc = list_entry(c->idx_gc.next, struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb,
+				    list);
+		c->idx_gc_cnt -= 1;
+		list_del(&idx_gc->list);
+		kfree(idx_gc);
+	}
+}
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * ubifs_get_idx_gc_leb - get a LEB from GC'd index LEB list.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * Called during start commit so locks are not needed.
+ */
+int ubifs_get_idx_gc_leb(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb *idx_gc;
+	int lnum;
+
+	if (list_empty(&c->idx_gc))
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	idx_gc = list_entry(c->idx_gc.next, struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb, list);
+	lnum = idx_gc->lnum;
+	/* c->idx_gc_cnt is updated by the caller when lprops are updated */
+	list_del(&idx_gc->list);
+	kfree(idx_gc);
+	return lnum;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/io.c b/fs/ubifs/io.c
index aae5c65eae..0abe7317b8 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/io.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/io.c
@@ -4,18 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  * Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 University of Szeged, Hungary
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -31,6 +20,26 @@
  * buffer is full or when it is not used for some time (by timer). This is
  * similar to the mechanism is used by JFFS2.
  *
+ * UBIFS distinguishes between minimum write size (@c->min_io_size) and maximum
+ * write size (@c->max_write_size). The latter is the maximum amount of bytes
+ * the underlying flash is able to program at a time, and writing in
+ * @c->max_write_size units should presumably be faster. Obviously,
+ * @c->min_io_size <= @c->max_write_size. Write-buffers are of
+ * @c->max_write_size bytes in size for maximum performance. However, when a
+ * write-buffer is flushed, only the portion of it (aligned to @c->min_io_size
+ * boundary) which contains data is written, not the whole write-buffer,
+ * because this is more space-efficient.
+ *
+ * This optimization adds few complications to the code. Indeed, on the one
+ * hand, we want to write in optimal @c->max_write_size bytes chunks, which
+ * also means aligning writes at the @c->max_write_size bytes offsets. On the
+ * other hand, we do not want to waste space when synchronizing the write
+ * buffer, so during synchronization we writes in smaller chunks. And this makes
+ * the next write offset to be not aligned to @c->max_write_size bytes. So the
+ * have to make sure that the write-buffer offset (@wbuf->offs) becomes aligned
+ * to @c->max_write_size bytes again. We do this by temporarily shrinking
+ * write-buffer size (@wbuf->size).
+ *
  * Write-buffers are defined by 'struct ubifs_wbuf' objects and protected by
  * mutexes defined inside these objects. Since sometimes upper-level code
  * has to lock the write-buffer (e.g. journal space reservation code), many
@@ -46,10 +55,16 @@
  * UBIFS uses padding when it pads to the next min. I/O unit. In this case it
  * uses padding nodes or padding bytes, if the padding node does not fit.
  *
- * All UBIFS nodes are protected by CRC checksums and UBIFS checks all nodes
- * every time they are read from the flash media.
+ * All UBIFS nodes are protected by CRC checksums and UBIFS checks CRC when
+ * they are read from the flash media.
  */
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/crc32.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#else
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#endif
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
 /**
@@ -59,12 +74,137 @@
  */
 void ubifs_ro_mode(struct ubifs_info *c, int err)
 {
-	if (!c->ro_media) {
-		c->ro_media = 1;
+	if (!c->ro_error) {
+		c->ro_error = 1;
 		c->no_chk_data_crc = 0;
-		ubifs_warn("switched to read-only mode, error %d", err);
-		dbg_dump_stack();
+		c->vfs_sb->s_flags |= MS_RDONLY;
+		ubifs_warn(c, "switched to read-only mode, error %d", err);
+		dump_stack();
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Below are simple wrappers over UBI I/O functions which include some
+ * additional checks and UBIFS debugging stuff. See corresponding UBI function
+ * for more information.
+ */
+
+int ubifs_leb_read(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, void *buf, int offs,
+		   int len, int even_ebadmsg)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, buf, offs, len);
+	/*
+	 * In case of %-EBADMSG print the error message only if the
+	 * @even_ebadmsg is true.
+	 */
+	if (err && (err != -EBADMSG || even_ebadmsg)) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "reading %d bytes from LEB %d:%d failed, error %d",
+			  len, lnum, offs, err);
+		dump_stack();
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ubifs_leb_write(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, const void *buf, int offs,
+		    int len)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+	if (c->ro_error)
+		return -EROFS;
+	if (!dbg_is_tst_rcvry(c))
+		err = ubi_leb_write(c->ubi, lnum, buf, offs, len);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	else
+		err = dbg_leb_write(c, lnum, buf, offs, len);
+#endif
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "writing %d bytes to LEB %d:%d failed, error %d",
+			  len, lnum, offs, err);
+		ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
+		dump_stack();
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ubifs_leb_change(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, const void *buf, int len)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+	if (c->ro_error)
+		return -EROFS;
+	if (!dbg_is_tst_rcvry(c))
+		err = ubi_leb_change(c->ubi, lnum, buf, len);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	else
+		err = dbg_leb_change(c, lnum, buf, len);
+#endif
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "changing %d bytes in LEB %d failed, error %d",
+			  len, lnum, err);
+		ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
+		dump_stack();
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ubifs_leb_unmap(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+	if (c->ro_error)
+		return -EROFS;
+	if (!dbg_is_tst_rcvry(c))
+		err = ubi_leb_unmap(c->ubi, lnum);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	else
+		err = dbg_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+#endif
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "unmap LEB %d failed, error %d", lnum, err);
+		ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
+		dump_stack();
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ubifs_leb_map(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+	if (c->ro_error)
+		return -EROFS;
+	if (!dbg_is_tst_rcvry(c))
+		err = ubi_leb_map(c->ubi, lnum);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	else
+		err = dbg_leb_map(c, lnum);
+#endif
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "mapping LEB %d failed, error %d", lnum, err);
+		ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
+		dump_stack();
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ubifs_is_mapped(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = ubi_is_mapped(c->ubi, lnum);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "ubi_is_mapped failed for LEB %d, error %d",
+			  lnum, err);
+		dump_stack();
 	}
+	return err;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -85,8 +225,12 @@ void ubifs_ro_mode(struct ubifs_info *c, int err)
  * This function may skip data nodes CRC checking if @c->no_chk_data_crc is
  * true, which is controlled by corresponding UBIFS mount option. However, if
  * @must_chk_crc is true, then @c->no_chk_data_crc is ignored and CRC is
- * checked. Similarly, if @c->always_chk_crc is true, @c->no_chk_data_crc is
- * ignored and CRC is checked.
+ * checked. Similarly, if @c->mounting or @c->remounting_rw is true (we are
+ * mounting or re-mounting to R/W mode), @c->no_chk_data_crc is ignored and CRC
+ * is checked. This is because during mounting or re-mounting from R/O mode to
+ * R/W mode we may read journal nodes (when replying the journal or doing the
+ * recovery) and the journal nodes may potentially be corrupted, so checking is
+ * required.
  *
  * This function returns zero in case of success and %-EUCLEAN in case of bad
  * CRC or magic.
@@ -104,7 +248,7 @@ int ubifs_check_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *buf, int lnum,
 	magic = le32_to_cpu(ch->magic);
 	if (magic != UBIFS_NODE_MAGIC) {
 		if (!quiet)
-			ubifs_err("bad magic %#08x, expected %#08x",
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad magic %#08x, expected %#08x",
 				  magic, UBIFS_NODE_MAGIC);
 		err = -EUCLEAN;
 		goto out;
@@ -113,7 +257,7 @@ int ubifs_check_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *buf, int lnum,
 	type = ch->node_type;
 	if (type < 0 || type >= UBIFS_NODE_TYPES_CNT) {
 		if (!quiet)
-			ubifs_err("bad node type %d", type);
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad node type %d", type);
 		goto out;
 	}
 
@@ -128,15 +272,15 @@ int ubifs_check_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *buf, int lnum,
 		   node_len > c->ranges[type].max_len)
 		goto out_len;
 
-	if (!must_chk_crc && type == UBIFS_DATA_NODE && !c->always_chk_crc &&
-	     c->no_chk_data_crc)
+	if (!must_chk_crc && type == UBIFS_DATA_NODE && !c->mounting &&
+	    !c->remounting_rw && c->no_chk_data_crc)
 		return 0;
 
 	crc = crc32(UBIFS_CRC32_INIT, buf + 8, node_len - 8);
 	node_crc = le32_to_cpu(ch->crc);
 	if (crc != node_crc) {
 		if (!quiet)
-			ubifs_err("bad CRC: calculated %#08x, read %#08x",
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad CRC: calculated %#08x, read %#08x",
 				  crc, node_crc);
 		err = -EUCLEAN;
 		goto out;
@@ -146,12 +290,12 @@ int ubifs_check_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *buf, int lnum,
 
 out_len:
 	if (!quiet)
-		ubifs_err("bad node length %d", node_len);
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad node length %d", node_len);
 out:
 	if (!quiet) {
-		ubifs_err("bad node at LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
-		dbg_dump_node(c, buf);
-		dbg_dump_stack();
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad node at LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, buf);
+		dump_stack();
 	}
 	return err;
 }
@@ -212,11 +356,11 @@ static unsigned long long next_sqnum(struct ubifs_info *c)
 
 	if (unlikely(sqnum >= SQNUM_WARN_WATERMARK)) {
 		if (sqnum >= SQNUM_WATERMARK) {
-			ubifs_err("sequence number overflow %llu, end of life",
+			ubifs_err(c, "sequence number overflow %llu, end of life",
 				  sqnum);
 			ubifs_ro_mode(c, -EINVAL);
 		}
-		ubifs_warn("running out of sequence numbers, end of life soon");
+		ubifs_warn(c, "running out of sequence numbers, end of life soon");
 	}
 
 	return sqnum;
@@ -257,6 +401,571 @@ void ubifs_prepare_node(struct ubifs_info *c, void *node, int len, int pad)
 }
 
 /**
+ * ubifs_prep_grp_node - prepare node of a group to be written to flash.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @node: the node to pad
+ * @len: node length
+ * @last: indicates the last node of the group
+ *
+ * This function prepares node at @node to be written to the media - it
+ * calculates node CRC and fills the common header.
+ */
+void ubifs_prep_grp_node(struct ubifs_info *c, void *node, int len, int last)
+{
+	uint32_t crc;
+	struct ubifs_ch *ch = node;
+	unsigned long long sqnum = next_sqnum(c);
+
+	ubifs_assert(len >= UBIFS_CH_SZ);
+
+	ch->magic = cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_NODE_MAGIC);
+	ch->len = cpu_to_le32(len);
+	if (last)
+		ch->group_type = UBIFS_LAST_OF_NODE_GROUP;
+	else
+		ch->group_type = UBIFS_IN_NODE_GROUP;
+	ch->sqnum = cpu_to_le64(sqnum);
+	ch->padding[0] = ch->padding[1] = 0;
+	crc = crc32(UBIFS_CRC32_INIT, node + 8, len - 8);
+	ch->crc = cpu_to_le32(crc);
+}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * wbuf_timer_callback - write-buffer timer callback function.
+ * @timer: timer data (write-buffer descriptor)
+ *
+ * This function is called when the write-buffer timer expires.
+ */
+static enum hrtimer_restart wbuf_timer_callback_nolock(struct hrtimer *timer)
+{
+	struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf = container_of(timer, struct ubifs_wbuf, timer);
+
+	dbg_io("jhead %s", dbg_jhead(wbuf->jhead));
+	wbuf->need_sync = 1;
+	wbuf->c->need_wbuf_sync = 1;
+	ubifs_wake_up_bgt(wbuf->c);
+	return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
+}
+
+/**
+ * new_wbuf_timer - start new write-buffer timer.
+ * @wbuf: write-buffer descriptor
+ */
+static void new_wbuf_timer_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf)
+{
+	ubifs_assert(!hrtimer_active(&wbuf->timer));
+
+	if (wbuf->no_timer)
+		return;
+	dbg_io("set timer for jhead %s, %llu-%llu millisecs",
+	       dbg_jhead(wbuf->jhead),
+	       div_u64(ktime_to_ns(wbuf->softlimit), USEC_PER_SEC),
+	       div_u64(ktime_to_ns(wbuf->softlimit) + wbuf->delta,
+		       USEC_PER_SEC));
+	hrtimer_start_range_ns(&wbuf->timer, wbuf->softlimit, wbuf->delta,
+			       HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * cancel_wbuf_timer - cancel write-buffer timer.
+ * @wbuf: write-buffer descriptor
+ */
+static void cancel_wbuf_timer_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf)
+{
+	if (wbuf->no_timer)
+		return;
+	wbuf->need_sync = 0;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	hrtimer_cancel(&wbuf->timer);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock - synchronize write-buffer.
+ * @wbuf: write-buffer to synchronize
+ *
+ * This function synchronizes write-buffer @buf and returns zero in case of
+ * success or a negative error code in case of failure.
+ *
+ * Note, although write-buffers are of @c->max_write_size, this function does
+ * not necessarily writes all @c->max_write_size bytes to the flash. Instead,
+ * if the write-buffer is only partially filled with data, only the used part
+ * of the write-buffer (aligned on @c->min_io_size boundary) is synchronized.
+ * This way we waste less space.
+ */
+int ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = wbuf->c;
+	int err, dirt, sync_len;
+
+	cancel_wbuf_timer_nolock(wbuf);
+	if (!wbuf->used || wbuf->lnum == -1)
+		/* Write-buffer is empty or not seeked */
+		return 0;
+
+	dbg_io("LEB %d:%d, %d bytes, jhead %s",
+	       wbuf->lnum, wbuf->offs, wbuf->used, dbg_jhead(wbuf->jhead));
+	ubifs_assert(!(wbuf->avail & 7));
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->offs + wbuf->size <= c->leb_size);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->size >= c->min_io_size);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->size <= c->max_write_size);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->size % c->min_io_size == 0);
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+	if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs >= c->max_write_size)
+		ubifs_assert(!((wbuf->offs + wbuf->size) % c->max_write_size));
+
+	if (c->ro_error)
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	/*
+	 * Do not write whole write buffer but write only the minimum necessary
+	 * amount of min. I/O units.
+	 */
+	sync_len = ALIGN(wbuf->used, c->min_io_size);
+	dirt = sync_len - wbuf->used;
+	if (dirt)
+		ubifs_pad(c, wbuf->buf + wbuf->used, dirt);
+	err = ubifs_leb_write(c, wbuf->lnum, wbuf->buf, wbuf->offs, sync_len);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	spin_lock(&wbuf->lock);
+	wbuf->offs += sync_len;
+	/*
+	 * Now @wbuf->offs is not necessarily aligned to @c->max_write_size.
+	 * But our goal is to optimize writes and make sure we write in
+	 * @c->max_write_size chunks and to @c->max_write_size-aligned offset.
+	 * Thus, if @wbuf->offs is not aligned to @c->max_write_size now, make
+	 * sure that @wbuf->offs + @wbuf->size is aligned to
+	 * @c->max_write_size. This way we make sure that after next
+	 * write-buffer flush we are again at the optimal offset (aligned to
+	 * @c->max_write_size).
+	 */
+	if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs < c->max_write_size)
+		wbuf->size = c->leb_size - wbuf->offs;
+	else if (wbuf->offs & (c->max_write_size - 1))
+		wbuf->size = ALIGN(wbuf->offs, c->max_write_size) - wbuf->offs;
+	else
+		wbuf->size = c->max_write_size;
+	wbuf->avail = wbuf->size;
+	wbuf->used = 0;
+	wbuf->next_ino = 0;
+	spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+
+	if (wbuf->sync_callback)
+		err = wbuf->sync_callback(c, wbuf->lnum,
+					  c->leb_size - wbuf->offs, dirt);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_wbuf_seek_nolock - seek write-buffer.
+ * @wbuf: write-buffer
+ * @lnum: logical eraseblock number to seek to
+ * @offs: logical eraseblock offset to seek to
+ *
+ * This function targets the write-buffer to logical eraseblock @lnum:@offs.
+ * The write-buffer has to be empty. Returns zero in case of success and a
+ * negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_wbuf_seek_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	const struct ubifs_info *c = wbuf->c;
+
+	dbg_io("LEB %d:%d, jhead %s", lnum, offs, dbg_jhead(wbuf->jhead));
+	ubifs_assert(lnum >= 0 && lnum < c->leb_cnt);
+	ubifs_assert(offs >= 0 && offs <= c->leb_size);
+	ubifs_assert(offs % c->min_io_size == 0 && !(offs & 7));
+	ubifs_assert(lnum != wbuf->lnum);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->used == 0);
+
+	spin_lock(&wbuf->lock);
+	wbuf->lnum = lnum;
+	wbuf->offs = offs;
+	if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs < c->max_write_size)
+		wbuf->size = c->leb_size - wbuf->offs;
+	else if (wbuf->offs & (c->max_write_size - 1))
+		wbuf->size = ALIGN(wbuf->offs, c->max_write_size) - wbuf->offs;
+	else
+		wbuf->size = c->max_write_size;
+	wbuf->avail = wbuf->size;
+	wbuf->used = 0;
+	spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * ubifs_bg_wbufs_sync - synchronize write-buffers.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function is called by background thread to synchronize write-buffers.
+ * Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
+ * failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_bg_wbufs_sync(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, i;
+
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+	if (!c->need_wbuf_sync)
+		return 0;
+	c->need_wbuf_sync = 0;
+
+	if (c->ro_error) {
+		err = -EROFS;
+		goto out_timers;
+	}
+
+	dbg_io("synchronize");
+	for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
+		struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf = &c->jheads[i].wbuf;
+
+		cond_resched();
+
+		/*
+		 * If the mutex is locked then wbuf is being changed, so
+		 * synchronization is not necessary.
+		 */
+		if (mutex_is_locked(&wbuf->io_mutex))
+			continue;
+
+		mutex_lock_nested(&wbuf->io_mutex, wbuf->jhead);
+		if (!wbuf->need_sync) {
+			mutex_unlock(&wbuf->io_mutex);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		err = ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
+		mutex_unlock(&wbuf->io_mutex);
+		if (err) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "cannot sync write-buffer, error %d", err);
+			ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
+			goto out_timers;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_timers:
+	/* Cancel all timers to prevent repeated errors */
+	for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
+		struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf = &c->jheads[i].wbuf;
+
+		mutex_lock_nested(&wbuf->io_mutex, wbuf->jhead);
+		cancel_wbuf_timer_nolock(wbuf);
+		mutex_unlock(&wbuf->io_mutex);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_wbuf_write_nolock - write data to flash via write-buffer.
+ * @wbuf: write-buffer
+ * @buf: node to write
+ * @len: node length
+ *
+ * This function writes data to flash via write-buffer @wbuf. This means that
+ * the last piece of the node won't reach the flash media immediately if it
+ * does not take whole max. write unit (@c->max_write_size). Instead, the node
+ * will sit in RAM until the write-buffer is synchronized (e.g., by timer, or
+ * because more data are appended to the write-buffer).
+ *
+ * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
+ * case of failure. If the node cannot be written because there is no more
+ * space in this logical eraseblock, %-ENOSPC is returned.
+ */
+int ubifs_wbuf_write_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, void *buf, int len)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = wbuf->c;
+	int err, written, n, aligned_len = ALIGN(len, 8);
+
+	dbg_io("%d bytes (%s) to jhead %s wbuf at LEB %d:%d", len,
+	       dbg_ntype(((struct ubifs_ch *)buf)->node_type),
+	       dbg_jhead(wbuf->jhead), wbuf->lnum, wbuf->offs + wbuf->used);
+	ubifs_assert(len > 0 && wbuf->lnum >= 0 && wbuf->lnum < c->leb_cnt);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->offs >= 0 && wbuf->offs % c->min_io_size == 0);
+	ubifs_assert(!(wbuf->offs & 7) && wbuf->offs <= c->leb_size);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->avail > 0 && wbuf->avail <= wbuf->size);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->size >= c->min_io_size);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->size <= c->max_write_size);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->size % c->min_io_size == 0);
+	ubifs_assert(mutex_is_locked(&wbuf->io_mutex));
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+	ubifs_assert(!c->space_fixup);
+	if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs >= c->max_write_size)
+		ubifs_assert(!((wbuf->offs + wbuf->size) % c->max_write_size));
+
+	if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs - wbuf->used < aligned_len) {
+		err = -ENOSPC;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	cancel_wbuf_timer_nolock(wbuf);
+
+	if (c->ro_error)
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	if (aligned_len <= wbuf->avail) {
+		/*
+		 * The node is not very large and fits entirely within
+		 * write-buffer.
+		 */
+		memcpy(wbuf->buf + wbuf->used, buf, len);
+
+		if (aligned_len == wbuf->avail) {
+			dbg_io("flush jhead %s wbuf to LEB %d:%d",
+			       dbg_jhead(wbuf->jhead), wbuf->lnum, wbuf->offs);
+			err = ubifs_leb_write(c, wbuf->lnum, wbuf->buf,
+					      wbuf->offs, wbuf->size);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+
+			spin_lock(&wbuf->lock);
+			wbuf->offs += wbuf->size;
+			if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs >= c->max_write_size)
+				wbuf->size = c->max_write_size;
+			else
+				wbuf->size = c->leb_size - wbuf->offs;
+			wbuf->avail = wbuf->size;
+			wbuf->used = 0;
+			wbuf->next_ino = 0;
+			spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+		} else {
+			spin_lock(&wbuf->lock);
+			wbuf->avail -= aligned_len;
+			wbuf->used += aligned_len;
+			spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+		}
+
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	written = 0;
+
+	if (wbuf->used) {
+		/*
+		 * The node is large enough and does not fit entirely within
+		 * current available space. We have to fill and flush
+		 * write-buffer and switch to the next max. write unit.
+		 */
+		dbg_io("flush jhead %s wbuf to LEB %d:%d",
+		       dbg_jhead(wbuf->jhead), wbuf->lnum, wbuf->offs);
+		memcpy(wbuf->buf + wbuf->used, buf, wbuf->avail);
+		err = ubifs_leb_write(c, wbuf->lnum, wbuf->buf, wbuf->offs,
+				      wbuf->size);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		wbuf->offs += wbuf->size;
+		len -= wbuf->avail;
+		aligned_len -= wbuf->avail;
+		written += wbuf->avail;
+	} else if (wbuf->offs & (c->max_write_size - 1)) {
+		/*
+		 * The write-buffer offset is not aligned to
+		 * @c->max_write_size and @wbuf->size is less than
+		 * @c->max_write_size. Write @wbuf->size bytes to make sure the
+		 * following writes are done in optimal @c->max_write_size
+		 * chunks.
+		 */
+		dbg_io("write %d bytes to LEB %d:%d",
+		       wbuf->size, wbuf->lnum, wbuf->offs);
+		err = ubifs_leb_write(c, wbuf->lnum, buf, wbuf->offs,
+				      wbuf->size);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		wbuf->offs += wbuf->size;
+		len -= wbuf->size;
+		aligned_len -= wbuf->size;
+		written += wbuf->size;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The remaining data may take more whole max. write units, so write the
+	 * remains multiple to max. write unit size directly to the flash media.
+	 * We align node length to 8-byte boundary because we anyway flash wbuf
+	 * if the remaining space is less than 8 bytes.
+	 */
+	n = aligned_len >> c->max_write_shift;
+	if (n) {
+		n <<= c->max_write_shift;
+		dbg_io("write %d bytes to LEB %d:%d", n, wbuf->lnum,
+		       wbuf->offs);
+		err = ubifs_leb_write(c, wbuf->lnum, buf + written,
+				      wbuf->offs, n);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		wbuf->offs += n;
+		aligned_len -= n;
+		len -= n;
+		written += n;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&wbuf->lock);
+	if (aligned_len)
+		/*
+		 * And now we have what's left and what does not take whole
+		 * max. write unit, so write it to the write-buffer and we are
+		 * done.
+		 */
+		memcpy(wbuf->buf, buf + written, len);
+
+	if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs >= c->max_write_size)
+		wbuf->size = c->max_write_size;
+	else
+		wbuf->size = c->leb_size - wbuf->offs;
+	wbuf->avail = wbuf->size - aligned_len;
+	wbuf->used = aligned_len;
+	wbuf->next_ino = 0;
+	spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+
+exit:
+	if (wbuf->sync_callback) {
+		int free = c->leb_size - wbuf->offs - wbuf->used;
+
+		err = wbuf->sync_callback(c, wbuf->lnum, free, 0);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (wbuf->used)
+		new_wbuf_timer_nolock(wbuf);
+
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	ubifs_err(c, "cannot write %d bytes to LEB %d:%d, error %d",
+		  len, wbuf->lnum, wbuf->offs, err);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, buf);
+	dump_stack();
+	ubifs_dump_leb(c, wbuf->lnum);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_write_node - write node to the media.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: the node to write
+ * @len: node length
+ * @lnum: logical eraseblock number
+ * @offs: offset within the logical eraseblock
+ *
+ * This function automatically fills node magic number, assigns sequence
+ * number, and calculates node CRC checksum. The length of the @buf buffer has
+ * to be aligned to the minimal I/O unit size. This function automatically
+ * appends padding node and padding bytes if needed. Returns zero in case of
+ * success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_write_node(struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len, int lnum,
+		     int offs)
+{
+	int err, buf_len = ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size);
+
+	dbg_io("LEB %d:%d, %s, length %d (aligned %d)",
+	       lnum, offs, dbg_ntype(((struct ubifs_ch *)buf)->node_type), len,
+	       buf_len);
+	ubifs_assert(lnum >= 0 && lnum < c->leb_cnt && offs >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(offs % c->min_io_size == 0 && offs < c->leb_size);
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+	ubifs_assert(!c->space_fixup);
+
+	if (c->ro_error)
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	ubifs_prepare_node(c, buf, len, 1);
+	err = ubifs_leb_write(c, lnum, buf, offs, buf_len);
+	if (err)
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, buf);
+
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_read_node_wbuf - read node from the media or write-buffer.
+ * @wbuf: wbuf to check for un-written data
+ * @buf: buffer to read to
+ * @type: node type
+ * @len: node length
+ * @lnum: logical eraseblock number
+ * @offs: offset within the logical eraseblock
+ *
+ * This function reads a node of known type and length, checks it and stores
+ * in @buf. If the node partially or fully sits in the write-buffer, this
+ * function takes data from the buffer, otherwise it reads the flash media.
+ * Returns zero in case of success, %-EUCLEAN if CRC mismatched and a negative
+ * error code in case of failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_read_node_wbuf(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, void *buf, int type, int len,
+			 int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	const struct ubifs_info *c = wbuf->c;
+	int err, rlen, overlap;
+	struct ubifs_ch *ch = buf;
+
+	dbg_io("LEB %d:%d, %s, length %d, jhead %s", lnum, offs,
+	       dbg_ntype(type), len, dbg_jhead(wbuf->jhead));
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf && lnum >= 0 && lnum < c->leb_cnt && offs >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(!(offs & 7) && offs < c->leb_size);
+	ubifs_assert(type >= 0 && type < UBIFS_NODE_TYPES_CNT);
+
+	spin_lock(&wbuf->lock);
+	overlap = (lnum == wbuf->lnum && offs + len > wbuf->offs);
+	if (!overlap) {
+		/* We may safely unlock the write-buffer and read the data */
+		spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+		return ubifs_read_node(c, buf, type, len, lnum, offs);
+	}
+
+	/* Don't read under wbuf */
+	rlen = wbuf->offs - offs;
+	if (rlen < 0)
+		rlen = 0;
+
+	/* Copy the rest from the write-buffer */
+	memcpy(buf + rlen, wbuf->buf + offs + rlen - wbuf->offs, len - rlen);
+	spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+
+	if (rlen > 0) {
+		/* Read everything that goes before write-buffer */
+		err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, offs, rlen, 0);
+		if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	if (type != ch->node_type) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad node type (%d but expected %d)",
+			  ch->node_type, type);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = ubifs_check_node(c, buf, lnum, offs, 0, 0);
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "expected node type %d", type);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	rlen = le32_to_cpu(ch->len);
+	if (rlen != len) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad node length %d, expected %d", rlen, len);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	ubifs_err(c, "bad node at LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, buf);
+	dump_stack();
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/**
  * ubifs_read_node - read node.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @buf: buffer to read to
@@ -281,36 +990,170 @@ int ubifs_read_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int type, int len,
 	ubifs_assert(!(offs & 7) && offs < c->leb_size);
 	ubifs_assert(type >= 0 && type < UBIFS_NODE_TYPES_CNT);
 
-	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, buf, offs, len);
-	if (err && err != -EBADMSG) {
-		ubifs_err("cannot read node %d from LEB %d:%d, error %d",
-			  type, lnum, offs, err);
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, offs, len, 0);
+	if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
 		return err;
-	}
 
 	if (type != ch->node_type) {
-		ubifs_err("bad node type (%d but expected %d)",
-			  ch->node_type, type);
+		ubifs_errc(c, "bad node type (%d but expected %d)",
+			   ch->node_type, type);
 		goto out;
 	}
 
 	err = ubifs_check_node(c, buf, lnum, offs, 0, 0);
 	if (err) {
-		ubifs_err("expected node type %d", type);
+		ubifs_errc(c, "expected node type %d", type);
 		return err;
 	}
 
 	l = le32_to_cpu(ch->len);
 	if (l != len) {
-		ubifs_err("bad node length %d, expected %d", l, len);
+		ubifs_errc(c, "bad node length %d, expected %d", l, len);
 		goto out;
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 
 out:
-	ubifs_err("bad node at LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
-	dbg_dump_node(c, buf);
-	dbg_dump_stack();
+	ubifs_errc(c, "bad node at LEB %d:%d, LEB mapping status %d", lnum,
+		   offs, ubi_is_mapped(c->ubi, lnum));
+	if (!c->probing) {
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, buf);
+		dump_stack();
+	}
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_wbuf_init - initialize write-buffer.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @wbuf: write-buffer to initialize
+ *
+ * This function initializes write-buffer. Returns zero in case of success
+ * %-ENOMEM in case of failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_wbuf_init(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf)
+{
+	size_t size;
+
+	wbuf->buf = kmalloc(c->max_write_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!wbuf->buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	size = (c->max_write_size / UBIFS_CH_SZ + 1) * sizeof(ino_t);
+	wbuf->inodes = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!wbuf->inodes) {
+		kfree(wbuf->buf);
+		wbuf->buf = NULL;
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	wbuf->used = 0;
+	wbuf->lnum = wbuf->offs = -1;
+	/*
+	 * If the LEB starts at the max. write size aligned address, then
+	 * write-buffer size has to be set to @c->max_write_size. Otherwise,
+	 * set it to something smaller so that it ends at the closest max.
+	 * write size boundary.
+	 */
+	size = c->max_write_size - (c->leb_start % c->max_write_size);
+	wbuf->avail = wbuf->size = size;
+	wbuf->sync_callback = NULL;
+	mutex_init(&wbuf->io_mutex);
+	spin_lock_init(&wbuf->lock);
+	wbuf->c = c;
+	wbuf->next_ino = 0;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	hrtimer_init(&wbuf->timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
+	wbuf->timer.function = wbuf_timer_callback_nolock;
+	wbuf->softlimit = ktime_set(WBUF_TIMEOUT_SOFTLIMIT, 0);
+	wbuf->delta = WBUF_TIMEOUT_HARDLIMIT - WBUF_TIMEOUT_SOFTLIMIT;
+	wbuf->delta *= 1000000000ULL;
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->delta <= ULONG_MAX);
+#endif
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_wbuf_add_ino_nolock - add an inode number into the wbuf inode array.
+ * @wbuf: the write-buffer where to add
+ * @inum: the inode number
+ *
+ * This function adds an inode number to the inode array of the write-buffer.
+ */
+void ubifs_wbuf_add_ino_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, ino_t inum)
+{
+	if (!wbuf->buf)
+		/* NOR flash or something similar */
+		return;
+
+	spin_lock(&wbuf->lock);
+	if (wbuf->used)
+		wbuf->inodes[wbuf->next_ino++] = inum;
+	spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * wbuf_has_ino - returns if the wbuf contains data from the inode.
+ * @wbuf: the write-buffer
+ * @inum: the inode number
+ *
+ * This function returns with %1 if the write-buffer contains some data from the
+ * given inode otherwise it returns with %0.
+ */
+static int wbuf_has_ino(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, ino_t inum)
+{
+	int i, ret = 0;
+
+	spin_lock(&wbuf->lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < wbuf->next_ino; i++)
+		if (inum == wbuf->inodes[i]) {
+			ret = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_sync_wbufs_by_inode - synchronize write-buffers for an inode.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @inode: inode to synchronize
+ *
+ * This function synchronizes write-buffers which contain nodes belonging to
+ * @inode. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
+ * failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_sync_wbufs_by_inode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int i, err = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
+		struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf = &c->jheads[i].wbuf;
+
+		if (i == GCHD)
+			/*
+			 * GC head is special, do not look at it. Even if the
+			 * head contains something related to this inode, it is
+			 * a _copy_ of corresponding on-flash node which sits
+			 * somewhere else.
+			 */
+			continue;
+
+		if (!wbuf_has_ino(wbuf, inode->i_ino))
+			continue;
+
+		mutex_lock_nested(&wbuf->io_mutex, wbuf->jhead);
+		if (wbuf_has_ino(wbuf, inode->i_ino))
+			err = ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
+		mutex_unlock(&wbuf->io_mutex);
+
+		if (err) {
+			ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/key.h b/fs/ubifs/key.h
index efb3430a25..b5c4884e30 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/key.h
+++ b/fs/ubifs/key.h
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -229,23 +218,6 @@ static inline void xent_key_init(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 }
 
 /**
- * xent_key_init_hash - initialize extended attribute entry key without
- *                      re-calculating hash function.
- * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @key: key to initialize
- * @inum: host inode number
- * @hash: extended attribute entry name hash
- */
-static inline void xent_key_init_hash(const struct ubifs_info *c,
-				      union ubifs_key *key, ino_t inum,
-				      uint32_t hash)
-{
-	ubifs_assert(!(hash & ~UBIFS_S_KEY_HASH_MASK));
-	key->u32[0] = inum;
-	key->u32[1] = hash | (UBIFS_XENT_KEY << UBIFS_S_KEY_HASH_BITS);
-}
-
-/**
  * xent_key_init_flash - initialize on-flash extended attribute entry key.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @k: key to initialize
@@ -295,22 +267,15 @@ static inline void data_key_init(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 }
 
 /**
- * data_key_init_flash - initialize on-flash data key.
+ * highest_data_key - get the highest possible data key for an inode.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @k: key to initialize
+ * @key: key to initialize
  * @inum: inode number
- * @block: block number
  */
-static inline void data_key_init_flash(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *k,
-				       ino_t inum, unsigned int block)
+static inline void highest_data_key(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+				   union ubifs_key *key, ino_t inum)
 {
-	union ubifs_key *key = k;
-
-	ubifs_assert(!(block & ~UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_MASK));
-	key->j32[0] = cpu_to_le32(inum);
-	key->j32[1] = cpu_to_le32(block |
-				  (UBIFS_DATA_KEY << UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_BITS));
-	memset(k + 8, 0, UBIFS_MAX_KEY_LEN - 8);
+	data_key_init(c, key, inum, UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_MASK);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -330,6 +295,20 @@ static inline void trun_key_init(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 }
 
 /**
+ * invalid_key_init - initialize invalid node key.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @key: key to initialize
+ *
+ * This is a helper function which marks a @key object as invalid.
+ */
+static inline void invalid_key_init(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+				    union ubifs_key *key)
+{
+	key->u32[0] = 0xDEADBEAF;
+	key->u32[1] = UBIFS_INVALID_KEY;
+}
+
+/**
  * key_type - get key type.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @key: key to get type of
@@ -381,8 +360,8 @@ static inline ino_t key_inum_flash(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *k)
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @key: the key to get hash from
  */
-static inline int key_hash(const struct ubifs_info *c,
-			   const union ubifs_key *key)
+static inline uint32_t key_hash(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+				const union ubifs_key *key)
 {
 	return key->u32[1] & UBIFS_S_KEY_HASH_MASK;
 }
@@ -392,7 +371,7 @@ static inline int key_hash(const struct ubifs_info *c,
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @k: the key to get hash from
  */
-static inline int key_hash_flash(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *k)
+static inline uint32_t key_hash_flash(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *k)
 {
 	const union ubifs_key *key = k;
 
@@ -554,4 +533,5 @@ static inline unsigned long long key_max_inode_size(const struct ubifs_info *c)
 		return 0;
 	}
 }
+
 #endif /* !__UBIFS_KEY_H__ */
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/log.c b/fs/ubifs/log.c
index 68a9bd98f8..a07fdef12f 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/log.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/log.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -27,8 +16,13 @@
  * journal.
  */
 
+#ifdef __UBOOT__
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#endif
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
+static int dbg_check_bud_bytes(struct ubifs_info *c);
+
 /**
  * ubifs_search_bud - search bud LEB.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -60,6 +54,61 @@ struct ubifs_bud *ubifs_search_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
 }
 
 /**
+ * ubifs_get_wbuf - get the wbuf associated with a LEB, if there is one.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: logical eraseblock number to search
+ *
+ * This functions returns the wbuf for @lnum or %NULL if there is not one.
+ */
+struct ubifs_wbuf *ubifs_get_wbuf(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	struct rb_node *p;
+	struct ubifs_bud *bud;
+	int jhead;
+
+	if (!c->jheads)
+		return NULL;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->buds_lock);
+	p = c->buds.rb_node;
+	while (p) {
+		bud = rb_entry(p, struct ubifs_bud, rb);
+		if (lnum < bud->lnum)
+			p = p->rb_left;
+		else if (lnum > bud->lnum)
+			p = p->rb_right;
+		else {
+			jhead = bud->jhead;
+			spin_unlock(&c->buds_lock);
+			return &c->jheads[jhead].wbuf;
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&c->buds_lock);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * empty_log_bytes - calculate amount of empty space in the log.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ */
+static inline long long empty_log_bytes(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	long long h, t;
+
+	h = (long long)c->lhead_lnum * c->leb_size + c->lhead_offs;
+	t = (long long)c->ltail_lnum * c->leb_size;
+
+	if (h > t)
+		return c->log_bytes - h + t;
+	else if (h != t)
+		return t - h;
+	else if (c->lhead_lnum != c->ltail_lnum)
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return c->log_bytes;
+}
+
+/**
  * ubifs_add_bud - add bud LEB to the tree of buds and its journal head list.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @bud: the bud to add
@@ -88,7 +137,7 @@ void ubifs_add_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_bud *bud)
 		jhead = &c->jheads[bud->jhead];
 		list_add_tail(&bud->list, &jhead->buds_list);
 	} else
-		ubifs_assert(c->replaying && (c->vfs_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY));
+		ubifs_assert(c->replaying && c->ro_mount);
 
 	/*
 	 * Note, although this is a new bud, we anyway account this space now,
@@ -98,7 +147,599 @@ void ubifs_add_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_bud *bud)
 	 */
 	c->bud_bytes += c->leb_size - bud->start;
 
-	dbg_log("LEB %d:%d, jhead %d, bud_bytes %lld", bud->lnum,
-		bud->start, bud->jhead, c->bud_bytes);
+	dbg_log("LEB %d:%d, jhead %s, bud_bytes %lld", bud->lnum,
+		bud->start, dbg_jhead(bud->jhead), c->bud_bytes);
+	spin_unlock(&c->buds_lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_add_bud_to_log - add a new bud to the log.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @jhead: journal head the bud belongs to
+ * @lnum: LEB number of the bud
+ * @offs: starting offset of the bud
+ *
+ * This function writes reference node for the new bud LEB @lnum it to the log,
+ * and adds it to the buds tress. It also makes sure that log size does not
+ * exceed the 'c->max_bud_bytes' limit. Returns zero in case of success,
+ * %-EAGAIN if commit is required, and a negative error codes in case of
+ * failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_add_bud_to_log(struct ubifs_info *c, int jhead, int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ubifs_bud *bud;
+	struct ubifs_ref_node *ref;
+
+	bud = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_bud), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!bud)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	ref = kzalloc(c->ref_node_alsz, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!ref) {
+		kfree(bud);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->log_mutex);
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+	if (c->ro_error) {
+		err = -EROFS;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	/* Make sure we have enough space in the log */
+	if (empty_log_bytes(c) - c->ref_node_alsz < c->min_log_bytes) {
+		dbg_log("not enough log space - %lld, required %d",
+			empty_log_bytes(c), c->min_log_bytes);
+		ubifs_commit_required(c);
+		err = -EAGAIN;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure the amount of space in buds will not exceed the
+	 * 'c->max_bud_bytes' limit, because we want to guarantee mount time
+	 * limits.
+	 *
+	 * It is not necessary to hold @c->buds_lock when reading @c->bud_bytes
+	 * because we are holding @c->log_mutex. All @c->bud_bytes take place
+	 * when both @c->log_mutex and @c->bud_bytes are locked.
+	 */
+	if (c->bud_bytes + c->leb_size - offs > c->max_bud_bytes) {
+		dbg_log("bud bytes %lld (%lld max), require commit",
+			c->bud_bytes, c->max_bud_bytes);
+		ubifs_commit_required(c);
+		err = -EAGAIN;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the journal is full enough - start background commit. Note, it is
+	 * OK to read 'c->cmt_state' without spinlock because integer reads
+	 * are atomic in the kernel.
+	 */
+	if (c->bud_bytes >= c->bg_bud_bytes &&
+	    c->cmt_state == COMMIT_RESTING) {
+		dbg_log("bud bytes %lld (%lld max), initiate BG commit",
+			c->bud_bytes, c->max_bud_bytes);
+		ubifs_request_bg_commit(c);
+	}
+
+	bud->lnum = lnum;
+	bud->start = offs;
+	bud->jhead = jhead;
+
+	ref->ch.node_type = UBIFS_REF_NODE;
+	ref->lnum = cpu_to_le32(bud->lnum);
+	ref->offs = cpu_to_le32(bud->start);
+	ref->jhead = cpu_to_le32(jhead);
+
+	if (c->lhead_offs > c->leb_size - c->ref_node_alsz) {
+		c->lhead_lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
+		ubifs_assert(c->lhead_lnum != c->ltail_lnum);
+		c->lhead_offs = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (c->lhead_offs == 0) {
+		/* Must ensure next log LEB has been unmapped */
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, c->lhead_lnum);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (bud->start == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * Before writing the LEB reference which refers an empty LEB
+		 * to the log, we have to make sure it is mapped, because
+		 * otherwise we'd risk to refer an LEB with garbage in case of
+		 * an unclean reboot, because the target LEB might have been
+		 * unmapped, but not yet physically erased.
+		 */
+		err = ubifs_leb_map(c, bud->lnum);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	dbg_log("write ref LEB %d:%d",
+		c->lhead_lnum, c->lhead_offs);
+	err = ubifs_write_node(c, ref, UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ, c->lhead_lnum,
+			       c->lhead_offs);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	c->lhead_offs += c->ref_node_alsz;
+
+	ubifs_add_bud(c, bud);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&c->log_mutex);
+	kfree(ref);
+	return 0;
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&c->log_mutex);
+	kfree(ref);
+	kfree(bud);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * remove_buds - remove used buds.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function removes use buds from the buds tree. It does not remove the
+ * buds which are pointed to by journal heads.
+ */
+static void remove_buds(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct rb_node *p;
+
+	ubifs_assert(list_empty(&c->old_buds));
+	c->cmt_bud_bytes = 0;
+	spin_lock(&c->buds_lock);
+	p = rb_first(&c->buds);
+	while (p) {
+		struct rb_node *p1 = p;
+		struct ubifs_bud *bud;
+		struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf;
+
+		p = rb_next(p);
+		bud = rb_entry(p1, struct ubifs_bud, rb);
+		wbuf = &c->jheads[bud->jhead].wbuf;
+
+		if (wbuf->lnum == bud->lnum) {
+			/*
+			 * Do not remove buds which are pointed to by journal
+			 * heads (non-closed buds).
+			 */
+			c->cmt_bud_bytes += wbuf->offs - bud->start;
+			dbg_log("preserve %d:%d, jhead %s, bud bytes %d, cmt_bud_bytes %lld",
+				bud->lnum, bud->start, dbg_jhead(bud->jhead),
+				wbuf->offs - bud->start, c->cmt_bud_bytes);
+			bud->start = wbuf->offs;
+		} else {
+			c->cmt_bud_bytes += c->leb_size - bud->start;
+			dbg_log("remove %d:%d, jhead %s, bud bytes %d, cmt_bud_bytes %lld",
+				bud->lnum, bud->start, dbg_jhead(bud->jhead),
+				c->leb_size - bud->start, c->cmt_bud_bytes);
+			rb_erase(p1, &c->buds);
+			/*
+			 * If the commit does not finish, the recovery will need
+			 * to replay the journal, in which case the old buds
+			 * must be unchanged. Do not release them until post
+			 * commit i.e. do not allow them to be garbage
+			 * collected.
+			 */
+			list_move(&bud->list, &c->old_buds);
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&c->buds_lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_log_start_commit - start commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @ltail_lnum: return new log tail LEB number
+ *
+ * The commit operation starts with writing "commit start" node to the log and
+ * reference nodes for all journal heads which will define new journal after
+ * the commit has been finished. The commit start and reference nodes are
+ * written in one go to the nearest empty log LEB (hence, when commit is
+ * finished UBIFS may safely unmap all the previous log LEBs). This function
+ * returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
+ * failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_log_start_commit(struct ubifs_info *c, int *ltail_lnum)
+{
+	void *buf;
+	struct ubifs_cs_node *cs;
+	struct ubifs_ref_node *ref;
+	int err, i, max_len, len;
+
+	err = dbg_check_bud_bytes(c);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	max_len = UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ + c->jhead_cnt * UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ;
+	max_len = ALIGN(max_len, c->min_io_size);
+	buf = cs = kmalloc(max_len, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	cs->ch.node_type = UBIFS_CS_NODE;
+	cs->cmt_no = cpu_to_le64(c->cmt_no);
+	ubifs_prepare_node(c, cs, UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Note, we do not lock 'c->log_mutex' because this is the commit start
+	 * phase and we are exclusively using the log. And we do not lock
+	 * write-buffer because nobody can write to the file-system at this
+	 * phase.
+	 */
+
+	len = UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ;
+	for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
+		int lnum = c->jheads[i].wbuf.lnum;
+		int offs = c->jheads[i].wbuf.offs;
+
+		if (lnum == -1 || offs == c->leb_size)
+			continue;
+
+		dbg_log("add ref to LEB %d:%d for jhead %s",
+			lnum, offs, dbg_jhead(i));
+		ref = buf + len;
+		ref->ch.node_type = UBIFS_REF_NODE;
+		ref->lnum = cpu_to_le32(lnum);
+		ref->offs = cpu_to_le32(offs);
+		ref->jhead = cpu_to_le32(i);
+
+		ubifs_prepare_node(c, ref, UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ, 0);
+		len += UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ;
+	}
+
+	ubifs_pad(c, buf + len, ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size) - len);
+
+	/* Switch to the next log LEB */
+	if (c->lhead_offs) {
+		c->lhead_lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
+		ubifs_assert(c->lhead_lnum != c->ltail_lnum);
+		c->lhead_offs = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Must ensure next LEB has been unmapped */
+	err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, c->lhead_lnum);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	len = ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size);
+	dbg_log("writing commit start at LEB %d:0, len %d", c->lhead_lnum, len);
+	err = ubifs_leb_write(c, c->lhead_lnum, cs, 0, len);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	*ltail_lnum = c->lhead_lnum;
+
+	c->lhead_offs += len;
+	if (c->lhead_offs == c->leb_size) {
+		c->lhead_lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
+		c->lhead_offs = 0;
+	}
+
+	remove_buds(c);
+
+	/*
+	 * We have started the commit and now users may use the rest of the log
+	 * for new writes.
+	 */
+	c->min_log_bytes = 0;
+
+out:
+	kfree(buf);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_log_end_commit - end commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @ltail_lnum: new log tail LEB number
+ *
+ * This function is called on when the commit operation was finished. It
+ * moves log tail to new position and updates the master node so that it stores
+ * the new log tail LEB number. Returns zero in case of success and a negative
+ * error code in case of failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_log_end_commit(struct ubifs_info *c, int ltail_lnum)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	/*
+	 * At this phase we have to lock 'c->log_mutex' because UBIFS allows FS
+	 * writes during commit. Its only short "commit" start phase when
+	 * writers are blocked.
+	 */
+	mutex_lock(&c->log_mutex);
+
+	dbg_log("old tail was LEB %d:0, new tail is LEB %d:0",
+		c->ltail_lnum, ltail_lnum);
+
+	c->ltail_lnum = ltail_lnum;
+	/*
+	 * The commit is finished and from now on it must be guaranteed that
+	 * there is always enough space for the next commit.
+	 */
+	c->min_log_bytes = c->leb_size;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->buds_lock);
+	c->bud_bytes -= c->cmt_bud_bytes;
+	spin_unlock(&c->buds_lock);
+
+	err = dbg_check_bud_bytes(c);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = ubifs_write_master(c);
+
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&c->log_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_log_post_commit - things to do after commit is completed.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @old_ltail_lnum: old log tail LEB number
+ *
+ * Release buds only after commit is completed, because they must be unchanged
+ * if recovery is needed.
+ *
+ * Unmap log LEBs only after commit is completed, because they may be needed for
+ * recovery.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_log_post_commit(struct ubifs_info *c, int old_ltail_lnum)
+{
+	int lnum, err = 0;
+
+	while (!list_empty(&c->old_buds)) {
+		struct ubifs_bud *bud;
+
+		bud = list_entry(c->old_buds.next, struct ubifs_bud, list);
+		err = ubifs_return_leb(c, bud->lnum);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		list_del(&bud->list);
+		kfree(bud);
+	}
+	mutex_lock(&c->log_mutex);
+	for (lnum = old_ltail_lnum; lnum != c->ltail_lnum;
+	     lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, lnum)) {
+		dbg_log("unmap log LEB %d", lnum);
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&c->log_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * struct done_ref - references that have been done.
+ * @rb: rb-tree node
+ * @lnum: LEB number
+ */
+struct done_ref {
+	struct rb_node rb;
+	int lnum;
+};
+
+/**
+ * done_already - determine if a reference has been done already.
+ * @done_tree: rb-tree to store references that have been done
+ * @lnum: LEB number of reference
+ *
+ * This function returns %1 if the reference has been done, %0 if not, otherwise
+ * a negative error code is returned.
+ */
+static int done_already(struct rb_root *done_tree, int lnum)
+{
+	struct rb_node **p = &done_tree->rb_node, *parent = NULL;
+	struct done_ref *dr;
+
+	while (*p) {
+		parent = *p;
+		dr = rb_entry(parent, struct done_ref, rb);
+		if (lnum < dr->lnum)
+			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
+		else if (lnum > dr->lnum)
+			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
+		else
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	dr = kzalloc(sizeof(struct done_ref), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!dr)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	dr->lnum = lnum;
+
+	rb_link_node(&dr->rb, parent, p);
+	rb_insert_color(&dr->rb, done_tree);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * destroy_done_tree - destroy the done tree.
+ * @done_tree: done tree to destroy
+ */
+static void destroy_done_tree(struct rb_root *done_tree)
+{
+	struct done_ref *dr, *n;
+
+	rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(dr, n, done_tree, rb)
+		kfree(dr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * add_node - add a node to the consolidated log.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: buffer to which to add
+ * @lnum: LEB number to which to write is passed and returned here
+ * @offs: offset to where to write is passed and returned here
+ * @node: node to add
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int add_node(struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int *lnum, int *offs,
+		    void *node)
+{
+	struct ubifs_ch *ch = node;
+	int len = le32_to_cpu(ch->len), remains = c->leb_size - *offs;
+
+	if (len > remains) {
+		int sz = ALIGN(*offs, c->min_io_size), err;
+
+		ubifs_pad(c, buf + *offs, sz - *offs);
+		err = ubifs_leb_change(c, *lnum, buf, sz);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		*lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, *lnum);
+		*offs = 0;
+	}
+	memcpy(buf + *offs, node, len);
+	*offs += ALIGN(len, 8);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_consolidate_log - consolidate the log.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * Repeated failed commits could cause the log to be full, but at least 1 LEB is
+ * needed for commit. This function rewrites the reference nodes in the log
+ * omitting duplicates, and failed CS nodes, and leaving no gaps.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_consolidate_log(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
+	struct rb_root done_tree = RB_ROOT;
+	int lnum, err, first = 1, write_lnum, offs = 0;
+	void *buf;
+
+	dbg_rcvry("log tail LEB %d, log head LEB %d", c->ltail_lnum,
+		  c->lhead_lnum);
+	buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	lnum = c->ltail_lnum;
+	write_lnum = lnum;
+	while (1) {
+		sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(sleb)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(sleb);
+			goto out_free;
+		}
+		list_for_each_entry(snod, &sleb->nodes, list) {
+			switch (snod->type) {
+			case UBIFS_REF_NODE: {
+				struct ubifs_ref_node *ref = snod->node;
+				int ref_lnum = le32_to_cpu(ref->lnum);
+
+				err = done_already(&done_tree, ref_lnum);
+				if (err < 0)
+					goto out_scan;
+				if (err != 1) {
+					err = add_node(c, buf, &write_lnum,
+						       &offs, snod->node);
+					if (err)
+						goto out_scan;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			case UBIFS_CS_NODE:
+				if (!first)
+					break;
+				err = add_node(c, buf, &write_lnum, &offs,
+					       snod->node);
+				if (err)
+					goto out_scan;
+				first = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
+		if (lnum == c->lhead_lnum)
+			break;
+		lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, lnum);
+	}
+	if (offs) {
+		int sz = ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size);
+
+		ubifs_pad(c, buf + offs, sz - offs);
+		err = ubifs_leb_change(c, write_lnum, buf, sz);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_free;
+		offs = ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size);
+	}
+	destroy_done_tree(&done_tree);
+	vfree(buf);
+	if (write_lnum == c->lhead_lnum) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "log is too full");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	/* Unmap remaining LEBs */
+	lnum = write_lnum;
+	do {
+		lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, lnum);
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	} while (lnum != c->lhead_lnum);
+	c->lhead_lnum = write_lnum;
+	c->lhead_offs = offs;
+	dbg_rcvry("new log head at %d:%d", c->lhead_lnum, c->lhead_offs);
+	return 0;
+
+out_scan:
+	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
+out_free:
+	destroy_done_tree(&done_tree);
+	vfree(buf);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_bud_bytes - make sure bud bytes calculation are all right.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function makes sure the amount of flash space used by closed buds
+ * ('c->bud_bytes' is correct). Returns zero in case of success and %-EINVAL in
+ * case of failure.
+ */
+static int dbg_check_bud_bytes(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int i, err = 0;
+	struct ubifs_bud *bud;
+	long long bud_bytes = 0;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_gen(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->buds_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++)
+		list_for_each_entry(bud, &c->jheads[i].buds_list, list)
+			bud_bytes += c->leb_size - bud->start;
+
+	if (c->bud_bytes != bud_bytes) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad bud_bytes %lld, calculated %lld",
+			  c->bud_bytes, bud_bytes);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
 	spin_unlock(&c->buds_lock);
+
+	return err;
 }
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/lprops.c b/fs/ubifs/lprops.c
index 8ce4949fcf..28a1d3d9e1 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/lprops.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/lprops.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Adrian Hunter
  *          Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
@@ -28,6 +17,9 @@
  * an empty LEB for the journal, or a very dirty LEB for garbage collection.
  */
 
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#endif
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
 /**
@@ -281,7 +273,7 @@ void ubifs_add_to_cat(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *lprops,
 	case LPROPS_FREE:
 		if (add_to_lpt_heap(c, lprops, cat))
 			break;
-		/* No more room on heap so make it uncategorized */
+		/* No more room on heap so make it un-categorized */
 		cat = LPROPS_UNCAT;
 		/* Fall through */
 	case LPROPS_UNCAT:
@@ -300,8 +292,11 @@ void ubifs_add_to_cat(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *lprops,
 	default:
 		ubifs_assert(0);
 	}
+
 	lprops->flags &= ~LPROPS_CAT_MASK;
 	lprops->flags |= cat;
+	c->in_a_category_cnt += 1;
+	ubifs_assert(c->in_a_category_cnt <= c->main_lebs);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -334,6 +329,9 @@ static void ubifs_remove_from_cat(struct ubifs_info *c,
 	default:
 		ubifs_assert(0);
 	}
+
+	c->in_a_category_cnt -= 1;
+	ubifs_assert(c->in_a_category_cnt >= 0);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -375,8 +373,8 @@ void ubifs_replace_cat(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *old_lprops,
  * @lprops: LEB properties
  *
  * A LEB may have fallen off of the bottom of a heap, and ended up as
- * uncategorized even though it has enough space for us now. If that is the case
- * this function will put the LEB back onto a heap.
+ * un-categorized even though it has enough space for us now. If that is the
+ * case this function will put the LEB back onto a heap.
  */
 void ubifs_ensure_cat(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *lprops)
 {
@@ -436,10 +434,10 @@ int ubifs_categorize_lprops(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 /**
  * change_category - change LEB properties category.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @lprops: LEB properties to recategorize
+ * @lprops: LEB properties to re-categorize
  *
  * LEB properties are categorized to enable fast find operations. When the LEB
- * properties change they must be recategorized.
+ * properties change they must be re-categorized.
  */
 static void change_category(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *lprops)
 {
@@ -447,7 +445,7 @@ static void change_category(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *lprops)
 	int new_cat = ubifs_categorize_lprops(c, lprops);
 
 	if (old_cat == new_cat) {
-		struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap = &c->lpt_heap[new_cat - 1];
+		struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap;
 
 		/* lprops on a heap now must be moved up or down */
 		if (new_cat < 1 || new_cat > LPROPS_HEAP_CNT)
@@ -461,21 +459,18 @@ static void change_category(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *lprops)
 }
 
 /**
- * calc_dark - calculate LEB dark space size.
+ * ubifs_calc_dark - calculate LEB dark space size.
  * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
  * @spc: amount of free and dirty space in the LEB
  *
- * This function calculates amount of dark space in an LEB which has @spc bytes
- * of free and dirty space. Returns the calculations result.
+ * This function calculates and returns amount of dark space in an LEB which
+ * has @spc bytes of free and dirty space.
  *
- * Dark space is the space which is not always usable - it depends on which
- * nodes are written in which order. E.g., if an LEB has only 512 free bytes,
- * it is dark space, because it cannot fit a large data node. So UBIFS cannot
- * count on this LEB and treat these 512 bytes as usable because it is not true
- * if, for example, only big chunks of uncompressible data will be written to
- * the FS.
+ * UBIFS is trying to account the space which might not be usable, and this
+ * space is called "dark space". For example, if an LEB has only %512 free
+ * bytes, it is dark space, because it cannot fit a large data node.
  */
-static int calc_dark(struct ubifs_info *c, int spc)
+int ubifs_calc_dark(const struct ubifs_info *c, int spc)
 {
 	ubifs_assert(!(spc & 7));
 
@@ -507,7 +502,7 @@ static int is_lprops_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *lprops)
 	pnode = (struct ubifs_pnode *)container_of(lprops - pos,
 						   struct ubifs_pnode,
 						   lprops[0]);
-	return !test_bit(COW_ZNODE, &pnode->flags) &&
+	return !test_bit(COW_CNODE, &pnode->flags) &&
 	       test_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &pnode->flags);
 }
 
@@ -518,7 +513,7 @@ static int is_lprops_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *lprops)
  * @free: new free space amount
  * @dirty: new dirty space amount
  * @flags: new flags
- * @idx_gc_cnt: change to the count of idx_gc list
+ * @idx_gc_cnt: change to the count of @idx_gc list
  *
  * This function changes LEB properties (@free, @dirty or @flag). However, the
  * property which has the %LPROPS_NC value is not changed. Returns a pointer to
@@ -535,7 +530,7 @@ const struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_change_lp(struct ubifs_info *c,
 {
 	/*
 	 * This is the only function that is allowed to change lprops, so we
-	 * discard the const qualifier.
+	 * discard the "const" qualifier.
 	 */
 	struct ubifs_lprops *lprops = (struct ubifs_lprops *)lp;
 
@@ -575,7 +570,7 @@ const struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_change_lp(struct ubifs_info *c,
 		if (old_spc < c->dead_wm)
 			c->lst.total_dead -= old_spc;
 		else
-			c->lst.total_dark -= calc_dark(c, old_spc);
+			c->lst.total_dark -= ubifs_calc_dark(c, old_spc);
 
 		c->lst.total_used -= c->leb_size - old_spc;
 	}
@@ -616,7 +611,7 @@ const struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_change_lp(struct ubifs_info *c,
 		if (new_spc < c->dead_wm)
 			c->lst.total_dead += new_spc;
 		else
-			c->lst.total_dark += calc_dark(c, new_spc);
+			c->lst.total_dark += ubifs_calc_dark(c, new_spc);
 
 		c->lst.total_used += c->leb_size - new_spc;
 	}
@@ -678,6 +673,9 @@ int ubifs_change_one_lp(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int free, int dirty,
 
 out:
 	ubifs_release_lprops(c);
+	if (err)
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot change properties of LEB %d, error %d",
+			  lnum, err);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -714,6 +712,9 @@ int ubifs_update_one_lp(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int free, int dirty,
 
 out:
 	ubifs_release_lprops(c);
+	if (err)
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot update properties of LEB %d, error %d",
+			  lnum, err);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -737,6 +738,8 @@ int ubifs_read_one_lp(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, struct ubifs_lprops *lp)
 	lpp = ubifs_lpt_lookup(c, lnum);
 	if (IS_ERR(lpp)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(lpp);
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot read properties of LEB %d, error %d",
+			  lnum, err);
 		goto out;
 	}
 
@@ -840,3 +843,471 @@ const struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_fast_find_frdi_idx(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	ubifs_assert(lprops->free + lprops->dirty == c->leb_size);
 	return lprops;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Everything below is related to debugging.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_cats - check category heaps and lists.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int dbg_check_cats(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_lprops *lprops;
+	struct list_head *pos;
+	int i, cat;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_gen(c) && !dbg_is_chk_lprops(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->empty_list, list) {
+		if (lprops->free != c->leb_size) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "non-empty LEB %d on empty list (free %d dirty %d flags %d)",
+				  lprops->lnum, lprops->free, lprops->dirty,
+				  lprops->flags);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (lprops->flags & LPROPS_TAKEN) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "taken LEB %d on empty list (free %d dirty %d flags %d)",
+				  lprops->lnum, lprops->free, lprops->dirty,
+				  lprops->flags);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	i = 0;
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->freeable_list, list) {
+		if (lprops->free + lprops->dirty != c->leb_size) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "non-freeable LEB %d on freeable list (free %d dirty %d flags %d)",
+				  lprops->lnum, lprops->free, lprops->dirty,
+				  lprops->flags);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (lprops->flags & LPROPS_TAKEN) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "taken LEB %d on freeable list (free %d dirty %d flags %d)",
+				  lprops->lnum, lprops->free, lprops->dirty,
+				  lprops->flags);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		i += 1;
+	}
+	if (i != c->freeable_cnt) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "freeable list count %d expected %d", i,
+			  c->freeable_cnt);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	i = 0;
+	list_for_each(pos, &c->idx_gc)
+		i += 1;
+	if (i != c->idx_gc_cnt) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "idx_gc list count %d expected %d", i,
+			  c->idx_gc_cnt);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->frdi_idx_list, list) {
+		if (lprops->free + lprops->dirty != c->leb_size) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "non-freeable LEB %d on frdi_idx list (free %d dirty %d flags %d)",
+				  lprops->lnum, lprops->free, lprops->dirty,
+				  lprops->flags);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (lprops->flags & LPROPS_TAKEN) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "taken LEB %d on frdi_idx list (free %d dirty %d flags %d)",
+				  lprops->lnum, lprops->free, lprops->dirty,
+				  lprops->flags);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (!(lprops->flags & LPROPS_INDEX)) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "non-index LEB %d on frdi_idx list (free %d dirty %d flags %d)",
+				  lprops->lnum, lprops->free, lprops->dirty,
+				  lprops->flags);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (cat = 1; cat <= LPROPS_HEAP_CNT; cat++) {
+		struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap = &c->lpt_heap[cat - 1];
+
+		for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++) {
+			lprops = heap->arr[i];
+			if (!lprops) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "null ptr in LPT heap cat %d", cat);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			if (lprops->hpos != i) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "bad ptr in LPT heap cat %d", cat);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			if (lprops->flags & LPROPS_TAKEN) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "taken LEB in LPT heap cat %d", cat);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void dbg_check_heap(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap, int cat,
+		    int add_pos)
+{
+	int i = 0, j, err = 0;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_gen(c) && !dbg_is_chk_lprops(c))
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++) {
+		struct ubifs_lprops *lprops = heap->arr[i];
+		struct ubifs_lprops *lp;
+
+		if (i != add_pos)
+			if ((lprops->flags & LPROPS_CAT_MASK) != cat) {
+				err = 1;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		if (lprops->hpos != i) {
+			err = 2;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		lp = ubifs_lpt_lookup(c, lprops->lnum);
+		if (IS_ERR(lp)) {
+			err = 3;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (lprops != lp) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "lprops %zx lp %zx lprops->lnum %d lp->lnum %d",
+				  (size_t)lprops, (size_t)lp, lprops->lnum,
+				  lp->lnum);
+			err = 4;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+			lp = heap->arr[j];
+			if (lp == lprops) {
+				err = 5;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			if (lp->lnum == lprops->lnum) {
+				err = 6;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+out:
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "failed cat %d hpos %d err %d", cat, i, err);
+		dump_stack();
+		ubifs_dump_heap(c, heap, cat);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * scan_check_cb - scan callback.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lp: LEB properties to scan
+ * @in_tree: whether the LEB properties are in main memory
+ * @lst: lprops statistics to update
+ *
+ * This function returns a code that indicates whether the scan should continue
+ * (%LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE), whether the LEB properties should be added to the tree
+ * in main memory (%LPT_SCAN_ADD), or whether the scan should stop
+ * (%LPT_SCAN_STOP).
+ */
+static int scan_check_cb(struct ubifs_info *c,
+			 const struct ubifs_lprops *lp, int in_tree,
+			 struct ubifs_lp_stats *lst)
+{
+	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
+	int cat, lnum = lp->lnum, is_idx = 0, used = 0, free, dirty, ret;
+	void *buf = NULL;
+
+	cat = lp->flags & LPROPS_CAT_MASK;
+	if (cat != LPROPS_UNCAT) {
+		cat = ubifs_categorize_lprops(c, lp);
+		if (cat != (lp->flags & LPROPS_CAT_MASK)) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad LEB category %d expected %d",
+				  (lp->flags & LPROPS_CAT_MASK), cat);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Check lp is on its category list (if it has one) */
+	if (in_tree) {
+		struct list_head *list = NULL;
+
+		switch (cat) {
+		case LPROPS_EMPTY:
+			list = &c->empty_list;
+			break;
+		case LPROPS_FREEABLE:
+			list = &c->freeable_list;
+			break;
+		case LPROPS_FRDI_IDX:
+			list = &c->frdi_idx_list;
+			break;
+		case LPROPS_UNCAT:
+			list = &c->uncat_list;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (list) {
+			struct ubifs_lprops *lprops;
+			int found = 0;
+
+			list_for_each_entry(lprops, list, list) {
+				if (lprops == lp) {
+					found = 1;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (!found) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "bad LPT list (category %d)", cat);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Check lp is on its category heap (if it has one) */
+	if (in_tree && cat > 0 && cat <= LPROPS_HEAP_CNT) {
+		struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap = &c->lpt_heap[cat - 1];
+
+		if ((lp->hpos != -1 && heap->arr[lp->hpos]->lnum != lnum) ||
+		    lp != heap->arr[lp->hpos]) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad LPT heap (category %d)", cat);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	buf = __vmalloc(c->leb_size, GFP_NOFS, PAGE_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/*
+	 * After an unclean unmount, empty and freeable LEBs
+	 * may contain garbage - do not scan them.
+	 */
+	if (lp->free == c->leb_size) {
+		lst->empty_lebs += 1;
+		lst->total_free += c->leb_size;
+		lst->total_dark += ubifs_calc_dark(c, c->leb_size);
+		return LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE;
+	}
+	if (lp->free + lp->dirty == c->leb_size &&
+	    !(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX)) {
+		lst->total_free  += lp->free;
+		lst->total_dirty += lp->dirty;
+		lst->total_dark  +=  ubifs_calc_dark(c, c->leb_size);
+		return LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE;
+	}
+
+	sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, buf, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(sleb)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(sleb);
+		if (ret == -EUCLEAN) {
+			ubifs_dump_lprops(c);
+			ubifs_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	is_idx = -1;
+	list_for_each_entry(snod, &sleb->nodes, list) {
+		int found, level = 0;
+
+		cond_resched();
+
+		if (is_idx == -1)
+			is_idx = (snod->type == UBIFS_IDX_NODE) ? 1 : 0;
+
+		if (is_idx && snod->type != UBIFS_IDX_NODE) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "indexing node in data LEB %d:%d",
+				  lnum, snod->offs);
+			goto out_destroy;
+		}
+
+		if (snod->type == UBIFS_IDX_NODE) {
+			struct ubifs_idx_node *idx = snod->node;
+
+			key_read(c, ubifs_idx_key(c, idx), &snod->key);
+			level = le16_to_cpu(idx->level);
+		}
+
+		found = ubifs_tnc_has_node(c, &snod->key, level, lnum,
+					   snod->offs, is_idx);
+		if (found) {
+			if (found < 0)
+				goto out_destroy;
+			used += ALIGN(snod->len, 8);
+		}
+	}
+
+	free = c->leb_size - sleb->endpt;
+	dirty = sleb->endpt - used;
+
+	if (free > c->leb_size || free < 0 || dirty > c->leb_size ||
+	    dirty < 0) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad calculated accounting for LEB %d: free %d, dirty %d",
+			  lnum, free, dirty);
+		goto out_destroy;
+	}
+
+	if (lp->free + lp->dirty == c->leb_size &&
+	    free + dirty == c->leb_size)
+		if ((is_idx && !(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX)) ||
+		    (!is_idx && free == c->leb_size) ||
+		    lp->free == c->leb_size) {
+			/*
+			 * Empty or freeable LEBs could contain index
+			 * nodes from an uncompleted commit due to an
+			 * unclean unmount. Or they could be empty for
+			 * the same reason. Or it may simply not have been
+			 * unmapped.
+			 */
+			free = lp->free;
+			dirty = lp->dirty;
+			is_idx = 0;
+		    }
+
+	if (is_idx && lp->free + lp->dirty == free + dirty &&
+	    lnum != c->ihead_lnum) {
+		/*
+		 * After an unclean unmount, an index LEB could have a different
+		 * amount of free space than the value recorded by lprops. That
+		 * is because the in-the-gaps method may use free space or
+		 * create free space (as a side-effect of using ubi_leb_change
+		 * and not writing the whole LEB). The incorrect free space
+		 * value is not a problem because the index is only ever
+		 * allocated empty LEBs, so there will never be an attempt to
+		 * write to the free space at the end of an index LEB - except
+		 * by the in-the-gaps method for which it is not a problem.
+		 */
+		free = lp->free;
+		dirty = lp->dirty;
+	}
+
+	if (lp->free != free || lp->dirty != dirty)
+		goto out_print;
+
+	if (is_idx && !(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX)) {
+		if (free == c->leb_size)
+			/* Free but not unmapped LEB, it's fine */
+			is_idx = 0;
+		else {
+			ubifs_err(c, "indexing node without indexing flag");
+			goto out_print;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!is_idx && (lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX)) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "data node with indexing flag");
+		goto out_print;
+	}
+
+	if (free == c->leb_size)
+		lst->empty_lebs += 1;
+
+	if (is_idx)
+		lst->idx_lebs += 1;
+
+	if (!(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX))
+		lst->total_used += c->leb_size - free - dirty;
+	lst->total_free += free;
+	lst->total_dirty += dirty;
+
+	if (!(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX)) {
+		int spc = free + dirty;
+
+		if (spc < c->dead_wm)
+			lst->total_dead += spc;
+		else
+			lst->total_dark += ubifs_calc_dark(c, spc);
+	}
+
+	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
+	vfree(buf);
+	return LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE;
+
+out_print:
+	ubifs_err(c, "bad accounting of LEB %d: free %d, dirty %d flags %#x, should be free %d, dirty %d",
+		  lnum, lp->free, lp->dirty, lp->flags, free, dirty);
+	ubifs_dump_leb(c, lnum);
+out_destroy:
+	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
+	ret = -EINVAL;
+out:
+	vfree(buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_lprops - check all LEB properties.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function checks all LEB properties and makes sure they are all correct.
+ * It returns zero if everything is fine, %-EINVAL if there is an inconsistency
+ * and other negative error codes in case of other errors. This function is
+ * called while the file system is locked (because of commit start), so no
+ * additional locking is required. Note that locking the LPT mutex would cause
+ * a circular lock dependency with the TNC mutex.
+ */
+int dbg_check_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int i, err;
+	struct ubifs_lp_stats lst;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_lprops(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * As we are going to scan the media, the write buffers have to be
+	 * synchronized.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
+		err = ubifs_wbuf_sync(&c->jheads[i].wbuf);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	memset(&lst, 0, sizeof(struct ubifs_lp_stats));
+	err = ubifs_lpt_scan_nolock(c, c->main_first, c->leb_cnt - 1,
+				    (ubifs_lpt_scan_callback)scan_check_cb,
+				    &lst);
+	if (err && err != -ENOSPC)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (lst.empty_lebs != c->lst.empty_lebs ||
+	    lst.idx_lebs != c->lst.idx_lebs ||
+	    lst.total_free != c->lst.total_free ||
+	    lst.total_dirty != c->lst.total_dirty ||
+	    lst.total_used != c->lst.total_used) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad overall accounting");
+		ubifs_err(c, "calculated: empty_lebs %d, idx_lebs %d, total_free %lld, total_dirty %lld, total_used %lld",
+			  lst.empty_lebs, lst.idx_lebs, lst.total_free,
+			  lst.total_dirty, lst.total_used);
+		ubifs_err(c, "read from lprops: empty_lebs %d, idx_lebs %d, total_free %lld, total_dirty %lld, total_used %lld",
+			  c->lst.empty_lebs, c->lst.idx_lebs, c->lst.total_free,
+			  c->lst.total_dirty, c->lst.total_used);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (lst.total_dead != c->lst.total_dead ||
+	    lst.total_dark != c->lst.total_dark) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad dead/dark space accounting");
+		ubifs_err(c, "calculated: total_dead %lld, total_dark %lld",
+			  lst.total_dead, lst.total_dark);
+		ubifs_err(c, "read from lprops: total_dead %lld, total_dark %lld",
+			  c->lst.total_dead, c->lst.total_dark);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = dbg_check_cats(c);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/lpt.c b/fs/ubifs/lpt.c
index 1a50d4cc27..e1f2713df1 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/lpt.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/lpt.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Adrian Hunter
  *          Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
@@ -44,8 +33,14 @@
  */
 
 #include "ubifs.h"
-#include "crc16.h"
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/crc16.h>
 #include <linux/math64.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#else
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include "crc16.h"
+#endif
 
 /**
  * do_calc_lpt_geom - calculate sizes for the LPT area.
@@ -144,13 +139,13 @@ int ubifs_calc_lpt_geom(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	sz = c->lpt_sz * 2; /* Must have at least 2 times the size */
 	lebs_needed = div_u64(sz + c->leb_size - 1, c->leb_size);
 	if (lebs_needed > c->lpt_lebs) {
-		ubifs_err("too few LPT LEBs");
+		ubifs_err(c, "too few LPT LEBs");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	/* Verify that ltab fits in a single LEB (since ltab is a single node */
 	if (c->ltab_sz > c->leb_size) {
-		ubifs_err("LPT ltab too big");
+		ubifs_err(c, "LPT ltab too big");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -159,6 +154,119 @@ int ubifs_calc_lpt_geom(struct ubifs_info *c)
 }
 
 /**
+ * calc_dflt_lpt_geom - calculate default LPT geometry.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @main_lebs: number of main area LEBs is passed and returned here
+ * @big_lpt: whether the LPT area is "big" is returned here
+ *
+ * The size of the LPT area depends on parameters that themselves are dependent
+ * on the size of the LPT area. This function, successively recalculates the LPT
+ * area geometry until the parameters and resultant geometry are consistent.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int calc_dflt_lpt_geom(struct ubifs_info *c, int *main_lebs,
+			      int *big_lpt)
+{
+	int i, lebs_needed;
+	long long sz;
+
+	/* Start by assuming the minimum number of LPT LEBs */
+	c->lpt_lebs = UBIFS_MIN_LPT_LEBS;
+	c->main_lebs = *main_lebs - c->lpt_lebs;
+	if (c->main_lebs <= 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* And assume we will use the small LPT model */
+	c->big_lpt = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Calculate the geometry based on assumptions above and then see if it
+	 * makes sense
+	 */
+	do_calc_lpt_geom(c);
+
+	/* Small LPT model must have lpt_sz < leb_size */
+	if (c->lpt_sz > c->leb_size) {
+		/* Nope, so try again using big LPT model */
+		c->big_lpt = 1;
+		do_calc_lpt_geom(c);
+	}
+
+	/* Now check there are enough LPT LEBs */
+	for (i = 0; i < 64 ; i++) {
+		sz = c->lpt_sz * 4; /* Allow 4 times the size */
+		lebs_needed = div_u64(sz + c->leb_size - 1, c->leb_size);
+		if (lebs_needed > c->lpt_lebs) {
+			/* Not enough LPT LEBs so try again with more */
+			c->lpt_lebs = lebs_needed;
+			c->main_lebs = *main_lebs - c->lpt_lebs;
+			if (c->main_lebs <= 0)
+				return -EINVAL;
+			do_calc_lpt_geom(c);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c->ltab_sz > c->leb_size) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "LPT ltab too big");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		*main_lebs = c->main_lebs;
+		*big_lpt = c->big_lpt;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * pack_bits - pack bit fields end-to-end.
+ * @addr: address at which to pack (passed and next address returned)
+ * @pos: bit position at which to pack (passed and next position returned)
+ * @val: value to pack
+ * @nrbits: number of bits of value to pack (1-32)
+ */
+static void pack_bits(uint8_t **addr, int *pos, uint32_t val, int nrbits)
+{
+	uint8_t *p = *addr;
+	int b = *pos;
+
+	ubifs_assert(nrbits > 0);
+	ubifs_assert(nrbits <= 32);
+	ubifs_assert(*pos >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(*pos < 8);
+	ubifs_assert((val >> nrbits) == 0 || nrbits == 32);
+	if (b) {
+		*p |= ((uint8_t)val) << b;
+		nrbits += b;
+		if (nrbits > 8) {
+			*++p = (uint8_t)(val >>= (8 - b));
+			if (nrbits > 16) {
+				*++p = (uint8_t)(val >>= 8);
+				if (nrbits > 24) {
+					*++p = (uint8_t)(val >>= 8);
+					if (nrbits > 32)
+						*++p = (uint8_t)(val >>= 8);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		*p = (uint8_t)val;
+		if (nrbits > 8) {
+			*++p = (uint8_t)(val >>= 8);
+			if (nrbits > 16) {
+				*++p = (uint8_t)(val >>= 8);
+				if (nrbits > 24)
+					*++p = (uint8_t)(val >>= 8);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	b = nrbits & 7;
+	if (b == 0)
+		p++;
+	*addr = p;
+	*pos = b;
+}
+
+/**
  * ubifs_unpack_bits - unpack bit fields.
  * @addr: address at which to unpack (passed and next address returned)
  * @pos: bit position at which to unpack (passed and next position returned)
@@ -228,6 +336,118 @@ uint32_t ubifs_unpack_bits(uint8_t **addr, int *pos, int nrbits)
 }
 
 /**
+ * ubifs_pack_pnode - pack all the bit fields of a pnode.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: buffer into which to pack
+ * @pnode: pnode to pack
+ */
+void ubifs_pack_pnode(struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf,
+		      struct ubifs_pnode *pnode)
+{
+	uint8_t *addr = buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES;
+	int i, pos = 0;
+	uint16_t crc;
+
+	pack_bits(&addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_PNODE, UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS);
+	if (c->big_lpt)
+		pack_bits(&addr, &pos, pnode->num, c->pcnt_bits);
+	for (i = 0; i < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; i++) {
+		pack_bits(&addr, &pos, pnode->lprops[i].free >> 3,
+			  c->space_bits);
+		pack_bits(&addr, &pos, pnode->lprops[i].dirty >> 3,
+			  c->space_bits);
+		if (pnode->lprops[i].flags & LPROPS_INDEX)
+			pack_bits(&addr, &pos, 1, 1);
+		else
+			pack_bits(&addr, &pos, 0, 1);
+	}
+	crc = crc16(-1, buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES,
+		    c->pnode_sz - UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES);
+	addr = buf;
+	pos = 0;
+	pack_bits(&addr, &pos, crc, UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BITS);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_pack_nnode - pack all the bit fields of a nnode.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: buffer into which to pack
+ * @nnode: nnode to pack
+ */
+void ubifs_pack_nnode(struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf,
+		      struct ubifs_nnode *nnode)
+{
+	uint8_t *addr = buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES;
+	int i, pos = 0;
+	uint16_t crc;
+
+	pack_bits(&addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_NNODE, UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS);
+	if (c->big_lpt)
+		pack_bits(&addr, &pos, nnode->num, c->pcnt_bits);
+	for (i = 0; i < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; i++) {
+		int lnum = nnode->nbranch[i].lnum;
+
+		if (lnum == 0)
+			lnum = c->lpt_last + 1;
+		pack_bits(&addr, &pos, lnum - c->lpt_first, c->lpt_lnum_bits);
+		pack_bits(&addr, &pos, nnode->nbranch[i].offs,
+			  c->lpt_offs_bits);
+	}
+	crc = crc16(-1, buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES,
+		    c->nnode_sz - UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES);
+	addr = buf;
+	pos = 0;
+	pack_bits(&addr, &pos, crc, UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BITS);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_pack_ltab - pack the LPT's own lprops table.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: buffer into which to pack
+ * @ltab: LPT's own lprops table to pack
+ */
+void ubifs_pack_ltab(struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf,
+		     struct ubifs_lpt_lprops *ltab)
+{
+	uint8_t *addr = buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES;
+	int i, pos = 0;
+	uint16_t crc;
+
+	pack_bits(&addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_LTAB, UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS);
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++) {
+		pack_bits(&addr, &pos, ltab[i].free, c->lpt_spc_bits);
+		pack_bits(&addr, &pos, ltab[i].dirty, c->lpt_spc_bits);
+	}
+	crc = crc16(-1, buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES,
+		    c->ltab_sz - UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES);
+	addr = buf;
+	pos = 0;
+	pack_bits(&addr, &pos, crc, UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BITS);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_pack_lsave - pack the LPT's save table.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: buffer into which to pack
+ * @lsave: LPT's save table to pack
+ */
+void ubifs_pack_lsave(struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int *lsave)
+{
+	uint8_t *addr = buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES;
+	int i, pos = 0;
+	uint16_t crc;
+
+	pack_bits(&addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_LSAVE, UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS);
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lsave_cnt; i++)
+		pack_bits(&addr, &pos, lsave[i], c->lnum_bits);
+	crc = crc16(-1, buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES,
+		    c->lsave_sz - UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES);
+	addr = buf;
+	pos = 0;
+	pack_bits(&addr, &pos, crc, UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BITS);
+}
+
+/**
  * ubifs_add_lpt_dirt - add dirty space to LPT LEB properties.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @lnum: LEB number to which to add dirty space
@@ -244,6 +464,23 @@ void ubifs_add_lpt_dirt(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int dirty)
 }
 
 /**
+ * set_ltab - set LPT LEB properties.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number
+ * @free: amount of free space
+ * @dirty: amount of dirty space
+ */
+static void set_ltab(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int free, int dirty)
+{
+	dbg_lp("LEB %d free %d dirty %d to %d %d",
+	       lnum, c->ltab[lnum - c->lpt_first].free,
+	       c->ltab[lnum - c->lpt_first].dirty, free, dirty);
+	ubifs_assert(lnum >= c->lpt_first && lnum <= c->lpt_last);
+	c->ltab[lnum - c->lpt_first].free = free;
+	c->ltab[lnum - c->lpt_first].dirty = dirty;
+}
+
+/**
  * ubifs_add_nnode_dirt - add dirty space to LPT LEB properties.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @nnode: nnode for which to add dirt
@@ -276,6 +513,31 @@ static void add_pnode_dirt(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_pnode *pnode)
 }
 
 /**
+ * calc_nnode_num - calculate nnode number.
+ * @row: the row in the tree (root is zero)
+ * @col: the column in the row (leftmost is zero)
+ *
+ * The nnode number is a number that uniquely identifies a nnode and can be used
+ * easily to traverse the tree from the root to that nnode.
+ *
+ * This function calculates and returns the nnode number for the nnode at @row
+ * and @col.
+ */
+static int calc_nnode_num(int row, int col)
+{
+	int num, bits;
+
+	num = 1;
+	while (row--) {
+		bits = (col & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1));
+		col >>= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
+		num <<= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
+		num |= bits;
+	}
+	return num;
+}
+
+/**
  * calc_nnode_num_from_parent - calculate nnode number.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @parent: parent nnode
@@ -328,6 +590,269 @@ static int calc_pnode_num_from_parent(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 }
 
 /**
+ * ubifs_create_dflt_lpt - create default LPT.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @main_lebs: number of main area LEBs is passed and returned here
+ * @lpt_first: LEB number of first LPT LEB
+ * @lpt_lebs: number of LEBs for LPT is passed and returned here
+ * @big_lpt: use big LPT model is passed and returned here
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_create_dflt_lpt(struct ubifs_info *c, int *main_lebs, int lpt_first,
+			  int *lpt_lebs, int *big_lpt)
+{
+	int lnum, err = 0, node_sz, iopos, i, j, cnt, len, alen, row;
+	int blnum, boffs, bsz, bcnt;
+	struct ubifs_pnode *pnode = NULL;
+	struct ubifs_nnode *nnode = NULL;
+	void *buf = NULL, *p;
+	struct ubifs_lpt_lprops *ltab = NULL;
+	int *lsave = NULL;
+
+	err = calc_dflt_lpt_geom(c, main_lebs, big_lpt);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	*lpt_lebs = c->lpt_lebs;
+
+	/* Needed by 'ubifs_pack_nnode()' and 'set_ltab()' */
+	c->lpt_first = lpt_first;
+	/* Needed by 'set_ltab()' */
+	c->lpt_last = lpt_first + c->lpt_lebs - 1;
+	/* Needed by 'ubifs_pack_lsave()' */
+	c->main_first = c->leb_cnt - *main_lebs;
+
+	lsave = kmalloc(sizeof(int) * c->lsave_cnt, GFP_KERNEL);
+	pnode = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_pnode), GFP_KERNEL);
+	nnode = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_nnode), GFP_KERNEL);
+	buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
+	ltab = vmalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_lpt_lprops) * c->lpt_lebs);
+	if (!pnode || !nnode || !buf || !ltab || !lsave) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ltab);
+	c->ltab = ltab; /* Needed by set_ltab */
+
+	/* Initialize LPT's own lprops */
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++) {
+		ltab[i].free = c->leb_size;
+		ltab[i].dirty = 0;
+		ltab[i].tgc = 0;
+		ltab[i].cmt = 0;
+	}
+
+	lnum = lpt_first;
+	p = buf;
+	/* Number of leaf nodes (pnodes) */
+	cnt = c->pnode_cnt;
+
+	/*
+	 * The first pnode contains the LEB properties for the LEBs that contain
+	 * the root inode node and the root index node of the index tree.
+	 */
+	node_sz = ALIGN(ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, 1), 8);
+	iopos = ALIGN(node_sz, c->min_io_size);
+	pnode->lprops[0].free = c->leb_size - iopos;
+	pnode->lprops[0].dirty = iopos - node_sz;
+	pnode->lprops[0].flags = LPROPS_INDEX;
+
+	node_sz = UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
+	iopos = ALIGN(node_sz, c->min_io_size);
+	pnode->lprops[1].free = c->leb_size - iopos;
+	pnode->lprops[1].dirty = iopos - node_sz;
+
+	for (i = 2; i < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; i++)
+		pnode->lprops[i].free = c->leb_size;
+
+	/* Add first pnode */
+	ubifs_pack_pnode(c, p, pnode);
+	p += c->pnode_sz;
+	len = c->pnode_sz;
+	pnode->num += 1;
+
+	/* Reset pnode values for remaining pnodes */
+	pnode->lprops[0].free = c->leb_size;
+	pnode->lprops[0].dirty = 0;
+	pnode->lprops[0].flags = 0;
+
+	pnode->lprops[1].free = c->leb_size;
+	pnode->lprops[1].dirty = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * To calculate the internal node branches, we keep information about
+	 * the level below.
+	 */
+	blnum = lnum; /* LEB number of level below */
+	boffs = 0; /* Offset of level below */
+	bcnt = cnt; /* Number of nodes in level below */
+	bsz = c->pnode_sz; /* Size of nodes in level below */
+
+	/* Add all remaining pnodes */
+	for (i = 1; i < cnt; i++) {
+		if (len + c->pnode_sz > c->leb_size) {
+			alen = ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size);
+			set_ltab(c, lnum, c->leb_size - alen, alen - len);
+			memset(p, 0xff, alen - len);
+			err = ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum++, buf, alen);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			p = buf;
+			len = 0;
+		}
+		ubifs_pack_pnode(c, p, pnode);
+		p += c->pnode_sz;
+		len += c->pnode_sz;
+		/*
+		 * pnodes are simply numbered left to right starting at zero,
+		 * which means the pnode number can be used easily to traverse
+		 * down the tree to the corresponding pnode.
+		 */
+		pnode->num += 1;
+	}
+
+	row = 0;
+	for (i = UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; cnt > i; i <<= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT)
+		row += 1;
+	/* Add all nnodes, one level at a time */
+	while (1) {
+		/* Number of internal nodes (nnodes) at next level */
+		cnt = DIV_ROUND_UP(cnt, UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT);
+		for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+			if (len + c->nnode_sz > c->leb_size) {
+				alen = ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size);
+				set_ltab(c, lnum, c->leb_size - alen,
+					    alen - len);
+				memset(p, 0xff, alen - len);
+				err = ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum++, buf, alen);
+				if (err)
+					goto out;
+				p = buf;
+				len = 0;
+			}
+			/* Only 1 nnode at this level, so it is the root */
+			if (cnt == 1) {
+				c->lpt_lnum = lnum;
+				c->lpt_offs = len;
+			}
+			/* Set branches to the level below */
+			for (j = 0; j < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; j++) {
+				if (bcnt) {
+					if (boffs + bsz > c->leb_size) {
+						blnum += 1;
+						boffs = 0;
+					}
+					nnode->nbranch[j].lnum = blnum;
+					nnode->nbranch[j].offs = boffs;
+					boffs += bsz;
+					bcnt--;
+				} else {
+					nnode->nbranch[j].lnum = 0;
+					nnode->nbranch[j].offs = 0;
+				}
+			}
+			nnode->num = calc_nnode_num(row, i);
+			ubifs_pack_nnode(c, p, nnode);
+			p += c->nnode_sz;
+			len += c->nnode_sz;
+		}
+		/* Only 1 nnode at this level, so it is the root */
+		if (cnt == 1)
+			break;
+		/* Update the information about the level below */
+		bcnt = cnt;
+		bsz = c->nnode_sz;
+		row -= 1;
+	}
+
+	if (*big_lpt) {
+		/* Need to add LPT's save table */
+		if (len + c->lsave_sz > c->leb_size) {
+			alen = ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size);
+			set_ltab(c, lnum, c->leb_size - alen, alen - len);
+			memset(p, 0xff, alen - len);
+			err = ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum++, buf, alen);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			p = buf;
+			len = 0;
+		}
+
+		c->lsave_lnum = lnum;
+		c->lsave_offs = len;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < c->lsave_cnt && i < *main_lebs; i++)
+			lsave[i] = c->main_first + i;
+		for (; i < c->lsave_cnt; i++)
+			lsave[i] = c->main_first;
+
+		ubifs_pack_lsave(c, p, lsave);
+		p += c->lsave_sz;
+		len += c->lsave_sz;
+	}
+
+	/* Need to add LPT's own LEB properties table */
+	if (len + c->ltab_sz > c->leb_size) {
+		alen = ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size);
+		set_ltab(c, lnum, c->leb_size - alen, alen - len);
+		memset(p, 0xff, alen - len);
+		err = ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum++, buf, alen);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		p = buf;
+		len = 0;
+	}
+
+	c->ltab_lnum = lnum;
+	c->ltab_offs = len;
+
+	/* Update ltab before packing it */
+	len += c->ltab_sz;
+	alen = ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size);
+	set_ltab(c, lnum, c->leb_size - alen, alen - len);
+
+	ubifs_pack_ltab(c, p, ltab);
+	p += c->ltab_sz;
+
+	/* Write remaining buffer */
+	memset(p, 0xff, alen - len);
+	err = ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum, buf, alen);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	c->nhead_lnum = lnum;
+	c->nhead_offs = ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size);
+
+	dbg_lp("space_bits %d", c->space_bits);
+	dbg_lp("lpt_lnum_bits %d", c->lpt_lnum_bits);
+	dbg_lp("lpt_offs_bits %d", c->lpt_offs_bits);
+	dbg_lp("lpt_spc_bits %d", c->lpt_spc_bits);
+	dbg_lp("pcnt_bits %d", c->pcnt_bits);
+	dbg_lp("lnum_bits %d", c->lnum_bits);
+	dbg_lp("pnode_sz %d", c->pnode_sz);
+	dbg_lp("nnode_sz %d", c->nnode_sz);
+	dbg_lp("ltab_sz %d", c->ltab_sz);
+	dbg_lp("lsave_sz %d", c->lsave_sz);
+	dbg_lp("lsave_cnt %d", c->lsave_cnt);
+	dbg_lp("lpt_hght %d", c->lpt_hght);
+	dbg_lp("big_lpt %d", c->big_lpt);
+	dbg_lp("LPT root is at %d:%d", c->lpt_lnum, c->lpt_offs);
+	dbg_lp("LPT head is at %d:%d", c->nhead_lnum, c->nhead_offs);
+	dbg_lp("LPT ltab is at %d:%d", c->ltab_lnum, c->ltab_offs);
+	if (c->big_lpt)
+		dbg_lp("LPT lsave is at %d:%d", c->lsave_lnum, c->lsave_offs);
+out:
+	c->ltab = NULL;
+	kfree(lsave);
+	vfree(ltab);
+	vfree(buf);
+	kfree(nnode);
+	kfree(pnode);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
  * update_cats - add LEB properties of a pnode to LEB category lists and heaps.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @pnode: pnode
@@ -380,7 +905,7 @@ static void replace_cats(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_pnode *old_pnode,
  *
  * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
  */
-static int check_lpt_crc(void *buf, int len)
+static int check_lpt_crc(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len)
 {
 	int pos = 0;
 	uint8_t *addr = buf;
@@ -390,9 +915,9 @@ static int check_lpt_crc(void *buf, int len)
 	calc_crc = crc16(-1, buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES,
 			 len - UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES);
 	if (crc != calc_crc) {
-		ubifs_err("invalid crc in LPT node: crc %hx calc %hx", crc,
-			  calc_crc);
-		dbg_dump_stack();
+		ubifs_err(c, "invalid crc in LPT node: crc %hx calc %hx",
+			  crc, calc_crc);
+		dump_stack();
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -407,15 +932,16 @@ static int check_lpt_crc(void *buf, int len)
  *
  * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
  */
-static int check_lpt_type(uint8_t **addr, int *pos, int type)
+static int check_lpt_type(const struct ubifs_info *c, uint8_t **addr,
+			  int *pos, int type)
 {
 	int node_type;
 
 	node_type = ubifs_unpack_bits(addr, pos, UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS);
 	if (node_type != type) {
-		ubifs_err("invalid type (%d) in LPT node type %d", node_type,
-			  type);
-		dbg_dump_stack();
+		ubifs_err(c, "invalid type (%d) in LPT node type %d",
+			  node_type, type);
+		dump_stack();
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -435,7 +961,7 @@ static int unpack_pnode(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf,
 	uint8_t *addr = buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES;
 	int i, pos = 0, err;
 
-	err = check_lpt_type(&addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_PNODE);
+	err = check_lpt_type(c, &addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_PNODE);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 	if (c->big_lpt)
@@ -454,7 +980,7 @@ static int unpack_pnode(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf,
 			lprops->flags = 0;
 		lprops->flags |= ubifs_categorize_lprops(c, lprops);
 	}
-	err = check_lpt_crc(buf, c->pnode_sz);
+	err = check_lpt_crc(c, buf, c->pnode_sz);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -472,7 +998,7 @@ int ubifs_unpack_nnode(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf,
 	uint8_t *addr = buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES;
 	int i, pos = 0, err;
 
-	err = check_lpt_type(&addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_NNODE);
+	err = check_lpt_type(c, &addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_NNODE);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 	if (c->big_lpt)
@@ -488,7 +1014,7 @@ int ubifs_unpack_nnode(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf,
 		nnode->nbranch[i].offs = ubifs_unpack_bits(&addr, &pos,
 						     c->lpt_offs_bits);
 	}
-	err = check_lpt_crc(buf, c->nnode_sz);
+	err = check_lpt_crc(c, buf, c->nnode_sz);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -504,7 +1030,7 @@ static int unpack_ltab(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf)
 	uint8_t *addr = buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES;
 	int i, pos = 0, err;
 
-	err = check_lpt_type(&addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_LTAB);
+	err = check_lpt_type(c, &addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_LTAB);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++) {
@@ -520,10 +1046,38 @@ static int unpack_ltab(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf)
 		c->ltab[i].tgc = 0;
 		c->ltab[i].cmt = 0;
 	}
-	err = check_lpt_crc(buf, c->ltab_sz);
+	err = check_lpt_crc(c, buf, c->ltab_sz);
 	return err;
 }
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * unpack_lsave - unpack the LPT's save table.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: buffer from which to unpack
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int unpack_lsave(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf)
+{
+	uint8_t *addr = buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES;
+	int i, pos = 0, err;
+
+	err = check_lpt_type(c, &addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_LSAVE);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lsave_cnt; i++) {
+		int lnum = ubifs_unpack_bits(&addr, &pos, c->lnum_bits);
+
+		if (lnum < c->main_first || lnum >= c->leb_cnt)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		c->lsave[i] = lnum;
+	}
+	err = check_lpt_crc(c, buf, c->lsave_sz);
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * validate_nnode - validate a nnode.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -662,7 +1216,7 @@ int ubifs_read_nnode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_nnode *parent, int iip)
 		if (c->big_lpt)
 			nnode->num = calc_nnode_num_from_parent(c, parent, iip);
 	} else {
-		err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, buf, offs, c->nnode_sz);
+		err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, offs, c->nnode_sz, 1);
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
 		err = ubifs_unpack_nnode(c, buf, nnode);
@@ -686,7 +1240,8 @@ int ubifs_read_nnode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_nnode *parent, int iip)
 	return 0;
 
 out:
-	ubifs_err("error %d reading nnode at %d:%d", err, lnum, offs);
+	ubifs_err(c, "error %d reading nnode at %d:%d", err, lnum, offs);
+	dump_stack();
 	kfree(nnode);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -710,10 +1265,9 @@ static int read_pnode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_nnode *parent, int iip)
 	lnum = branch->lnum;
 	offs = branch->offs;
 	pnode = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_pnode), GFP_NOFS);
-	if (!pnode) {
-		err = -ENOMEM;
-		goto out;
-	}
+	if (!pnode)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
 	if (lnum == 0) {
 		/*
 		 * This pnode was not written which just means that the LEB
@@ -731,7 +1285,7 @@ static int read_pnode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_nnode *parent, int iip)
 			lprops->flags = ubifs_categorize_lprops(c, lprops);
 		}
 	} else {
-		err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, buf, offs, c->pnode_sz);
+		err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, offs, c->pnode_sz, 1);
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
 		err = unpack_pnode(c, buf, pnode);
@@ -751,9 +1305,10 @@ static int read_pnode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_nnode *parent, int iip)
 	return 0;
 
 out:
-	ubifs_err("error %d reading pnode at %d:%d", err, lnum, offs);
-	dbg_dump_pnode(c, pnode, parent, iip);
-	dbg_msg("calc num: %d", calc_pnode_num_from_parent(c, parent, iip));
+	ubifs_err(c, "error %d reading pnode at %d:%d", err, lnum, offs);
+	ubifs_dump_pnode(c, pnode, parent, iip);
+	dump_stack();
+	ubifs_err(c, "calc num: %d", calc_pnode_num_from_parent(c, parent, iip));
 	kfree(pnode);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -772,7 +1327,7 @@ static int read_ltab(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	buf = vmalloc(c->ltab_sz);
 	if (!buf)
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, c->ltab_lnum, buf, c->ltab_offs, c->ltab_sz);
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, c->ltab_lnum, buf, c->ltab_offs, c->ltab_sz, 1);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 	err = unpack_ltab(c, buf);
@@ -781,6 +1336,50 @@ out:
 	return err;
 }
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * read_lsave - read LPT's save table.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int read_lsave(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, i;
+	void *buf;
+
+	buf = vmalloc(c->lsave_sz);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, c->lsave_lnum, buf, c->lsave_offs,
+			     c->lsave_sz, 1);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	err = unpack_lsave(c, buf);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lsave_cnt; i++) {
+		int lnum = c->lsave[i];
+		struct ubifs_lprops *lprops;
+
+		/*
+		 * Due to automatic resizing, the values in the lsave table
+		 * could be beyond the volume size - just ignore them.
+		 */
+		if (lnum >= c->leb_cnt)
+			continue;
+		lprops = ubifs_lpt_lookup(c, lnum);
+		if (IS_ERR(lprops)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(lprops);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+out:
+	vfree(buf);
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * ubifs_get_nnode - get a nnode.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -861,13 +1460,12 @@ struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_lpt_lookup(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
 		shft -= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
 		nnode = ubifs_get_nnode(c, nnode, iip);
 		if (IS_ERR(nnode))
-			return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(nnode));
+			return ERR_CAST(nnode);
 	}
 	iip = ((i >> shft) & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1));
-	shft -= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
 	pnode = ubifs_get_pnode(c, nnode, iip);
 	if (IS_ERR(pnode))
-		return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(pnode));
+		return ERR_CAST(pnode);
 	iip = (i & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1));
 	dbg_lp("LEB %d, free %d, dirty %d, flags %d", lnum,
 	       pnode->lprops[iip].free, pnode->lprops[iip].dirty,
@@ -990,7 +1588,7 @@ struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_lpt_lookup_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
 	nnode = c->nroot;
 	nnode = dirty_cow_nnode(c, nnode);
 	if (IS_ERR(nnode))
-		return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(nnode));
+		return ERR_CAST(nnode);
 	i = lnum - c->main_first;
 	shft = c->lpt_hght * UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
 	for (h = 1; h < c->lpt_hght; h++) {
@@ -998,19 +1596,18 @@ struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_lpt_lookup_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
 		shft -= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
 		nnode = ubifs_get_nnode(c, nnode, iip);
 		if (IS_ERR(nnode))
-			return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(nnode));
+			return ERR_CAST(nnode);
 		nnode = dirty_cow_nnode(c, nnode);
 		if (IS_ERR(nnode))
-			return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(nnode));
+			return ERR_CAST(nnode);
 	}
 	iip = ((i >> shft) & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1));
-	shft -= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
 	pnode = ubifs_get_pnode(c, nnode, iip);
 	if (IS_ERR(pnode))
-		return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(pnode));
+		return ERR_CAST(pnode);
 	pnode = dirty_cow_pnode(c, pnode);
 	if (IS_ERR(pnode))
-		return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(pnode));
+		return ERR_CAST(pnode);
 	iip = (i & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1));
 	dbg_lp("LEB %d, free %d, dirty %d, flags %d", lnum,
 	       pnode->lprops[iip].free, pnode->lprops[iip].dirty,
@@ -1079,6 +1676,47 @@ static int lpt_init_rd(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * lpt_init_wr - initialize the LPT for writing.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * 'lpt_init_rd()' must have been called already.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int lpt_init_wr(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, i;
+
+	c->ltab_cmt = vmalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_lpt_lprops) * c->lpt_lebs);
+	if (!c->ltab_cmt)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	c->lpt_buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
+	if (!c->lpt_buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (c->big_lpt) {
+		c->lsave = kmalloc(sizeof(int) * c->lsave_cnt, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!c->lsave)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		err = read_lsave(c);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++)
+		if (c->ltab[i].free == c->leb_size) {
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, i + c->lpt_first);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * ubifs_lpt_init - initialize the LPT.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -1098,8 +1736,547 @@ int ubifs_lpt_init(struct ubifs_info *c, int rd, int wr)
 	if (rd) {
 		err = lpt_init_rd(c);
 		if (err)
+			goto out_err;
+	}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	if (wr) {
+		err = lpt_init_wr(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_err;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_err:
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	if (wr)
+		ubifs_lpt_free(c, 1);
+#endif
+	if (rd)
+		ubifs_lpt_free(c, 0);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * struct lpt_scan_node - somewhere to put nodes while we scan LPT.
+ * @nnode: where to keep a nnode
+ * @pnode: where to keep a pnode
+ * @cnode: where to keep a cnode
+ * @in_tree: is the node in the tree in memory
+ * @ptr.nnode: pointer to the nnode (if it is an nnode) which may be here or in
+ * the tree
+ * @ptr.pnode: ditto for pnode
+ * @ptr.cnode: ditto for cnode
+ */
+struct lpt_scan_node {
+	union {
+		struct ubifs_nnode nnode;
+		struct ubifs_pnode pnode;
+		struct ubifs_cnode cnode;
+	};
+	int in_tree;
+	union {
+		struct ubifs_nnode *nnode;
+		struct ubifs_pnode *pnode;
+		struct ubifs_cnode *cnode;
+	} ptr;
+};
+
+/**
+ * scan_get_nnode - for the scan, get a nnode from either the tree or flash.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @path: where to put the nnode
+ * @parent: parent of the nnode
+ * @iip: index in parent of the nnode
+ *
+ * This function returns a pointer to the nnode on success or a negative error
+ * code on failure.
+ */
+static struct ubifs_nnode *scan_get_nnode(struct ubifs_info *c,
+					  struct lpt_scan_node *path,
+					  struct ubifs_nnode *parent, int iip)
+{
+	struct ubifs_nbranch *branch;
+	struct ubifs_nnode *nnode;
+	void *buf = c->lpt_nod_buf;
+	int err;
+
+	branch = &parent->nbranch[iip];
+	nnode = branch->nnode;
+	if (nnode) {
+		path->in_tree = 1;
+		path->ptr.nnode = nnode;
+		return nnode;
+	}
+	nnode = &path->nnode;
+	path->in_tree = 0;
+	path->ptr.nnode = nnode;
+	memset(nnode, 0, sizeof(struct ubifs_nnode));
+	if (branch->lnum == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * This nnode was not written which just means that the LEB
+		 * properties in the subtree below it describe empty LEBs. We
+		 * make the nnode as though we had read it, which in fact means
+		 * doing almost nothing.
+		 */
+		if (c->big_lpt)
+			nnode->num = calc_nnode_num_from_parent(c, parent, iip);
+	} else {
+		err = ubifs_leb_read(c, branch->lnum, buf, branch->offs,
+				     c->nnode_sz, 1);
+		if (err)
+			return ERR_PTR(err);
+		err = ubifs_unpack_nnode(c, buf, nnode);
+		if (err)
+			return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	err = validate_nnode(c, nnode, parent, iip);
+	if (err)
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (!c->big_lpt)
+		nnode->num = calc_nnode_num_from_parent(c, parent, iip);
+	nnode->level = parent->level - 1;
+	nnode->parent = parent;
+	nnode->iip = iip;
+	return nnode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * scan_get_pnode - for the scan, get a pnode from either the tree or flash.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @path: where to put the pnode
+ * @parent: parent of the pnode
+ * @iip: index in parent of the pnode
+ *
+ * This function returns a pointer to the pnode on success or a negative error
+ * code on failure.
+ */
+static struct ubifs_pnode *scan_get_pnode(struct ubifs_info *c,
+					  struct lpt_scan_node *path,
+					  struct ubifs_nnode *parent, int iip)
+{
+	struct ubifs_nbranch *branch;
+	struct ubifs_pnode *pnode;
+	void *buf = c->lpt_nod_buf;
+	int err;
+
+	branch = &parent->nbranch[iip];
+	pnode = branch->pnode;
+	if (pnode) {
+		path->in_tree = 1;
+		path->ptr.pnode = pnode;
+		return pnode;
+	}
+	pnode = &path->pnode;
+	path->in_tree = 0;
+	path->ptr.pnode = pnode;
+	memset(pnode, 0, sizeof(struct ubifs_pnode));
+	if (branch->lnum == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * This pnode was not written which just means that the LEB
+		 * properties in it describe empty LEBs. We make the pnode as
+		 * though we had read it.
+		 */
+		int i;
+
+		if (c->big_lpt)
+			pnode->num = calc_pnode_num_from_parent(c, parent, iip);
+		for (i = 0; i < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; i++) {
+			struct ubifs_lprops * const lprops = &pnode->lprops[i];
+
+			lprops->free = c->leb_size;
+			lprops->flags = ubifs_categorize_lprops(c, lprops);
+		}
+	} else {
+		ubifs_assert(branch->lnum >= c->lpt_first &&
+			     branch->lnum <= c->lpt_last);
+		ubifs_assert(branch->offs >= 0 && branch->offs < c->leb_size);
+		err = ubifs_leb_read(c, branch->lnum, buf, branch->offs,
+				     c->pnode_sz, 1);
+		if (err)
+			return ERR_PTR(err);
+		err = unpack_pnode(c, buf, pnode);
+		if (err)
+			return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	err = validate_pnode(c, pnode, parent, iip);
+	if (err)
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	if (!c->big_lpt)
+		pnode->num = calc_pnode_num_from_parent(c, parent, iip);
+	pnode->parent = parent;
+	pnode->iip = iip;
+	set_pnode_lnum(c, pnode);
+	return pnode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_lpt_scan_nolock - scan the LPT.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @start_lnum: LEB number from which to start scanning
+ * @end_lnum: LEB number at which to stop scanning
+ * @scan_cb: callback function called for each lprops
+ * @data: data to be passed to the callback function
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_lpt_scan_nolock(struct ubifs_info *c, int start_lnum, int end_lnum,
+			  ubifs_lpt_scan_callback scan_cb, void *data)
+{
+	int err = 0, i, h, iip, shft;
+	struct ubifs_nnode *nnode;
+	struct ubifs_pnode *pnode;
+	struct lpt_scan_node *path;
+
+	if (start_lnum == -1) {
+		start_lnum = end_lnum + 1;
+		if (start_lnum >= c->leb_cnt)
+			start_lnum = c->main_first;
+	}
+
+	ubifs_assert(start_lnum >= c->main_first && start_lnum < c->leb_cnt);
+	ubifs_assert(end_lnum >= c->main_first && end_lnum < c->leb_cnt);
+
+	if (!c->nroot) {
+		err = ubifs_read_nnode(c, NULL, 0);
+		if (err)
 			return err;
 	}
 
+	path = kmalloc(sizeof(struct lpt_scan_node) * (c->lpt_hght + 1),
+		       GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!path)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	path[0].ptr.nnode = c->nroot;
+	path[0].in_tree = 1;
+again:
+	/* Descend to the pnode containing start_lnum */
+	nnode = c->nroot;
+	i = start_lnum - c->main_first;
+	shft = c->lpt_hght * UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
+	for (h = 1; h < c->lpt_hght; h++) {
+		iip = ((i >> shft) & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1));
+		shft -= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
+		nnode = scan_get_nnode(c, path + h, nnode, iip);
+		if (IS_ERR(nnode)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(nnode);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	iip = ((i >> shft) & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1));
+	pnode = scan_get_pnode(c, path + h, nnode, iip);
+	if (IS_ERR(pnode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(pnode);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	iip = (i & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1));
+
+	/* Loop for each lprops */
+	while (1) {
+		struct ubifs_lprops *lprops = &pnode->lprops[iip];
+		int ret, lnum = lprops->lnum;
+
+		ret = scan_cb(c, lprops, path[h].in_tree, data);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			err = ret;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (ret & LPT_SCAN_ADD) {
+			/* Add all the nodes in path to the tree in memory */
+			for (h = 1; h < c->lpt_hght; h++) {
+				const size_t sz = sizeof(struct ubifs_nnode);
+				struct ubifs_nnode *parent;
+
+				if (path[h].in_tree)
+					continue;
+				nnode = kmemdup(&path[h].nnode, sz, GFP_NOFS);
+				if (!nnode) {
+					err = -ENOMEM;
+					goto out;
+				}
+				parent = nnode->parent;
+				parent->nbranch[nnode->iip].nnode = nnode;
+				path[h].ptr.nnode = nnode;
+				path[h].in_tree = 1;
+				path[h + 1].cnode.parent = nnode;
+			}
+			if (path[h].in_tree)
+				ubifs_ensure_cat(c, lprops);
+			else {
+				const size_t sz = sizeof(struct ubifs_pnode);
+				struct ubifs_nnode *parent;
+
+				pnode = kmemdup(&path[h].pnode, sz, GFP_NOFS);
+				if (!pnode) {
+					err = -ENOMEM;
+					goto out;
+				}
+				parent = pnode->parent;
+				parent->nbranch[pnode->iip].pnode = pnode;
+				path[h].ptr.pnode = pnode;
+				path[h].in_tree = 1;
+				update_cats(c, pnode);
+				c->pnodes_have += 1;
+			}
+			err = dbg_check_lpt_nodes(c, (struct ubifs_cnode *)
+						  c->nroot, 0, 0);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			err = dbg_check_cats(c);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+		if (ret & LPT_SCAN_STOP) {
+			err = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+		/* Get the next lprops */
+		if (lnum == end_lnum) {
+			/*
+			 * We got to the end without finding what we were
+			 * looking for
+			 */
+			err = -ENOSPC;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (lnum + 1 >= c->leb_cnt) {
+			/* Wrap-around to the beginning */
+			start_lnum = c->main_first;
+			goto again;
+		}
+		if (iip + 1 < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT) {
+			/* Next lprops is in the same pnode */
+			iip += 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* We need to get the next pnode. Go up until we can go right */
+		iip = pnode->iip;
+		while (1) {
+			h -= 1;
+			ubifs_assert(h >= 0);
+			nnode = path[h].ptr.nnode;
+			if (iip + 1 < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT)
+				break;
+			iip = nnode->iip;
+		}
+		/* Go right */
+		iip += 1;
+		/* Descend to the pnode */
+		h += 1;
+		for (; h < c->lpt_hght; h++) {
+			nnode = scan_get_nnode(c, path + h, nnode, iip);
+			if (IS_ERR(nnode)) {
+				err = PTR_ERR(nnode);
+				goto out;
+			}
+			iip = 0;
+		}
+		pnode = scan_get_pnode(c, path + h, nnode, iip);
+		if (IS_ERR(pnode)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(pnode);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		iip = 0;
+	}
+out:
+	kfree(path);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_chk_pnode - check a pnode.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @pnode: pnode to check
+ * @col: pnode column
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int dbg_chk_pnode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_pnode *pnode,
+			 int col)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (pnode->num != col) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "pnode num %d expected %d parent num %d iip %d",
+			  pnode->num, col, pnode->parent->num, pnode->iip);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; i++) {
+		struct ubifs_lprops *lp, *lprops = &pnode->lprops[i];
+		int lnum = (pnode->num << UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT) + i +
+			   c->main_first;
+		int found, cat = lprops->flags & LPROPS_CAT_MASK;
+		struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap;
+		struct list_head *list = NULL;
+
+		if (lnum >= c->leb_cnt)
+			continue;
+		if (lprops->lnum != lnum) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad LEB number %d expected %d",
+				  lprops->lnum, lnum);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (lprops->flags & LPROPS_TAKEN) {
+			if (cat != LPROPS_UNCAT) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "LEB %d taken but not uncat %d",
+					  lprops->lnum, cat);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (lprops->flags & LPROPS_INDEX) {
+			switch (cat) {
+			case LPROPS_UNCAT:
+			case LPROPS_DIRTY_IDX:
+			case LPROPS_FRDI_IDX:
+				break;
+			default:
+				ubifs_err(c, "LEB %d index but cat %d",
+					  lprops->lnum, cat);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+		} else {
+			switch (cat) {
+			case LPROPS_UNCAT:
+			case LPROPS_DIRTY:
+			case LPROPS_FREE:
+			case LPROPS_EMPTY:
+			case LPROPS_FREEABLE:
+				break;
+			default:
+				ubifs_err(c, "LEB %d not index but cat %d",
+					  lprops->lnum, cat);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+		}
+		switch (cat) {
+		case LPROPS_UNCAT:
+			list = &c->uncat_list;
+			break;
+		case LPROPS_EMPTY:
+			list = &c->empty_list;
+			break;
+		case LPROPS_FREEABLE:
+			list = &c->freeable_list;
+			break;
+		case LPROPS_FRDI_IDX:
+			list = &c->frdi_idx_list;
+			break;
+		}
+		found = 0;
+		switch (cat) {
+		case LPROPS_DIRTY:
+		case LPROPS_DIRTY_IDX:
+		case LPROPS_FREE:
+			heap = &c->lpt_heap[cat - 1];
+			if (lprops->hpos < heap->cnt &&
+			    heap->arr[lprops->hpos] == lprops)
+				found = 1;
+			break;
+		case LPROPS_UNCAT:
+		case LPROPS_EMPTY:
+		case LPROPS_FREEABLE:
+		case LPROPS_FRDI_IDX:
+			list_for_each_entry(lp, list, list)
+				if (lprops == lp) {
+					found = 1;
+					break;
+				}
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!found) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "LEB %d cat %d not found in cat heap/list",
+				  lprops->lnum, cat);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		switch (cat) {
+		case LPROPS_EMPTY:
+			if (lprops->free != c->leb_size) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "LEB %d cat %d free %d dirty %d",
+					  lprops->lnum, cat, lprops->free,
+					  lprops->dirty);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			break;
+		case LPROPS_FREEABLE:
+		case LPROPS_FRDI_IDX:
+			if (lprops->free + lprops->dirty != c->leb_size) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "LEB %d cat %d free %d dirty %d",
+					  lprops->lnum, cat, lprops->free,
+					  lprops->dirty);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_lpt_nodes - check nnodes and pnodes.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @cnode: next cnode (nnode or pnode) to check
+ * @row: row of cnode (root is zero)
+ * @col: column of cnode (leftmost is zero)
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int dbg_check_lpt_nodes(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_cnode *cnode,
+			int row, int col)
+{
+	struct ubifs_nnode *nnode, *nn;
+	struct ubifs_cnode *cn;
+	int num, iip = 0, err;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_lprops(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	while (cnode) {
+		ubifs_assert(row >= 0);
+		nnode = cnode->parent;
+		if (cnode->level) {
+			/* cnode is a nnode */
+			num = calc_nnode_num(row, col);
+			if (cnode->num != num) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "nnode num %d expected %d parent num %d iip %d",
+					  cnode->num, num,
+					  (nnode ? nnode->num : 0), cnode->iip);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			nn = (struct ubifs_nnode *)cnode;
+			while (iip < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT) {
+				cn = nn->nbranch[iip].cnode;
+				if (cn) {
+					/* Go down */
+					row += 1;
+					col <<= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
+					col += iip;
+					iip = 0;
+					cnode = cn;
+					break;
+				}
+				/* Go right */
+				iip += 1;
+			}
+			if (iip < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT)
+				continue;
+		} else {
+			struct ubifs_pnode *pnode;
+
+			/* cnode is a pnode */
+			pnode = (struct ubifs_pnode *)cnode;
+			err = dbg_chk_pnode(c, pnode, col);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+		/* Go up and to the right */
+		row -= 1;
+		col >>= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
+		iip = cnode->iip + 1;
+		cnode = (struct ubifs_cnode *)nnode;
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/lpt_commit.c b/fs/ubifs/lpt_commit.c
index c0af8187ac..55112b38b5 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/lpt_commit.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/lpt_commit.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Adrian Hunter
  *          Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
@@ -25,9 +14,1280 @@
  * subsystem.
  */
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/crc16.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#else
+#include <linux/err.h>
 #include "crc16.h"
+#endif
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static int dbg_populate_lsave(struct ubifs_info *c);
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * first_dirty_cnode - find first dirty cnode.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @nnode: nnode at which to start
+ *
+ * This function returns the first dirty cnode or %NULL if there is not one.
+ */
+static struct ubifs_cnode *first_dirty_cnode(struct ubifs_nnode *nnode)
+{
+	ubifs_assert(nnode);
+	while (1) {
+		int i, cont = 0;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; i++) {
+			struct ubifs_cnode *cnode;
+
+			cnode = nnode->nbranch[i].cnode;
+			if (cnode &&
+			    test_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &cnode->flags)) {
+				if (cnode->level == 0)
+					return cnode;
+				nnode = (struct ubifs_nnode *)cnode;
+				cont = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!cont)
+			return (struct ubifs_cnode *)nnode;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * next_dirty_cnode - find next dirty cnode.
+ * @cnode: cnode from which to begin searching
+ *
+ * This function returns the next dirty cnode or %NULL if there is not one.
+ */
+static struct ubifs_cnode *next_dirty_cnode(struct ubifs_cnode *cnode)
+{
+	struct ubifs_nnode *nnode;
+	int i;
+
+	ubifs_assert(cnode);
+	nnode = cnode->parent;
+	if (!nnode)
+		return NULL;
+	for (i = cnode->iip + 1; i < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; i++) {
+		cnode = nnode->nbranch[i].cnode;
+		if (cnode && test_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &cnode->flags)) {
+			if (cnode->level == 0)
+				return cnode; /* cnode is a pnode */
+			/* cnode is a nnode */
+			return first_dirty_cnode((struct ubifs_nnode *)cnode);
+		}
+	}
+	return (struct ubifs_cnode *)nnode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * get_cnodes_to_commit - create list of dirty cnodes to commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of cnodes to commit.
+ */
+static int get_cnodes_to_commit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_cnode *cnode, *cnext;
+	int cnt = 0;
+
+	if (!c->nroot)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!test_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &c->nroot->flags))
+		return 0;
+
+	c->lpt_cnext = first_dirty_cnode(c->nroot);
+	cnode = c->lpt_cnext;
+	if (!cnode)
+		return 0;
+	cnt += 1;
+	while (1) {
+		ubifs_assert(!test_bit(COW_CNODE, &cnode->flags));
+		__set_bit(COW_CNODE, &cnode->flags);
+		cnext = next_dirty_cnode(cnode);
+		if (!cnext) {
+			cnode->cnext = c->lpt_cnext;
+			break;
+		}
+		cnode->cnext = cnext;
+		cnode = cnext;
+		cnt += 1;
+	}
+	dbg_cmt("committing %d cnodes", cnt);
+	dbg_lp("committing %d cnodes", cnt);
+	ubifs_assert(cnt == c->dirty_nn_cnt + c->dirty_pn_cnt);
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+/**
+ * upd_ltab - update LPT LEB properties.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number
+ * @free: amount of free space
+ * @dirty: amount of dirty space to add
+ */
+static void upd_ltab(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int free, int dirty)
+{
+	dbg_lp("LEB %d free %d dirty %d to %d +%d",
+	       lnum, c->ltab[lnum - c->lpt_first].free,
+	       c->ltab[lnum - c->lpt_first].dirty, free, dirty);
+	ubifs_assert(lnum >= c->lpt_first && lnum <= c->lpt_last);
+	c->ltab[lnum - c->lpt_first].free = free;
+	c->ltab[lnum - c->lpt_first].dirty += dirty;
+}
+
+/**
+ * alloc_lpt_leb - allocate an LPT LEB that is empty.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number is passed and returned here
+ *
+ * This function finds the next empty LEB in the ltab starting from @lnum. If a
+ * an empty LEB is found it is returned in @lnum and the function returns %0.
+ * Otherwise the function returns -ENOSPC.  Note however, that LPT is designed
+ * never to run out of space.
+ */
+static int alloc_lpt_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int *lnum)
+{
+	int i, n;
+
+	n = *lnum - c->lpt_first + 1;
+	for (i = n; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++) {
+		if (c->ltab[i].tgc || c->ltab[i].cmt)
+			continue;
+		if (c->ltab[i].free == c->leb_size) {
+			c->ltab[i].cmt = 1;
+			*lnum = i + c->lpt_first;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (c->ltab[i].tgc || c->ltab[i].cmt)
+			continue;
+		if (c->ltab[i].free == c->leb_size) {
+			c->ltab[i].cmt = 1;
+			*lnum = i + c->lpt_first;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return -ENOSPC;
+}
+
+/**
+ * layout_cnodes - layout cnodes for commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int layout_cnodes(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int lnum, offs, len, alen, done_lsave, done_ltab, err;
+	struct ubifs_cnode *cnode;
+
+	err = dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 0, 0);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	cnode = c->lpt_cnext;
+	if (!cnode)
+		return 0;
+	lnum = c->nhead_lnum;
+	offs = c->nhead_offs;
+	/* Try to place lsave and ltab nicely */
+	done_lsave = !c->big_lpt;
+	done_ltab = 0;
+	if (!done_lsave && offs + c->lsave_sz <= c->leb_size) {
+		done_lsave = 1;
+		c->lsave_lnum = lnum;
+		c->lsave_offs = offs;
+		offs += c->lsave_sz;
+		dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->lsave_sz);
+	}
+
+	if (offs + c->ltab_sz <= c->leb_size) {
+		done_ltab = 1;
+		c->ltab_lnum = lnum;
+		c->ltab_offs = offs;
+		offs += c->ltab_sz;
+		dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->ltab_sz);
+	}
+
+	do {
+		if (cnode->level) {
+			len = c->nnode_sz;
+			c->dirty_nn_cnt -= 1;
+		} else {
+			len = c->pnode_sz;
+			c->dirty_pn_cnt -= 1;
+		}
+		while (offs + len > c->leb_size) {
+			alen = ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size);
+			upd_ltab(c, lnum, c->leb_size - alen, alen - offs);
+			dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 2, c->leb_size - offs);
+			err = alloc_lpt_leb(c, &lnum);
+			if (err)
+				goto no_space;
+			offs = 0;
+			ubifs_assert(lnum >= c->lpt_first &&
+				     lnum <= c->lpt_last);
+			/* Try to place lsave and ltab nicely */
+			if (!done_lsave) {
+				done_lsave = 1;
+				c->lsave_lnum = lnum;
+				c->lsave_offs = offs;
+				offs += c->lsave_sz;
+				dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->lsave_sz);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!done_ltab) {
+				done_ltab = 1;
+				c->ltab_lnum = lnum;
+				c->ltab_offs = offs;
+				offs += c->ltab_sz;
+				dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->ltab_sz);
+				continue;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		if (cnode->parent) {
+			cnode->parent->nbranch[cnode->iip].lnum = lnum;
+			cnode->parent->nbranch[cnode->iip].offs = offs;
+		} else {
+			c->lpt_lnum = lnum;
+			c->lpt_offs = offs;
+		}
+		offs += len;
+		dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, len);
+		cnode = cnode->cnext;
+	} while (cnode && cnode != c->lpt_cnext);
+
+	/* Make sure to place LPT's save table */
+	if (!done_lsave) {
+		if (offs + c->lsave_sz > c->leb_size) {
+			alen = ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size);
+			upd_ltab(c, lnum, c->leb_size - alen, alen - offs);
+			dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 2, c->leb_size - offs);
+			err = alloc_lpt_leb(c, &lnum);
+			if (err)
+				goto no_space;
+			offs = 0;
+			ubifs_assert(lnum >= c->lpt_first &&
+				     lnum <= c->lpt_last);
+		}
+		done_lsave = 1;
+		c->lsave_lnum = lnum;
+		c->lsave_offs = offs;
+		offs += c->lsave_sz;
+		dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->lsave_sz);
+	}
+
+	/* Make sure to place LPT's own lprops table */
+	if (!done_ltab) {
+		if (offs + c->ltab_sz > c->leb_size) {
+			alen = ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size);
+			upd_ltab(c, lnum, c->leb_size - alen, alen - offs);
+			dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 2, c->leb_size - offs);
+			err = alloc_lpt_leb(c, &lnum);
+			if (err)
+				goto no_space;
+			offs = 0;
+			ubifs_assert(lnum >= c->lpt_first &&
+				     lnum <= c->lpt_last);
+		}
+		c->ltab_lnum = lnum;
+		c->ltab_offs = offs;
+		offs += c->ltab_sz;
+		dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->ltab_sz);
+	}
+
+	alen = ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size);
+	upd_ltab(c, lnum, c->leb_size - alen, alen - offs);
+	dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 4, alen - offs);
+	err = dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 3, alen);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	return 0;
+
+no_space:
+	ubifs_err(c, "LPT out of space at LEB %d:%d needing %d, done_ltab %d, done_lsave %d",
+		  lnum, offs, len, done_ltab, done_lsave);
+	ubifs_dump_lpt_info(c);
+	ubifs_dump_lpt_lebs(c);
+	dump_stack();
+	return err;
+}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * realloc_lpt_leb - allocate an LPT LEB that is empty.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number is passed and returned here
+ *
+ * This function duplicates exactly the results of the function alloc_lpt_leb.
+ * It is used during end commit to reallocate the same LEB numbers that were
+ * allocated by alloc_lpt_leb during start commit.
+ *
+ * This function finds the next LEB that was allocated by the alloc_lpt_leb
+ * function starting from @lnum. If a LEB is found it is returned in @lnum and
+ * the function returns %0. Otherwise the function returns -ENOSPC.
+ * Note however, that LPT is designed never to run out of space.
+ */
+static int realloc_lpt_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int *lnum)
+{
+	int i, n;
+
+	n = *lnum - c->lpt_first + 1;
+	for (i = n; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++)
+		if (c->ltab[i].cmt) {
+			c->ltab[i].cmt = 0;
+			*lnum = i + c->lpt_first;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (c->ltab[i].cmt) {
+			c->ltab[i].cmt = 0;
+			*lnum = i + c->lpt_first;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	return -ENOSPC;
+}
+
+/**
+ * write_cnodes - write cnodes for commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int write_cnodes(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int lnum, offs, len, from, err, wlen, alen, done_ltab, done_lsave;
+	struct ubifs_cnode *cnode;
+	void *buf = c->lpt_buf;
+
+	cnode = c->lpt_cnext;
+	if (!cnode)
+		return 0;
+	lnum = c->nhead_lnum;
+	offs = c->nhead_offs;
+	from = offs;
+	/* Ensure empty LEB is unmapped */
+	if (offs == 0) {
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+	/* Try to place lsave and ltab nicely */
+	done_lsave = !c->big_lpt;
+	done_ltab = 0;
+	if (!done_lsave && offs + c->lsave_sz <= c->leb_size) {
+		done_lsave = 1;
+		ubifs_pack_lsave(c, buf + offs, c->lsave);
+		offs += c->lsave_sz;
+		dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->lsave_sz);
+	}
+
+	if (offs + c->ltab_sz <= c->leb_size) {
+		done_ltab = 1;
+		ubifs_pack_ltab(c, buf + offs, c->ltab_cmt);
+		offs += c->ltab_sz;
+		dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->ltab_sz);
+	}
+
+	/* Loop for each cnode */
+	do {
+		if (cnode->level)
+			len = c->nnode_sz;
+		else
+			len = c->pnode_sz;
+		while (offs + len > c->leb_size) {
+			wlen = offs - from;
+			if (wlen) {
+				alen = ALIGN(wlen, c->min_io_size);
+				memset(buf + offs, 0xff, alen - wlen);
+				err = ubifs_leb_write(c, lnum, buf + from, from,
+						       alen);
+				if (err)
+					return err;
+			}
+			dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 2, c->leb_size - offs);
+			err = realloc_lpt_leb(c, &lnum);
+			if (err)
+				goto no_space;
+			offs = from = 0;
+			ubifs_assert(lnum >= c->lpt_first &&
+				     lnum <= c->lpt_last);
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+			/* Try to place lsave and ltab nicely */
+			if (!done_lsave) {
+				done_lsave = 1;
+				ubifs_pack_lsave(c, buf + offs, c->lsave);
+				offs += c->lsave_sz;
+				dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->lsave_sz);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!done_ltab) {
+				done_ltab = 1;
+				ubifs_pack_ltab(c, buf + offs, c->ltab_cmt);
+				offs += c->ltab_sz;
+				dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->ltab_sz);
+				continue;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		if (cnode->level)
+			ubifs_pack_nnode(c, buf + offs,
+					 (struct ubifs_nnode *)cnode);
+		else
+			ubifs_pack_pnode(c, buf + offs,
+					 (struct ubifs_pnode *)cnode);
+		/*
+		 * The reason for the barriers is the same as in case of TNC.
+		 * See comment in 'write_index()'. 'dirty_cow_nnode()' and
+		 * 'dirty_cow_pnode()' are the functions for which this is
+		 * important.
+		 */
+		clear_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &cnode->flags);
+		smp_mb__before_atomic();
+		clear_bit(COW_CNODE, &cnode->flags);
+		smp_mb__after_atomic();
+		offs += len;
+		dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, len);
+		cnode = cnode->cnext;
+	} while (cnode && cnode != c->lpt_cnext);
+
+	/* Make sure to place LPT's save table */
+	if (!done_lsave) {
+		if (offs + c->lsave_sz > c->leb_size) {
+			wlen = offs - from;
+			alen = ALIGN(wlen, c->min_io_size);
+			memset(buf + offs, 0xff, alen - wlen);
+			err = ubifs_leb_write(c, lnum, buf + from, from, alen);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+			dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 2, c->leb_size - offs);
+			err = realloc_lpt_leb(c, &lnum);
+			if (err)
+				goto no_space;
+			offs = from = 0;
+			ubifs_assert(lnum >= c->lpt_first &&
+				     lnum <= c->lpt_last);
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+		done_lsave = 1;
+		ubifs_pack_lsave(c, buf + offs, c->lsave);
+		offs += c->lsave_sz;
+		dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->lsave_sz);
+	}
+
+	/* Make sure to place LPT's own lprops table */
+	if (!done_ltab) {
+		if (offs + c->ltab_sz > c->leb_size) {
+			wlen = offs - from;
+			alen = ALIGN(wlen, c->min_io_size);
+			memset(buf + offs, 0xff, alen - wlen);
+			err = ubifs_leb_write(c, lnum, buf + from, from, alen);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+			dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 2, c->leb_size - offs);
+			err = realloc_lpt_leb(c, &lnum);
+			if (err)
+				goto no_space;
+			offs = from = 0;
+			ubifs_assert(lnum >= c->lpt_first &&
+				     lnum <= c->lpt_last);
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+		ubifs_pack_ltab(c, buf + offs, c->ltab_cmt);
+		offs += c->ltab_sz;
+		dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 1, c->ltab_sz);
+	}
+
+	/* Write remaining data in buffer */
+	wlen = offs - from;
+	alen = ALIGN(wlen, c->min_io_size);
+	memset(buf + offs, 0xff, alen - wlen);
+	err = ubifs_leb_write(c, lnum, buf + from, from, alen);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 4, alen - wlen);
+	err = dbg_chk_lpt_sz(c, 3, ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size));
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	c->nhead_lnum = lnum;
+	c->nhead_offs = ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size);
+
+	dbg_lp("LPT root is at %d:%d", c->lpt_lnum, c->lpt_offs);
+	dbg_lp("LPT head is at %d:%d", c->nhead_lnum, c->nhead_offs);
+	dbg_lp("LPT ltab is at %d:%d", c->ltab_lnum, c->ltab_offs);
+	if (c->big_lpt)
+		dbg_lp("LPT lsave is at %d:%d", c->lsave_lnum, c->lsave_offs);
+
+	return 0;
+
+no_space:
+	ubifs_err(c, "LPT out of space mismatch at LEB %d:%d needing %d, done_ltab %d, done_lsave %d",
+		  lnum, offs, len, done_ltab, done_lsave);
+	ubifs_dump_lpt_info(c);
+	ubifs_dump_lpt_lebs(c);
+	dump_stack();
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * next_pnode_to_dirty - find next pnode to dirty.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @pnode: pnode
+ *
+ * This function returns the next pnode to dirty or %NULL if there are no more
+ * pnodes.  Note that pnodes that have never been written (lnum == 0) are
+ * skipped.
+ */
+static struct ubifs_pnode *next_pnode_to_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c,
+					       struct ubifs_pnode *pnode)
+{
+	struct ubifs_nnode *nnode;
+	int iip;
+
+	/* Try to go right */
+	nnode = pnode->parent;
+	for (iip = pnode->iip + 1; iip < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; iip++) {
+		if (nnode->nbranch[iip].lnum)
+			return ubifs_get_pnode(c, nnode, iip);
+	}
+
+	/* Go up while can't go right */
+	do {
+		iip = nnode->iip + 1;
+		nnode = nnode->parent;
+		if (!nnode)
+			return NULL;
+		for (; iip < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; iip++) {
+			if (nnode->nbranch[iip].lnum)
+				break;
+		}
+	} while (iip >= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT);
+
+	/* Go right */
+	nnode = ubifs_get_nnode(c, nnode, iip);
+	if (IS_ERR(nnode))
+		return (void *)nnode;
+
+	/* Go down to level 1 */
+	while (nnode->level > 1) {
+		for (iip = 0; iip < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; iip++) {
+			if (nnode->nbranch[iip].lnum)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (iip >= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT) {
+			/*
+			 * Should not happen, but we need to keep going
+			 * if it does.
+			 */
+			iip = 0;
+		}
+		nnode = ubifs_get_nnode(c, nnode, iip);
+		if (IS_ERR(nnode))
+			return (void *)nnode;
+	}
+
+	for (iip = 0; iip < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; iip++)
+		if (nnode->nbranch[iip].lnum)
+			break;
+	if (iip >= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT)
+		/* Should not happen, but we need to keep going if it does */
+		iip = 0;
+	return ubifs_get_pnode(c, nnode, iip);
+}
+
+/**
+ * pnode_lookup - lookup a pnode in the LPT.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @i: pnode number (0 to main_lebs - 1)
+ *
+ * This function returns a pointer to the pnode on success or a negative
+ * error code on failure.
+ */
+static struct ubifs_pnode *pnode_lookup(struct ubifs_info *c, int i)
+{
+	int err, h, iip, shft;
+	struct ubifs_nnode *nnode;
+
+	if (!c->nroot) {
+		err = ubifs_read_nnode(c, NULL, 0);
+		if (err)
+			return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	i <<= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
+	nnode = c->nroot;
+	shft = c->lpt_hght * UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
+	for (h = 1; h < c->lpt_hght; h++) {
+		iip = ((i >> shft) & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1));
+		shft -= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
+		nnode = ubifs_get_nnode(c, nnode, iip);
+		if (IS_ERR(nnode))
+			return ERR_CAST(nnode);
+	}
+	iip = ((i >> shft) & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1));
+	return ubifs_get_pnode(c, nnode, iip);
+}
+
+/**
+ * add_pnode_dirt - add dirty space to LPT LEB properties.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @pnode: pnode for which to add dirt
+ */
+static void add_pnode_dirt(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_pnode *pnode)
+{
+	ubifs_add_lpt_dirt(c, pnode->parent->nbranch[pnode->iip].lnum,
+			   c->pnode_sz);
+}
+
+/**
+ * do_make_pnode_dirty - mark a pnode dirty.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @pnode: pnode to mark dirty
+ */
+static void do_make_pnode_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_pnode *pnode)
+{
+	/* Assumes cnext list is empty i.e. not called during commit */
+	if (!test_and_set_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &pnode->flags)) {
+		struct ubifs_nnode *nnode;
+
+		c->dirty_pn_cnt += 1;
+		add_pnode_dirt(c, pnode);
+		/* Mark parent and ancestors dirty too */
+		nnode = pnode->parent;
+		while (nnode) {
+			if (!test_and_set_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &nnode->flags)) {
+				c->dirty_nn_cnt += 1;
+				ubifs_add_nnode_dirt(c, nnode);
+				nnode = nnode->parent;
+			} else
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * make_tree_dirty - mark the entire LEB properties tree dirty.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function is used by the "small" LPT model to cause the entire LEB
+ * properties tree to be written.  The "small" LPT model does not use LPT
+ * garbage collection because it is more efficient to write the entire tree
+ * (because it is small).
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int make_tree_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_pnode *pnode;
+
+	pnode = pnode_lookup(c, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(pnode))
+		return PTR_ERR(pnode);
+
+	while (pnode) {
+		do_make_pnode_dirty(c, pnode);
+		pnode = next_pnode_to_dirty(c, pnode);
+		if (IS_ERR(pnode))
+			return PTR_ERR(pnode);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * need_write_all - determine if the LPT area is running out of free space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function returns %1 if the LPT area is running out of free space and %0
+ * if it is not.
+ */
+static int need_write_all(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	long long free = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++) {
+		if (i + c->lpt_first == c->nhead_lnum)
+			free += c->leb_size - c->nhead_offs;
+		else if (c->ltab[i].free == c->leb_size)
+			free += c->leb_size;
+		else if (c->ltab[i].free + c->ltab[i].dirty == c->leb_size)
+			free += c->leb_size;
+	}
+	/* Less than twice the size left */
+	if (free <= c->lpt_sz * 2)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * lpt_tgc_start - start trivial garbage collection of LPT LEBs.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * LPT trivial garbage collection is where a LPT LEB contains only dirty and
+ * free space and so may be reused as soon as the next commit is completed.
+ * This function is called during start commit to mark LPT LEBs for trivial GC.
+ */
+static void lpt_tgc_start(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++) {
+		if (i + c->lpt_first == c->nhead_lnum)
+			continue;
+		if (c->ltab[i].dirty > 0 &&
+		    c->ltab[i].free + c->ltab[i].dirty == c->leb_size) {
+			c->ltab[i].tgc = 1;
+			c->ltab[i].free = c->leb_size;
+			c->ltab[i].dirty = 0;
+			dbg_lp("LEB %d", i + c->lpt_first);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * lpt_tgc_end - end trivial garbage collection of LPT LEBs.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * LPT trivial garbage collection is where a LPT LEB contains only dirty and
+ * free space and so may be reused as soon as the next commit is completed.
+ * This function is called after the commit is completed (master node has been
+ * written) and un-maps LPT LEBs that were marked for trivial GC.
+ */
+static int lpt_tgc_end(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int i, err;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++)
+		if (c->ltab[i].tgc) {
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, i + c->lpt_first);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+			c->ltab[i].tgc = 0;
+			dbg_lp("LEB %d", i + c->lpt_first);
+		}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * populate_lsave - fill the lsave array with important LEB numbers.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function is only called for the "big" model. It records a small number
+ * of LEB numbers of important LEBs.  Important LEBs are ones that are (from
+ * most important to least important): empty, freeable, freeable index, dirty
+ * index, dirty or free. Upon mount, we read this list of LEB numbers and bring
+ * their pnodes into memory.  That will stop us from having to scan the LPT
+ * straight away. For the "small" model we assume that scanning the LPT is no
+ * big deal.
+ */
+static void populate_lsave(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_lprops *lprops;
+	struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap;
+	int i, cnt = 0;
+
+	ubifs_assert(c->big_lpt);
+	if (!(c->lpt_drty_flgs & LSAVE_DIRTY)) {
+		c->lpt_drty_flgs |= LSAVE_DIRTY;
+		ubifs_add_lpt_dirt(c, c->lsave_lnum, c->lsave_sz);
+	}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	if (dbg_populate_lsave(c))
+		return;
+#endif
+
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->empty_list, list) {
+		c->lsave[cnt++] = lprops->lnum;
+		if (cnt >= c->lsave_cnt)
+			return;
+	}
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->freeable_list, list) {
+		c->lsave[cnt++] = lprops->lnum;
+		if (cnt >= c->lsave_cnt)
+			return;
+	}
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->frdi_idx_list, list) {
+		c->lsave[cnt++] = lprops->lnum;
+		if (cnt >= c->lsave_cnt)
+			return;
+	}
+	heap = &c->lpt_heap[LPROPS_DIRTY_IDX - 1];
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++) {
+		c->lsave[cnt++] = heap->arr[i]->lnum;
+		if (cnt >= c->lsave_cnt)
+			return;
+	}
+	heap = &c->lpt_heap[LPROPS_DIRTY - 1];
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++) {
+		c->lsave[cnt++] = heap->arr[i]->lnum;
+		if (cnt >= c->lsave_cnt)
+			return;
+	}
+	heap = &c->lpt_heap[LPROPS_FREE - 1];
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++) {
+		c->lsave[cnt++] = heap->arr[i]->lnum;
+		if (cnt >= c->lsave_cnt)
+			return;
+	}
+	/* Fill it up completely */
+	while (cnt < c->lsave_cnt)
+		c->lsave[cnt++] = c->main_first;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nnode_lookup - lookup a nnode in the LPT.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @i: nnode number
+ *
+ * This function returns a pointer to the nnode on success or a negative
+ * error code on failure.
+ */
+static struct ubifs_nnode *nnode_lookup(struct ubifs_info *c, int i)
+{
+	int err, iip;
+	struct ubifs_nnode *nnode;
+
+	if (!c->nroot) {
+		err = ubifs_read_nnode(c, NULL, 0);
+		if (err)
+			return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	nnode = c->nroot;
+	while (1) {
+		iip = i & (UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1);
+		i >>= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT;
+		if (!i)
+			break;
+		nnode = ubifs_get_nnode(c, nnode, iip);
+		if (IS_ERR(nnode))
+			return nnode;
+	}
+	return nnode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * make_nnode_dirty - find a nnode and, if found, make it dirty.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @node_num: nnode number of nnode to make dirty
+ * @lnum: LEB number where nnode was written
+ * @offs: offset where nnode was written
+ *
+ * This function is used by LPT garbage collection.  LPT garbage collection is
+ * used only for the "big" LPT model (c->big_lpt == 1).  Garbage collection
+ * simply involves marking all the nodes in the LEB being garbage-collected as
+ * dirty.  The dirty nodes are written next commit, after which the LEB is free
+ * to be reused.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int make_nnode_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int node_num, int lnum,
+			    int offs)
+{
+	struct ubifs_nnode *nnode;
+
+	nnode = nnode_lookup(c, node_num);
+	if (IS_ERR(nnode))
+		return PTR_ERR(nnode);
+	if (nnode->parent) {
+		struct ubifs_nbranch *branch;
+
+		branch = &nnode->parent->nbranch[nnode->iip];
+		if (branch->lnum != lnum || branch->offs != offs)
+			return 0; /* nnode is obsolete */
+	} else if (c->lpt_lnum != lnum || c->lpt_offs != offs)
+			return 0; /* nnode is obsolete */
+	/* Assumes cnext list is empty i.e. not called during commit */
+	if (!test_and_set_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &nnode->flags)) {
+		c->dirty_nn_cnt += 1;
+		ubifs_add_nnode_dirt(c, nnode);
+		/* Mark parent and ancestors dirty too */
+		nnode = nnode->parent;
+		while (nnode) {
+			if (!test_and_set_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &nnode->flags)) {
+				c->dirty_nn_cnt += 1;
+				ubifs_add_nnode_dirt(c, nnode);
+				nnode = nnode->parent;
+			} else
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * make_pnode_dirty - find a pnode and, if found, make it dirty.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @node_num: pnode number of pnode to make dirty
+ * @lnum: LEB number where pnode was written
+ * @offs: offset where pnode was written
+ *
+ * This function is used by LPT garbage collection.  LPT garbage collection is
+ * used only for the "big" LPT model (c->big_lpt == 1).  Garbage collection
+ * simply involves marking all the nodes in the LEB being garbage-collected as
+ * dirty.  The dirty nodes are written next commit, after which the LEB is free
+ * to be reused.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int make_pnode_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int node_num, int lnum,
+			    int offs)
+{
+	struct ubifs_pnode *pnode;
+	struct ubifs_nbranch *branch;
+
+	pnode = pnode_lookup(c, node_num);
+	if (IS_ERR(pnode))
+		return PTR_ERR(pnode);
+	branch = &pnode->parent->nbranch[pnode->iip];
+	if (branch->lnum != lnum || branch->offs != offs)
+		return 0;
+	do_make_pnode_dirty(c, pnode);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * make_ltab_dirty - make ltab node dirty.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number where ltab was written
+ * @offs: offset where ltab was written
+ *
+ * This function is used by LPT garbage collection.  LPT garbage collection is
+ * used only for the "big" LPT model (c->big_lpt == 1).  Garbage collection
+ * simply involves marking all the nodes in the LEB being garbage-collected as
+ * dirty.  The dirty nodes are written next commit, after which the LEB is free
+ * to be reused.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int make_ltab_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	if (lnum != c->ltab_lnum || offs != c->ltab_offs)
+		return 0; /* This ltab node is obsolete */
+	if (!(c->lpt_drty_flgs & LTAB_DIRTY)) {
+		c->lpt_drty_flgs |= LTAB_DIRTY;
+		ubifs_add_lpt_dirt(c, c->ltab_lnum, c->ltab_sz);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * make_lsave_dirty - make lsave node dirty.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number where lsave was written
+ * @offs: offset where lsave was written
+ *
+ * This function is used by LPT garbage collection.  LPT garbage collection is
+ * used only for the "big" LPT model (c->big_lpt == 1).  Garbage collection
+ * simply involves marking all the nodes in the LEB being garbage-collected as
+ * dirty.  The dirty nodes are written next commit, after which the LEB is free
+ * to be reused.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int make_lsave_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	if (lnum != c->lsave_lnum || offs != c->lsave_offs)
+		return 0; /* This lsave node is obsolete */
+	if (!(c->lpt_drty_flgs & LSAVE_DIRTY)) {
+		c->lpt_drty_flgs |= LSAVE_DIRTY;
+		ubifs_add_lpt_dirt(c, c->lsave_lnum, c->lsave_sz);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * make_node_dirty - make node dirty.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @node_type: LPT node type
+ * @node_num: node number
+ * @lnum: LEB number where node was written
+ * @offs: offset where node was written
+ *
+ * This function is used by LPT garbage collection.  LPT garbage collection is
+ * used only for the "big" LPT model (c->big_lpt == 1).  Garbage collection
+ * simply involves marking all the nodes in the LEB being garbage-collected as
+ * dirty.  The dirty nodes are written next commit, after which the LEB is free
+ * to be reused.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int make_node_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int node_type, int node_num,
+			   int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	switch (node_type) {
+	case UBIFS_LPT_NNODE:
+		return make_nnode_dirty(c, node_num, lnum, offs);
+	case UBIFS_LPT_PNODE:
+		return make_pnode_dirty(c, node_num, lnum, offs);
+	case UBIFS_LPT_LTAB:
+		return make_ltab_dirty(c, lnum, offs);
+	case UBIFS_LPT_LSAVE:
+		return make_lsave_dirty(c, lnum, offs);
+	}
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * get_lpt_node_len - return the length of a node based on its type.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @node_type: LPT node type
+ */
+static int get_lpt_node_len(const struct ubifs_info *c, int node_type)
+{
+	switch (node_type) {
+	case UBIFS_LPT_NNODE:
+		return c->nnode_sz;
+	case UBIFS_LPT_PNODE:
+		return c->pnode_sz;
+	case UBIFS_LPT_LTAB:
+		return c->ltab_sz;
+	case UBIFS_LPT_LSAVE:
+		return c->lsave_sz;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * get_pad_len - return the length of padding in a buffer.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: buffer
+ * @len: length of buffer
+ */
+static int get_pad_len(const struct ubifs_info *c, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+	int offs, pad_len;
+
+	if (c->min_io_size == 1)
+		return 0;
+	offs = c->leb_size - len;
+	pad_len = ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size) - offs;
+	return pad_len;
+}
+
+/**
+ * get_lpt_node_type - return type (and node number) of a node in a buffer.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: buffer
+ * @node_num: node number is returned here
+ */
+static int get_lpt_node_type(const struct ubifs_info *c, uint8_t *buf,
+			     int *node_num)
+{
+	uint8_t *addr = buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES;
+	int pos = 0, node_type;
+
+	node_type = ubifs_unpack_bits(&addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS);
+	*node_num = ubifs_unpack_bits(&addr, &pos, c->pcnt_bits);
+	return node_type;
+}
+
+/**
+ * is_a_node - determine if a buffer contains a node.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @buf: buffer
+ * @len: length of buffer
+ *
+ * This function returns %1 if the buffer contains a node or %0 if it does not.
+ */
+static int is_a_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+	uint8_t *addr = buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES;
+	int pos = 0, node_type, node_len;
+	uint16_t crc, calc_crc;
+
+	if (len < UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES + (UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS + 7) / 8)
+		return 0;
+	node_type = ubifs_unpack_bits(&addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS);
+	if (node_type == UBIFS_LPT_NOT_A_NODE)
+		return 0;
+	node_len = get_lpt_node_len(c, node_type);
+	if (!node_len || node_len > len)
+		return 0;
+	pos = 0;
+	addr = buf;
+	crc = ubifs_unpack_bits(&addr, &pos, UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BITS);
+	calc_crc = crc16(-1, buf + UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES,
+			 node_len - UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES);
+	if (crc != calc_crc)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * lpt_gc_lnum - garbage collect a LPT LEB.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number to garbage collect
+ *
+ * LPT garbage collection is used only for the "big" LPT model
+ * (c->big_lpt == 1).  Garbage collection simply involves marking all the nodes
+ * in the LEB being garbage-collected as dirty.  The dirty nodes are written
+ * next commit, after which the LEB is free to be reused.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int lpt_gc_lnum(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	int err, len = c->leb_size, node_type, node_num, node_len, offs;
+	void *buf = c->lpt_buf;
+
+	dbg_lp("LEB %d", lnum);
+
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, 0, c->leb_size, 1);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (!is_a_node(c, buf, len)) {
+			int pad_len;
+
+			pad_len = get_pad_len(c, buf, len);
+			if (pad_len) {
+				buf += pad_len;
+				len -= pad_len;
+				continue;
+			}
+			return 0;
+		}
+		node_type = get_lpt_node_type(c, buf, &node_num);
+		node_len = get_lpt_node_len(c, node_type);
+		offs = c->leb_size - len;
+		ubifs_assert(node_len != 0);
+		mutex_lock(&c->lp_mutex);
+		err = make_node_dirty(c, node_type, node_num, lnum, offs);
+		mutex_unlock(&c->lp_mutex);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		buf += node_len;
+		len -= node_len;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * lpt_gc - LPT garbage collection.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * Select a LPT LEB for LPT garbage collection and call 'lpt_gc_lnum()'.
+ * Returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int lpt_gc(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int i, lnum = -1, dirty = 0;
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->lp_mutex);
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++) {
+		ubifs_assert(!c->ltab[i].tgc);
+		if (i + c->lpt_first == c->nhead_lnum ||
+		    c->ltab[i].free + c->ltab[i].dirty == c->leb_size)
+			continue;
+		if (c->ltab[i].dirty > dirty) {
+			dirty = c->ltab[i].dirty;
+			lnum = i + c->lpt_first;
+		}
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&c->lp_mutex);
+	if (lnum == -1)
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	return lpt_gc_lnum(c, lnum);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_lpt_start_commit - UBIFS commit starts.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function has to be called when UBIFS starts the commit operation.
+ * This function "freezes" all currently dirty LEB properties and does not
+ * change them anymore. Further changes are saved and tracked separately
+ * because they are not part of this commit. This function returns zero in case
+ * of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_lpt_start_commit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, cnt;
+
+	dbg_lp("");
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->lp_mutex);
+	err = dbg_chk_lpt_free_spc(c);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	err = dbg_check_ltab(c);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (c->check_lpt_free) {
+		/*
+		 * We ensure there is enough free space in
+		 * ubifs_lpt_post_commit() by marking nodes dirty. That
+		 * information is lost when we unmount, so we also need
+		 * to check free space once after mounting also.
+		 */
+		c->check_lpt_free = 0;
+		while (need_write_all(c)) {
+			mutex_unlock(&c->lp_mutex);
+			err = lpt_gc(c);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+			mutex_lock(&c->lp_mutex);
+		}
+	}
+
+	lpt_tgc_start(c);
+
+	if (!c->dirty_pn_cnt) {
+		dbg_cmt("no cnodes to commit");
+		err = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!c->big_lpt && need_write_all(c)) {
+		/* If needed, write everything */
+		err = make_tree_dirty(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		lpt_tgc_start(c);
+	}
+
+	if (c->big_lpt)
+		populate_lsave(c);
+
+	cnt = get_cnodes_to_commit(c);
+	ubifs_assert(cnt != 0);
+
+	err = layout_cnodes(c);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Copy the LPT's own lprops for end commit to write */
+	memcpy(c->ltab_cmt, c->ltab,
+	       sizeof(struct ubifs_lpt_lprops) * c->lpt_lebs);
+	c->lpt_drty_flgs &= ~(LTAB_DIRTY | LSAVE_DIRTY);
+
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&c->lp_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
 /**
  * free_obsolete_cnodes - free obsolete cnodes for commit end.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -50,6 +1310,65 @@ static void free_obsolete_cnodes(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	c->lpt_cnext = NULL;
 }
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * ubifs_lpt_end_commit - finish the commit operation.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function has to be called when the commit operation finishes. It
+ * flushes the changes which were "frozen" by 'ubifs_lprops_start_commit()' to
+ * the media. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case
+ * of failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_lpt_end_commit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	dbg_lp("");
+
+	if (!c->lpt_cnext)
+		return 0;
+
+	err = write_cnodes(c);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->lp_mutex);
+	free_obsolete_cnodes(c);
+	mutex_unlock(&c->lp_mutex);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_lpt_post_commit - post commit LPT trivial GC and LPT GC.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * LPT trivial GC is completed after a commit. Also LPT GC is done after a
+ * commit for the "big" LPT model.
+ */
+int ubifs_lpt_post_commit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->lp_mutex);
+	err = lpt_tgc_end(c);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	if (c->big_lpt)
+		while (need_write_all(c)) {
+			mutex_unlock(&c->lp_mutex);
+			err = lpt_gc(c);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+			mutex_lock(&c->lp_mutex);
+		}
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&c->lp_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
 /**
  * first_nnode - find the first nnode in memory.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -169,3 +1488,554 @@ void ubifs_lpt_free(struct ubifs_info *c, int wr_only)
 	vfree(c->ltab);
 	kfree(c->lpt_nod_buf);
 }
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/*
+ * Everything below is related to debugging.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * dbg_is_all_ff - determine if a buffer contains only 0xFF bytes.
+ * @buf: buffer
+ * @len: buffer length
+ */
+static int dbg_is_all_ff(uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		if (buf[i] != 0xff)
+			return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_is_nnode_dirty - determine if a nnode is dirty.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number where nnode was written
+ * @offs: offset where nnode was written
+ */
+static int dbg_is_nnode_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	struct ubifs_nnode *nnode;
+	int hght;
+
+	/* Entire tree is in memory so first_nnode / next_nnode are OK */
+	nnode = first_nnode(c, &hght);
+	for (; nnode; nnode = next_nnode(c, nnode, &hght)) {
+		struct ubifs_nbranch *branch;
+
+		cond_resched();
+		if (nnode->parent) {
+			branch = &nnode->parent->nbranch[nnode->iip];
+			if (branch->lnum != lnum || branch->offs != offs)
+				continue;
+			if (test_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &nnode->flags))
+				return 1;
+			return 0;
+		} else {
+			if (c->lpt_lnum != lnum || c->lpt_offs != offs)
+				continue;
+			if (test_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &nnode->flags))
+				return 1;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_is_pnode_dirty - determine if a pnode is dirty.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number where pnode was written
+ * @offs: offset where pnode was written
+ */
+static int dbg_is_pnode_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	int i, cnt;
+
+	cnt = DIV_ROUND_UP(c->main_lebs, UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT);
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		struct ubifs_pnode *pnode;
+		struct ubifs_nbranch *branch;
+
+		cond_resched();
+		pnode = pnode_lookup(c, i);
+		if (IS_ERR(pnode))
+			return PTR_ERR(pnode);
+		branch = &pnode->parent->nbranch[pnode->iip];
+		if (branch->lnum != lnum || branch->offs != offs)
+			continue;
+		if (test_bit(DIRTY_CNODE, &pnode->flags))
+			return 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_is_ltab_dirty - determine if a ltab node is dirty.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number where ltab node was written
+ * @offs: offset where ltab node was written
+ */
+static int dbg_is_ltab_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	if (lnum != c->ltab_lnum || offs != c->ltab_offs)
+		return 1;
+	return (c->lpt_drty_flgs & LTAB_DIRTY) != 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_is_lsave_dirty - determine if a lsave node is dirty.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number where lsave node was written
+ * @offs: offset where lsave node was written
+ */
+static int dbg_is_lsave_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	if (lnum != c->lsave_lnum || offs != c->lsave_offs)
+		return 1;
+	return (c->lpt_drty_flgs & LSAVE_DIRTY) != 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_is_node_dirty - determine if a node is dirty.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @node_type: node type
+ * @lnum: LEB number where node was written
+ * @offs: offset where node was written
+ */
+static int dbg_is_node_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, int node_type, int lnum,
+			     int offs)
+{
+	switch (node_type) {
+	case UBIFS_LPT_NNODE:
+		return dbg_is_nnode_dirty(c, lnum, offs);
+	case UBIFS_LPT_PNODE:
+		return dbg_is_pnode_dirty(c, lnum, offs);
+	case UBIFS_LPT_LTAB:
+		return dbg_is_ltab_dirty(c, lnum, offs);
+	case UBIFS_LPT_LSAVE:
+		return dbg_is_lsave_dirty(c, lnum, offs);
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_ltab_lnum - check the ltab for a LPT LEB number.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number where node was written
+ * @offs: offset where node was written
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int dbg_check_ltab_lnum(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	int err, len = c->leb_size, dirty = 0, node_type, node_num, node_len;
+	int ret;
+	void *buf, *p;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_lprops(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	buf = p = __vmalloc(c->leb_size, GFP_NOFS, PAGE_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot allocate memory for ltab checking");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	dbg_lp("LEB %d", lnum);
+
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, 0, c->leb_size, 1);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (!is_a_node(c, p, len)) {
+			int i, pad_len;
+
+			pad_len = get_pad_len(c, p, len);
+			if (pad_len) {
+				p += pad_len;
+				len -= pad_len;
+				dirty += pad_len;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!dbg_is_all_ff(p, len)) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "invalid empty space in LEB %d at %d",
+					  lnum, c->leb_size - len);
+				err = -EINVAL;
+			}
+			i = lnum - c->lpt_first;
+			if (len != c->ltab[i].free) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "invalid free space in LEB %d (free %d, expected %d)",
+					  lnum, len, c->ltab[i].free);
+				err = -EINVAL;
+			}
+			if (dirty != c->ltab[i].dirty) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "invalid dirty space in LEB %d (dirty %d, expected %d)",
+					  lnum, dirty, c->ltab[i].dirty);
+				err = -EINVAL;
+			}
+			goto out;
+		}
+		node_type = get_lpt_node_type(c, p, &node_num);
+		node_len = get_lpt_node_len(c, node_type);
+		ret = dbg_is_node_dirty(c, node_type, lnum, c->leb_size - len);
+		if (ret == 1)
+			dirty += node_len;
+		p += node_len;
+		len -= node_len;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+out:
+	vfree(buf);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_ltab - check the free and dirty space in the ltab.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int dbg_check_ltab(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int lnum, err, i, cnt;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_lprops(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Bring the entire tree into memory */
+	cnt = DIV_ROUND_UP(c->main_lebs, UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT);
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		struct ubifs_pnode *pnode;
+
+		pnode = pnode_lookup(c, i);
+		if (IS_ERR(pnode))
+			return PTR_ERR(pnode);
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+
+	/* Check nodes */
+	err = dbg_check_lpt_nodes(c, (struct ubifs_cnode *)c->nroot, 0, 0);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	/* Check each LEB */
+	for (lnum = c->lpt_first; lnum <= c->lpt_last; lnum++) {
+		err = dbg_check_ltab_lnum(c, lnum);
+		if (err) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "failed at LEB %d", lnum);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	dbg_lp("succeeded");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_chk_lpt_free_spc - check LPT free space is enough to write entire LPT.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int dbg_chk_lpt_free_spc(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	long long free = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_lprops(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++) {
+		if (c->ltab[i].tgc || c->ltab[i].cmt)
+			continue;
+		if (i + c->lpt_first == c->nhead_lnum)
+			free += c->leb_size - c->nhead_offs;
+		else if (c->ltab[i].free == c->leb_size)
+			free += c->leb_size;
+	}
+	if (free < c->lpt_sz) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "LPT space error: free %lld lpt_sz %lld",
+			  free, c->lpt_sz);
+		ubifs_dump_lpt_info(c);
+		ubifs_dump_lpt_lebs(c);
+		dump_stack();
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_chk_lpt_sz - check LPT does not write more than LPT size.
+ * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @action: what to do
+ * @len: length written
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ * The @action argument may be one of:
+ *   o %0 - LPT debugging checking starts, initialize debugging variables;
+ *   o %1 - wrote an LPT node, increase LPT size by @len bytes;
+ *   o %2 - switched to a different LEB and wasted @len bytes;
+ *   o %3 - check that we've written the right number of bytes.
+ *   o %4 - wasted @len bytes;
+ */
+int dbg_chk_lpt_sz(struct ubifs_info *c, int action, int len)
+{
+	struct ubifs_debug_info *d = c->dbg;
+	long long chk_lpt_sz, lpt_sz;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_lprops(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	switch (action) {
+	case 0:
+		d->chk_lpt_sz = 0;
+		d->chk_lpt_sz2 = 0;
+		d->chk_lpt_lebs = 0;
+		d->chk_lpt_wastage = 0;
+		if (c->dirty_pn_cnt > c->pnode_cnt) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "dirty pnodes %d exceed max %d",
+				  c->dirty_pn_cnt, c->pnode_cnt);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (c->dirty_nn_cnt > c->nnode_cnt) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "dirty nnodes %d exceed max %d",
+				  c->dirty_nn_cnt, c->nnode_cnt);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		}
+		return err;
+	case 1:
+		d->chk_lpt_sz += len;
+		return 0;
+	case 2:
+		d->chk_lpt_sz += len;
+		d->chk_lpt_wastage += len;
+		d->chk_lpt_lebs += 1;
+		return 0;
+	case 3:
+		chk_lpt_sz = c->leb_size;
+		chk_lpt_sz *= d->chk_lpt_lebs;
+		chk_lpt_sz += len - c->nhead_offs;
+		if (d->chk_lpt_sz != chk_lpt_sz) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "LPT wrote %lld but space used was %lld",
+				  d->chk_lpt_sz, chk_lpt_sz);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (d->chk_lpt_sz > c->lpt_sz) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "LPT wrote %lld but lpt_sz is %lld",
+				  d->chk_lpt_sz, c->lpt_sz);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (d->chk_lpt_sz2 && d->chk_lpt_sz != d->chk_lpt_sz2) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "LPT layout size %lld but wrote %lld",
+				  d->chk_lpt_sz, d->chk_lpt_sz2);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (d->chk_lpt_sz2 && d->new_nhead_offs != len) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "LPT new nhead offs: expected %d was %d",
+				  d->new_nhead_offs, len);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		}
+		lpt_sz = (long long)c->pnode_cnt * c->pnode_sz;
+		lpt_sz += (long long)c->nnode_cnt * c->nnode_sz;
+		lpt_sz += c->ltab_sz;
+		if (c->big_lpt)
+			lpt_sz += c->lsave_sz;
+		if (d->chk_lpt_sz - d->chk_lpt_wastage > lpt_sz) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "LPT chk_lpt_sz %lld + waste %lld exceeds %lld",
+				  d->chk_lpt_sz, d->chk_lpt_wastage, lpt_sz);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (err) {
+			ubifs_dump_lpt_info(c);
+			ubifs_dump_lpt_lebs(c);
+			dump_stack();
+		}
+		d->chk_lpt_sz2 = d->chk_lpt_sz;
+		d->chk_lpt_sz = 0;
+		d->chk_lpt_wastage = 0;
+		d->chk_lpt_lebs = 0;
+		d->new_nhead_offs = len;
+		return err;
+	case 4:
+		d->chk_lpt_sz += len;
+		d->chk_lpt_wastage += len;
+		return 0;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_dump_lpt_leb - dump an LPT LEB.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB number to dump
+ *
+ * This function dumps an LEB from LPT area. Nodes in this area are very
+ * different to nodes in the main area (e.g., they do not have common headers,
+ * they do not have 8-byte alignments, etc), so we have a separate function to
+ * dump LPT area LEBs. Note, LPT has to be locked by the caller.
+ */
+static void dump_lpt_leb(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	int err, len = c->leb_size, node_type, node_num, node_len, offs;
+	void *buf, *p;
+
+	pr_err("(pid %d) start dumping LEB %d\n", current->pid, lnum);
+	buf = p = __vmalloc(c->leb_size, GFP_NOFS, PAGE_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot allocate memory to dump LPT");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, 0, c->leb_size, 1);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	while (1) {
+		offs = c->leb_size - len;
+		if (!is_a_node(c, p, len)) {
+			int pad_len;
+
+			pad_len = get_pad_len(c, p, len);
+			if (pad_len) {
+				pr_err("LEB %d:%d, pad %d bytes\n",
+				       lnum, offs, pad_len);
+				p += pad_len;
+				len -= pad_len;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (len)
+				pr_err("LEB %d:%d, free %d bytes\n",
+				       lnum, offs, len);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		node_type = get_lpt_node_type(c, p, &node_num);
+		switch (node_type) {
+		case UBIFS_LPT_PNODE:
+		{
+			node_len = c->pnode_sz;
+			if (c->big_lpt)
+				pr_err("LEB %d:%d, pnode num %d\n",
+				       lnum, offs, node_num);
+			else
+				pr_err("LEB %d:%d, pnode\n", lnum, offs);
+			break;
+		}
+		case UBIFS_LPT_NNODE:
+		{
+			int i;
+			struct ubifs_nnode nnode;
+
+			node_len = c->nnode_sz;
+			if (c->big_lpt)
+				pr_err("LEB %d:%d, nnode num %d, ",
+				       lnum, offs, node_num);
+			else
+				pr_err("LEB %d:%d, nnode, ",
+				       lnum, offs);
+			err = ubifs_unpack_nnode(c, p, &nnode);
+			if (err) {
+				pr_err("failed to unpack_node, error %d\n",
+				       err);
+				break;
+			}
+			for (i = 0; i < UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT; i++) {
+				pr_cont("%d:%d", nnode.nbranch[i].lnum,
+				       nnode.nbranch[i].offs);
+				if (i != UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT - 1)
+					pr_cont(", ");
+			}
+			pr_cont("\n");
+			break;
+		}
+		case UBIFS_LPT_LTAB:
+			node_len = c->ltab_sz;
+			pr_err("LEB %d:%d, ltab\n", lnum, offs);
+			break;
+		case UBIFS_LPT_LSAVE:
+			node_len = c->lsave_sz;
+			pr_err("LEB %d:%d, lsave len\n", lnum, offs);
+			break;
+		default:
+			ubifs_err(c, "LPT node type %d not recognized", node_type);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		p += node_len;
+		len -= node_len;
+	}
+
+	pr_err("(pid %d) finish dumping LEB %d\n", current->pid, lnum);
+out:
+	vfree(buf);
+	return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_dump_lpt_lebs - dump LPT lebs.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function dumps all LPT LEBs. The caller has to make sure the LPT is
+ * locked.
+ */
+void ubifs_dump_lpt_lebs(const struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	pr_err("(pid %d) start dumping all LPT LEBs\n", current->pid);
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lpt_lebs; i++)
+		dump_lpt_leb(c, i + c->lpt_first);
+	pr_err("(pid %d) finish dumping all LPT LEBs\n", current->pid);
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_populate_lsave - debugging version of 'populate_lsave()'
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This is a debugging version for 'populate_lsave()' which populates lsave
+ * with random LEBs instead of useful LEBs, which is good for test coverage.
+ * Returns zero if lsave has not been populated (this debugging feature is
+ * disabled) an non-zero if lsave has been populated.
+ */
+static int dbg_populate_lsave(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_lprops *lprops;
+	struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_gen(c))
+		return 0;
+	if (prandom_u32() & 3)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lsave_cnt; i++)
+		c->lsave[i] = c->main_first;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->empty_list, list)
+		c->lsave[prandom_u32() % c->lsave_cnt] = lprops->lnum;
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->freeable_list, list)
+		c->lsave[prandom_u32() % c->lsave_cnt] = lprops->lnum;
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->frdi_idx_list, list)
+		c->lsave[prandom_u32() % c->lsave_cnt] = lprops->lnum;
+
+	heap = &c->lpt_heap[LPROPS_DIRTY_IDX - 1];
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++)
+		c->lsave[prandom_u32() % c->lsave_cnt] = heap->arr[i]->lnum;
+	heap = &c->lpt_heap[LPROPS_DIRTY - 1];
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++)
+		c->lsave[prandom_u32() % c->lsave_cnt] = heap->arr[i]->lnum;
+	heap = &c->lpt_heap[LPROPS_FREE - 1];
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++)
+		c->lsave[prandom_u32() % c->lsave_cnt] = heap->arr[i]->lnum;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/master.c b/fs/ubifs/master.c
index 3f2926e870..40d9ab4f35 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/master.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/master.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -23,13 +12,17 @@
 /* This file implements reading and writing the master node */
 
 #include "ubifs.h"
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#endif
 
 /**
  * scan_for_master - search the valid master node.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
  * This function scans the master node LEBs and search for the latest master
- * node. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
+ * node. Returns zero in case of success, %-EUCLEAN if there master area is
+ * corrupted and requires recovery, and a negative error code in case of
  * failure.
  */
 static int scan_for_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
@@ -40,7 +33,7 @@ static int scan_for_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 
 	lnum = UBIFS_MST_LNUM;
 
-	sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf);
+	sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf, 1);
 	if (IS_ERR(sleb))
 		return PTR_ERR(sleb);
 	nodes_cnt = sleb->nodes_cnt;
@@ -48,7 +41,7 @@ static int scan_for_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 		snod = list_entry(sleb->nodes.prev, struct ubifs_scan_node,
 				  list);
 		if (snod->type != UBIFS_MST_NODE)
-			goto out;
+			goto out_dump;
 		memcpy(c->mst_node, snod->node, snod->len);
 		offs = snod->offs;
 	}
@@ -56,7 +49,7 @@ static int scan_for_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 
 	lnum += 1;
 
-	sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf);
+	sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf, 1);
 	if (IS_ERR(sleb))
 		return PTR_ERR(sleb);
 	if (sleb->nodes_cnt != nodes_cnt)
@@ -65,7 +58,7 @@ static int scan_for_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 		goto out;
 	snod = list_entry(sleb->nodes.prev, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
 	if (snod->type != UBIFS_MST_NODE)
-		goto out;
+		goto out_dump;
 	if (snod->offs != offs)
 		goto out;
 	if (memcmp((void *)c->mst_node + UBIFS_CH_SZ,
@@ -78,6 +71,12 @@ static int scan_for_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 
 out:
 	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
+	return -EUCLEAN;
+
+out_dump:
+	ubifs_err(c, "unexpected node type %d master LEB %d:%d",
+		  snod->type, lnum, snod->offs);
+	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ static int validate_master(const struct ubifs_info *c)
 	}
 
 	main_sz = (long long)c->main_lebs * c->leb_size;
-	if (c->old_idx_sz & 7 || c->old_idx_sz >= main_sz) {
+	if (c->bi.old_idx_sz & 7 || c->bi.old_idx_sz >= main_sz) {
 		err = 9;
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@ static int validate_master(const struct ubifs_info *c)
 	}
 
 	if (c->lst.total_dead + c->lst.total_dark +
-	    c->lst.total_used + c->old_idx_sz > main_sz) {
+	    c->lst.total_used + c->bi.old_idx_sz > main_sz) {
 		err = 21;
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -233,8 +232,8 @@ static int validate_master(const struct ubifs_info *c)
 	return 0;
 
 out:
-	ubifs_err("bad master node at offset %d error %d", c->mst_offs, err);
-	dbg_dump_node(c, c->mst_node);
+	ubifs_err(c, "bad master node at offset %d error %d", c->mst_offs, err);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, c->mst_node);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
@@ -256,7 +255,8 @@ int ubifs_read_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 
 	err = scan_for_master(c);
 	if (err) {
-		err = ubifs_recover_master_node(c);
+		if (err == -EUCLEAN)
+			err = ubifs_recover_master_node(c);
 		if (err)
 			/*
 			 * Note, we do not free 'c->mst_node' here because the
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ int ubifs_read_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	c->gc_lnum         = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->gc_lnum);
 	c->ihead_lnum      = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->ihead_lnum);
 	c->ihead_offs      = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->ihead_offs);
-	c->old_idx_sz      = le64_to_cpu(c->mst_node->index_size);
+	c->bi.old_idx_sz   = le64_to_cpu(c->mst_node->index_size);
 	c->lpt_lnum        = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->lpt_lnum);
 	c->lpt_offs        = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->lpt_offs);
 	c->nhead_lnum      = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->nhead_lnum);
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ int ubifs_read_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	c->lst.total_dead  = le64_to_cpu(c->mst_node->total_dead);
 	c->lst.total_dark  = le64_to_cpu(c->mst_node->total_dark);
 
-	c->calc_idx_sz = c->old_idx_sz;
+	c->calc_idx_sz = c->bi.old_idx_sz;
 
 	if (c->mst_node->flags & cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_NO_ORPHS))
 		c->no_orphs = 1;
@@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ int ubifs_read_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 
 		if (c->leb_cnt < old_leb_cnt ||
 		    c->leb_cnt < UBIFS_MIN_LEB_CNT) {
-			ubifs_err("bad leb_cnt on master node");
-			dbg_dump_node(c, c->mst_node);
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad leb_cnt on master node");
+			ubifs_dump_node(c, c->mst_node);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 
@@ -335,7 +335,57 @@ int ubifs_read_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
 	err = dbg_old_index_check_init(c, &c->zroot);
+#endif
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * ubifs_write_master - write master node.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function writes the master node. Returns zero in case of success and a
+ * negative error code in case of failure. The master node is written twice to
+ * enable recovery.
+ */
+int ubifs_write_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, lnum, offs, len;
+
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
+	if (c->ro_error)
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	lnum = UBIFS_MST_LNUM;
+	offs = c->mst_offs + c->mst_node_alsz;
+	len = UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ;
+
+	if (offs + UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ > c->leb_size) {
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		offs = 0;
+	}
+
+	c->mst_offs = offs;
+	c->mst_node->highest_inum = cpu_to_le64(c->highest_inum);
+
+	err = ubifs_write_node(c, c->mst_node, len, lnum, offs);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	lnum += 1;
+
+	if (offs == 0) {
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+	err = ubifs_write_node(c, c->mst_node, len, lnum, offs);
 
 	return err;
 }
+#endif
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/misc.h b/fs/ubifs/misc.h
index e2eeccfd64..c0597d04f2 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/misc.h
+++ b/fs/ubifs/misc.h
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -39,6 +28,29 @@ static inline int ubifs_zn_dirty(const struct ubifs_znode *znode)
 }
 
 /**
+ * ubifs_zn_obsolete - check if znode is obsolete.
+ * @znode: znode to check
+ *
+ * This helper function returns %1 if @znode is obsolete and %0 otherwise.
+ */
+static inline int ubifs_zn_obsolete(const struct ubifs_znode *znode)
+{
+	return !!test_bit(OBSOLETE_ZNODE, &znode->flags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_zn_cow - check if znode has to be copied on write.
+ * @znode: znode to check
+ *
+ * This helper function returns %1 if @znode is has COW flag set and %0
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static inline int ubifs_zn_cow(const struct ubifs_znode *znode)
+{
+	return !!test_bit(COW_ZNODE, &znode->flags);
+}
+
+/**
  * ubifs_wake_up_bgt - wake up background thread.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  */
@@ -89,7 +101,7 @@ static inline struct ubifs_inode *ubifs_inode(const struct inode *inode)
 static inline int ubifs_compr_present(int compr_type)
 {
 	ubifs_assert(compr_type >= 0 && compr_type < UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT);
-	return !!ubifs_compressors[compr_type].capi_name;
+	return !!ubifs_compressors[compr_type]->capi_name;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -101,7 +113,7 @@ static inline int ubifs_compr_present(int compr_type)
 static inline const char *ubifs_compr_name(int compr_type)
 {
 	ubifs_assert(compr_type >= 0 && compr_type < UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT);
-	return ubifs_compressors[compr_type].name;
+	return ubifs_compressors[compr_type]->name;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -121,82 +133,27 @@ static inline int ubifs_wbuf_sync(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf)
 	return err;
 }
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
 /**
- * ubifs_leb_unmap - unmap an LEB.
- * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @lnum: LEB number to unmap
- *
- * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
- */
-static inline int ubifs_leb_unmap(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	if (c->ro_media)
-		return -EROFS;
-	err = ubi_leb_unmap(c->ubi, lnum);
-	if (err) {
-		ubifs_err("unmap LEB %d failed, error %d", lnum, err);
-		return err;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * ubifs_leb_write - write to a LEB.
- * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @lnum: LEB number to write
- * @buf: buffer to write from
- * @offs: offset within LEB to write to
- * @len: length to write
- * @dtype: data type
- *
- * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
- */
-static inline int ubifs_leb_write(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
-				  const void *buf, int offs, int len, int dtype)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	if (c->ro_media)
-		return -EROFS;
-	err = ubi_leb_write(c->ubi, lnum, buf, offs, len);
-	if (err) {
-		ubifs_err("writing %d bytes at %d:%d, error %d",
-			  len, lnum, offs, err);
-		return err;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * ubifs_leb_change - atomic LEB change.
- * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @lnum: LEB number to write
- * @buf: buffer to write from
- * @len: length to write
- * @dtype: data type
+ * ubifs_encode_dev - encode device node IDs.
+ * @dev: UBIFS device node information
+ * @rdev: device IDs to encode
  *
- * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ * This is a helper function which encodes major/minor numbers of a device node
+ * into UBIFS device node description. We use standard Linux "new" and "huge"
+ * encodings.
  */
-static inline int ubifs_leb_change(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
-				   const void *buf, int len, int dtype)
+static inline int ubifs_encode_dev(union ubifs_dev_desc *dev, dev_t rdev)
 {
-	int err;
-
-	if (c->ro_media)
-		return -EROFS;
-	err = ubi_leb_change(c->ubi, lnum, buf, len);
-	if (err) {
-		ubifs_err("changing %d bytes in LEB %d, error %d",
-			  len, lnum, err);
-		return err;
+	if (new_valid_dev(rdev)) {
+		dev->new = cpu_to_le32(new_encode_dev(rdev));
+		return sizeof(dev->new);
+	} else {
+		dev->huge = cpu_to_le64(huge_encode_dev(rdev));
+		return sizeof(dev->huge);
 	}
-
-	return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 /**
  * ubifs_add_dirt - add dirty space to LEB properties.
@@ -260,10 +217,28 @@ struct ubifs_branch *ubifs_idx_branch(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 static inline void *ubifs_idx_key(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 				  const struct ubifs_idx_node *idx)
 {
-	const __u8 *branch = idx->branches;
-	return (void *)((struct ubifs_branch *)branch)->key;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	return (void *)((struct ubifs_branch *)idx->branches)->key;
+#else
+	struct ubifs_branch *tmp;
+
+	tmp = (struct ubifs_branch *)idx->branches;
+	return (void *)tmp->key;
+#endif
 }
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * ubifs_current_time - round current time to time granularity.
+ * @inode: inode
+ */
+static inline struct timespec ubifs_current_time(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return (inode->i_sb->s_time_gran < NSEC_PER_SEC) ?
+		current_fs_time(inode->i_sb) : CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * ubifs_tnc_lookup - look up a file-system node.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -308,4 +283,21 @@ static inline void ubifs_release_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	mutex_unlock(&c->lp_mutex);
 }
 
+/**
+ * ubifs_next_log_lnum - switch to the next log LEB.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: current log LEB
+ *
+ * This helper function returns the log LEB number which goes next after LEB
+ * 'lnum'.
+ */
+static inline int ubifs_next_log_lnum(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	lnum += 1;
+	if (lnum > c->log_last)
+		lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;
+
+	return lnum;
+}
+
 #endif /* __UBIFS_MISC_H__ */
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/orphan.c b/fs/ubifs/orphan.c
index c4f9bb10e4..f5c8e23d0b 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/orphan.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/orphan.c
@@ -3,22 +3,12 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Author: Adrian Hunter
  */
 
+#include <linux/err.h>
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
 /*
@@ -52,6 +42,166 @@
  * than the maximum number of orphans allowed.
  */
 
+static int dbg_check_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c);
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_add_orphan - add an orphan.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @inum: orphan inode number
+ *
+ * Add an orphan. This function is called when an inodes link count drops to
+ * zero.
+ */
+int ubifs_add_orphan(struct ubifs_info *c, ino_t inum)
+{
+	struct ubifs_orphan *orphan, *o;
+	struct rb_node **p, *parent = NULL;
+
+	orphan = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_orphan), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!orphan)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	orphan->inum = inum;
+	orphan->new = 1;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	if (c->tot_orphans >= c->max_orphans) {
+		spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+		kfree(orphan);
+		return -ENFILE;
+	}
+	p = &c->orph_tree.rb_node;
+	while (*p) {
+		parent = *p;
+		o = rb_entry(parent, struct ubifs_orphan, rb);
+		if (inum < o->inum)
+			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
+		else if (inum > o->inum)
+			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
+		else {
+			ubifs_err(c, "orphaned twice");
+			spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+			kfree(orphan);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	c->tot_orphans += 1;
+	c->new_orphans += 1;
+	rb_link_node(&orphan->rb, parent, p);
+	rb_insert_color(&orphan->rb, &c->orph_tree);
+	list_add_tail(&orphan->list, &c->orph_list);
+	list_add_tail(&orphan->new_list, &c->orph_new);
+	spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	dbg_gen("ino %lu", (unsigned long)inum);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_delete_orphan - delete an orphan.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @inum: orphan inode number
+ *
+ * Delete an orphan. This function is called when an inode is deleted.
+ */
+void ubifs_delete_orphan(struct ubifs_info *c, ino_t inum)
+{
+	struct ubifs_orphan *o;
+	struct rb_node *p;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	p = c->orph_tree.rb_node;
+	while (p) {
+		o = rb_entry(p, struct ubifs_orphan, rb);
+		if (inum < o->inum)
+			p = p->rb_left;
+		else if (inum > o->inum)
+			p = p->rb_right;
+		else {
+			if (o->del) {
+				spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+				dbg_gen("deleted twice ino %lu",
+					(unsigned long)inum);
+				return;
+			}
+			if (o->cmt) {
+				o->del = 1;
+				o->dnext = c->orph_dnext;
+				c->orph_dnext = o;
+				spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+				dbg_gen("delete later ino %lu",
+					(unsigned long)inum);
+				return;
+			}
+			rb_erase(p, &c->orph_tree);
+			list_del(&o->list);
+			c->tot_orphans -= 1;
+			if (o->new) {
+				list_del(&o->new_list);
+				c->new_orphans -= 1;
+			}
+			spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+			kfree(o);
+			dbg_gen("inum %lu", (unsigned long)inum);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	ubifs_err(c, "missing orphan ino %lu", (unsigned long)inum);
+	dump_stack();
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_orphan_start_commit - start commit of orphans.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * Start commit of orphans.
+ */
+int ubifs_orphan_start_commit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_orphan *orphan, **last;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	last = &c->orph_cnext;
+	list_for_each_entry(orphan, &c->orph_new, new_list) {
+		ubifs_assert(orphan->new);
+		ubifs_assert(!orphan->cmt);
+		orphan->new = 0;
+		orphan->cmt = 1;
+		*last = orphan;
+		last = &orphan->cnext;
+	}
+	*last = NULL;
+	c->cmt_orphans = c->new_orphans;
+	c->new_orphans = 0;
+	dbg_cmt("%d orphans to commit", c->cmt_orphans);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->orph_new);
+	if (c->tot_orphans == 0)
+		c->no_orphs = 1;
+	else
+		c->no_orphs = 0;
+	spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * avail_orphs - calculate available space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function returns the number of orphans that can be written in the
+ * available space.
+ */
+static int avail_orphs(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int avail_lebs, avail, gap;
+
+	avail_lebs = c->orph_lebs - (c->ohead_lnum - c->orph_first) - 1;
+	avail = avail_lebs *
+	       ((c->leb_size - UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ) / sizeof(__le64));
+	gap = c->leb_size - c->ohead_offs;
+	if (gap >= UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ + sizeof(__le64))
+		avail += (gap - UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ) / sizeof(__le64);
+	return avail;
+}
+
 /**
  * tot_avail_orphs - calculate total space.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -70,6 +220,255 @@ static int tot_avail_orphs(struct ubifs_info *c)
 }
 
 /**
+ * do_write_orph_node - write a node to the orphan head.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @len: length of node
+ * @atomic: write atomically
+ *
+ * This function writes a node to the orphan head from the orphan buffer. If
+ * %atomic is not zero, then the write is done atomically. On success, %0 is
+ * returned, otherwise a negative error code is returned.
+ */
+static int do_write_orph_node(struct ubifs_info *c, int len, int atomic)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (atomic) {
+		ubifs_assert(c->ohead_offs == 0);
+		ubifs_prepare_node(c, c->orph_buf, len, 1);
+		len = ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size);
+		err = ubifs_leb_change(c, c->ohead_lnum, c->orph_buf, len);
+	} else {
+		if (c->ohead_offs == 0) {
+			/* Ensure LEB has been unmapped */
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, c->ohead_lnum);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+		err = ubifs_write_node(c, c->orph_buf, len, c->ohead_lnum,
+				       c->ohead_offs);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * write_orph_node - write an orphan node.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @atomic: write atomically
+ *
+ * This function builds an orphan node from the cnext list and writes it to the
+ * orphan head. On success, %0 is returned, otherwise a negative error code
+ * is returned.
+ */
+static int write_orph_node(struct ubifs_info *c, int atomic)
+{
+	struct ubifs_orphan *orphan, *cnext;
+	struct ubifs_orph_node *orph;
+	int gap, err, len, cnt, i;
+
+	ubifs_assert(c->cmt_orphans > 0);
+	gap = c->leb_size - c->ohead_offs;
+	if (gap < UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ + sizeof(__le64)) {
+		c->ohead_lnum += 1;
+		c->ohead_offs = 0;
+		gap = c->leb_size;
+		if (c->ohead_lnum > c->orph_last) {
+			/*
+			 * We limit the number of orphans so that this should
+			 * never happen.
+			 */
+			ubifs_err(c, "out of space in orphan area");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+	cnt = (gap - UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ) / sizeof(__le64);
+	if (cnt > c->cmt_orphans)
+		cnt = c->cmt_orphans;
+	len = UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ + cnt * sizeof(__le64);
+	ubifs_assert(c->orph_buf);
+	orph = c->orph_buf;
+	orph->ch.node_type = UBIFS_ORPH_NODE;
+	spin_lock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	cnext = c->orph_cnext;
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		orphan = cnext;
+		ubifs_assert(orphan->cmt);
+		orph->inos[i] = cpu_to_le64(orphan->inum);
+		orphan->cmt = 0;
+		cnext = orphan->cnext;
+		orphan->cnext = NULL;
+	}
+	c->orph_cnext = cnext;
+	c->cmt_orphans -= cnt;
+	spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	if (c->cmt_orphans)
+		orph->cmt_no = cpu_to_le64(c->cmt_no);
+	else
+		/* Mark the last node of the commit */
+		orph->cmt_no = cpu_to_le64((c->cmt_no) | (1ULL << 63));
+	ubifs_assert(c->ohead_offs + len <= c->leb_size);
+	ubifs_assert(c->ohead_lnum >= c->orph_first);
+	ubifs_assert(c->ohead_lnum <= c->orph_last);
+	err = do_write_orph_node(c, len, atomic);
+	c->ohead_offs += ALIGN(len, c->min_io_size);
+	c->ohead_offs = ALIGN(c->ohead_offs, 8);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * write_orph_nodes - write orphan nodes until there are no more to commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @atomic: write atomically
+ *
+ * This function writes orphan nodes for all the orphans to commit. On success,
+ * %0 is returned, otherwise a negative error code is returned.
+ */
+static int write_orph_nodes(struct ubifs_info *c, int atomic)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	while (c->cmt_orphans > 0) {
+		err = write_orph_node(c, atomic);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+	if (atomic) {
+		int lnum;
+
+		/* Unmap any unused LEBs after consolidation */
+		for (lnum = c->ohead_lnum + 1; lnum <= c->orph_last; lnum++) {
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * consolidate - consolidate the orphan area.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function enables consolidation by putting all the orphans into the list
+ * to commit. The list is in the order that the orphans were added, and the
+ * LEBs are written atomically in order, so at no time can orphans be lost by
+ * an unclean unmount.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int consolidate(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int tot_avail = tot_avail_orphs(c), err = 0;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	dbg_cmt("there is space for %d orphans and there are %d",
+		tot_avail, c->tot_orphans);
+	if (c->tot_orphans - c->new_orphans <= tot_avail) {
+		struct ubifs_orphan *orphan, **last;
+		int cnt = 0;
+
+		/* Change the cnext list to include all non-new orphans */
+		last = &c->orph_cnext;
+		list_for_each_entry(orphan, &c->orph_list, list) {
+			if (orphan->new)
+				continue;
+			orphan->cmt = 1;
+			*last = orphan;
+			last = &orphan->cnext;
+			cnt += 1;
+		}
+		*last = NULL;
+		ubifs_assert(cnt == c->tot_orphans - c->new_orphans);
+		c->cmt_orphans = cnt;
+		c->ohead_lnum = c->orph_first;
+		c->ohead_offs = 0;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * We limit the number of orphans so that this should
+		 * never happen.
+		 */
+		ubifs_err(c, "out of space in orphan area");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * commit_orphans - commit orphans.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function commits orphans to flash. On success, %0 is returned,
+ * otherwise a negative error code is returned.
+ */
+static int commit_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int avail, atomic = 0, err;
+
+	ubifs_assert(c->cmt_orphans > 0);
+	avail = avail_orphs(c);
+	if (avail < c->cmt_orphans) {
+		/* Not enough space to write new orphans, so consolidate */
+		err = consolidate(c);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		atomic = 1;
+	}
+	err = write_orph_nodes(c, atomic);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * erase_deleted - erase the orphans marked for deletion.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * During commit, the orphans being committed cannot be deleted, so they are
+ * marked for deletion and deleted by this function. Also, the recovery
+ * adds killed orphans to the deletion list, and therefore they are deleted
+ * here too.
+ */
+static void erase_deleted(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_orphan *orphan, *dnext;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	dnext = c->orph_dnext;
+	while (dnext) {
+		orphan = dnext;
+		dnext = orphan->dnext;
+		ubifs_assert(!orphan->new);
+		ubifs_assert(orphan->del);
+		rb_erase(&orphan->rb, &c->orph_tree);
+		list_del(&orphan->list);
+		c->tot_orphans -= 1;
+		dbg_gen("deleting orphan ino %lu", (unsigned long)orphan->inum);
+		kfree(orphan);
+	}
+	c->orph_dnext = NULL;
+	spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_orphan_end_commit - end commit of orphans.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * End commit of orphans.
+ */
+int ubifs_orphan_end_commit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (c->cmt_orphans != 0) {
+		err = commit_orphans(c);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+	erase_deleted(c);
+	err = dbg_check_orphans(c);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
  * ubifs_clear_orphans - erase all LEBs used for orphans.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
@@ -128,6 +527,7 @@ static int insert_dead_orphan(struct ubifs_info *c, ino_t inum)
 	rb_link_node(&orphan->rb, parent, p);
 	rb_insert_color(&orphan->rb, &c->orph_tree);
 	list_add_tail(&orphan->list, &c->orph_list);
+	orphan->del = 1;
 	orphan->dnext = c->orph_dnext;
 	c->orph_dnext = orphan;
 	dbg_mnt("ino %lu, new %d, tot %d", (unsigned long)inum,
@@ -159,9 +559,9 @@ static int do_kill_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
 
 	list_for_each_entry(snod, &sleb->nodes, list) {
 		if (snod->type != UBIFS_ORPH_NODE) {
-			ubifs_err("invalid node type %d in orphan area at "
-				  "%d:%d", snod->type, sleb->lnum, snod->offs);
-			dbg_dump_node(c, snod->node);
+			ubifs_err(c, "invalid node type %d in orphan area at %d:%d",
+				  snod->type, sleb->lnum, snod->offs);
+			ubifs_dump_node(c, snod->node);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 
@@ -186,10 +586,9 @@ static int do_kill_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
 			 * number. That makes this orphan node, out of date.
 			 */
 			if (!first) {
-				ubifs_err("out of order commit number %llu in "
-					  "orphan node at %d:%d",
+				ubifs_err(c, "out of order commit number %llu in orphan node at %d:%d",
 					  cmt_no, sleb->lnum, snod->offs);
-				dbg_dump_node(c, snod->node);
+				ubifs_dump_node(c, snod->node);
 				return -EINVAL;
 			}
 			dbg_rcvry("out of date LEB %d", sleb->lnum);
@@ -262,9 +661,11 @@ static int kill_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c)
 		struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
 
 		dbg_rcvry("LEB %d", lnum);
-		sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf);
+		sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf, 1);
 		if (IS_ERR(sleb)) {
-			sleb = ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf, 0);
+			if (PTR_ERR(sleb) == -EUCLEAN)
+				sleb = ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, 0,
+							 c->sbuf, -1);
 			if (IS_ERR(sleb)) {
 				err = PTR_ERR(sleb);
 				break;
@@ -299,8 +700,6 @@ int ubifs_mount_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c, int unclean, int read_only)
 {
 	int err = 0;
 
-	read_only = ubifs_readonly(c) || read_only;
-
 	c->max_orphans = tot_avail_orphs(c);
 
 	if (!read_only) {
@@ -316,3 +715,232 @@ int ubifs_mount_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c, int unclean, int read_only)
 
 	return err;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Everything below is related to debugging.
+ */
+
+struct check_orphan {
+	struct rb_node rb;
+	ino_t inum;
+};
+
+struct check_info {
+	unsigned long last_ino;
+	unsigned long tot_inos;
+	unsigned long missing;
+	unsigned long long leaf_cnt;
+	struct ubifs_ino_node *node;
+	struct rb_root root;
+};
+
+static int dbg_find_orphan(struct ubifs_info *c, ino_t inum)
+{
+	struct ubifs_orphan *o;
+	struct rb_node *p;
+
+	spin_lock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	p = c->orph_tree.rb_node;
+	while (p) {
+		o = rb_entry(p, struct ubifs_orphan, rb);
+		if (inum < o->inum)
+			p = p->rb_left;
+		else if (inum > o->inum)
+			p = p->rb_right;
+		else {
+			spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&c->orphan_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int dbg_ins_check_orphan(struct rb_root *root, ino_t inum)
+{
+	struct check_orphan *orphan, *o;
+	struct rb_node **p, *parent = NULL;
+
+	orphan = kzalloc(sizeof(struct check_orphan), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!orphan)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	orphan->inum = inum;
+
+	p = &root->rb_node;
+	while (*p) {
+		parent = *p;
+		o = rb_entry(parent, struct check_orphan, rb);
+		if (inum < o->inum)
+			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
+		else if (inum > o->inum)
+			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
+		else {
+			kfree(orphan);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	rb_link_node(&orphan->rb, parent, p);
+	rb_insert_color(&orphan->rb, root);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int dbg_find_check_orphan(struct rb_root *root, ino_t inum)
+{
+	struct check_orphan *o;
+	struct rb_node *p;
+
+	p = root->rb_node;
+	while (p) {
+		o = rb_entry(p, struct check_orphan, rb);
+		if (inum < o->inum)
+			p = p->rb_left;
+		else if (inum > o->inum)
+			p = p->rb_right;
+		else
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void dbg_free_check_tree(struct rb_root *root)
+{
+	struct check_orphan *o, *n;
+
+	rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(o, n, root, rb)
+		kfree(o);
+}
+
+static int dbg_orphan_check(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr,
+			    void *priv)
+{
+	struct check_info *ci = priv;
+	ino_t inum;
+	int err;
+
+	inum = key_inum(c, &zbr->key);
+	if (inum != ci->last_ino) {
+		/* Lowest node type is the inode node, so it comes first */
+		if (key_type(c, &zbr->key) != UBIFS_INO_KEY)
+			ubifs_err(c, "found orphan node ino %lu, type %d",
+				  (unsigned long)inum, key_type(c, &zbr->key));
+		ci->last_ino = inum;
+		ci->tot_inos += 1;
+		err = ubifs_tnc_read_node(c, zbr, ci->node);
+		if (err) {
+			ubifs_err(c, "node read failed, error %d", err);
+			return err;
+		}
+		if (ci->node->nlink == 0)
+			/* Must be recorded as an orphan */
+			if (!dbg_find_check_orphan(&ci->root, inum) &&
+			    !dbg_find_orphan(c, inum)) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "missing orphan, ino %lu",
+					  (unsigned long)inum);
+				ci->missing += 1;
+			}
+	}
+	ci->leaf_cnt += 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int dbg_read_orphans(struct check_info *ci, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb)
+{
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
+	struct ubifs_orph_node *orph;
+	ino_t inum;
+	int i, n, err;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(snod, &sleb->nodes, list) {
+		cond_resched();
+		if (snod->type != UBIFS_ORPH_NODE)
+			continue;
+		orph = snod->node;
+		n = (le32_to_cpu(orph->ch.len) - UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ) >> 3;
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			inum = le64_to_cpu(orph->inos[i]);
+			err = dbg_ins_check_orphan(&ci->root, inum);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int dbg_scan_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c, struct check_info *ci)
+{
+	int lnum, err = 0;
+	void *buf;
+
+	/* Check no-orphans flag and skip this if no orphans */
+	if (c->no_orphs)
+		return 0;
+
+	buf = __vmalloc(c->leb_size, GFP_NOFS, PAGE_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot allocate memory to check orphans");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	for (lnum = c->orph_first; lnum <= c->orph_last; lnum++) {
+		struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
+
+		sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, buf, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(sleb)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(sleb);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		err = dbg_read_orphans(ci, sleb);
+		ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
+		if (err)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	vfree(buf);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int dbg_check_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct check_info ci;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_orph(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	ci.last_ino = 0;
+	ci.tot_inos = 0;
+	ci.missing  = 0;
+	ci.leaf_cnt = 0;
+	ci.root = RB_ROOT;
+	ci.node = kmalloc(UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!ci.node) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "out of memory");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	err = dbg_scan_orphans(c, &ci);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = dbg_walk_index(c, &dbg_orphan_check, NULL, &ci);
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot scan TNC, error %d", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (ci.missing) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "%lu missing orphan(s)", ci.missing);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	dbg_cmt("last inode number is %lu", ci.last_ino);
+	dbg_cmt("total number of inodes is %lu", ci.tot_inos);
+	dbg_cmt("total number of leaf nodes is %llu", ci.leaf_cnt);
+
+out:
+	dbg_free_check_tree(&ci.root);
+	kfree(ci.node);
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/recovery.c b/fs/ubifs/recovery.c
index 634ecb3242..897fe3c788 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/recovery.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/recovery.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Adrian Hunter
  *          Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
@@ -23,13 +12,36 @@
 /*
  * This file implements functions needed to recover from unclean un-mounts.
  * When UBIFS is mounted, it checks a flag on the master node to determine if
- * an un-mount was completed sucessfully. If not, the process of mounting
- * incorparates additional checking and fixing of on-flash data structures.
+ * an un-mount was completed successfully. If not, the process of mounting
+ * incorporates additional checking and fixing of on-flash data structures.
  * UBIFS always cleans away all remnants of an unclean un-mount, so that
  * errors do not accumulate. However UBIFS defers recovery if it is mounted
  * read-only, and the flash is not modified in that case.
+ *
+ * The general UBIFS approach to the recovery is that it recovers from
+ * corruptions which could be caused by power cuts, but it refuses to recover
+ * from corruption caused by other reasons. And UBIFS tries to distinguish
+ * between these 2 reasons of corruptions and silently recover in the former
+ * case and loudly complain in the latter case.
+ *
+ * UBIFS writes only to erased LEBs, so it writes only to the flash space
+ * containing only 0xFFs. UBIFS also always writes strictly from the beginning
+ * of the LEB to the end. And UBIFS assumes that the underlying flash media
+ * writes in @c->max_write_size bytes at a time.
+ *
+ * Hence, if UBIFS finds a corrupted node at offset X, it expects only the min.
+ * I/O unit corresponding to offset X to contain corrupted data, all the
+ * following min. I/O units have to contain empty space (all 0xFFs). If this is
+ * not true, the corruption cannot be the result of a power cut, and UBIFS
+ * refuses to mount.
  */
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/crc32.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#else
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#endif
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
 /**
@@ -52,6 +64,25 @@ static int is_empty(void *buf, int len)
 }
 
 /**
+ * first_non_ff - find offset of the first non-0xff byte.
+ * @buf: buffer to search in
+ * @len: length of buffer
+ *
+ * This function returns offset of the first non-0xff byte in @buf or %-1 if
+ * the buffer contains only 0xff bytes.
+ */
+static int first_non_ff(void *buf, int len)
+{
+	uint8_t *p = buf;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		if (*p++ != 0xff)
+			return i;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/**
  * get_master_node - get the last valid master node allowing for corruption.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @lnum: LEB number
@@ -79,7 +110,7 @@ static int get_master_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, void **pbuf,
 	if (!sbuf)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, sbuf, 0, c->leb_size);
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, sbuf, 0, c->leb_size, 0);
 	if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
 		goto out_free;
 
@@ -175,10 +206,10 @@ static int write_rcvrd_mst_node(struct ubifs_info *c,
 	mst->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_RCVRY);
 
 	ubifs_prepare_node(c, mst, UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ, 1);
-	err = ubi_leb_change(c->ubi, lnum, mst, sz);
+	err = ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum, mst, sz);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
-	err = ubi_leb_change(c->ubi, lnum + 1, mst, sz);
+	err = ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum + 1, mst, sz);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 out:
@@ -236,7 +267,8 @@ int ubifs_recover_master_node(struct ubifs_info *c)
 				if (cor1)
 					goto out_err;
 				mst = mst1;
-			} else if (offs1 == 0 && offs2 + sz >= c->leb_size) {
+			} else if (offs1 == 0 &&
+				   c->leb_size - offs2 - sz < sz) {
 				/* 1st LEB was unmapped and written, 2nd not */
 				if (cor1)
 					goto out_err;
@@ -266,12 +298,12 @@ int ubifs_recover_master_node(struct ubifs_info *c)
 		mst = mst2;
 	}
 
-	dbg_rcvry("recovered master node from LEB %d",
+	ubifs_msg(c, "recovered master node from LEB %d",
 		  (mst == mst1 ? UBIFS_MST_LNUM : UBIFS_MST_LNUM + 1));
 
 	memcpy(c->mst_node, mst, UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ);
 
-	if ((c->vfs_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)) {
+	if (c->ro_mount) {
 		/* Read-only mode. Keep a copy for switching to rw mode */
 		c->rcvrd_mst_node = kmalloc(sz, GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!c->rcvrd_mst_node) {
@@ -279,6 +311,40 @@ int ubifs_recover_master_node(struct ubifs_info *c)
 			goto out_free;
 		}
 		memcpy(c->rcvrd_mst_node, c->mst_node, UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ);
+
+		/*
+		 * We had to recover the master node, which means there was an
+		 * unclean reboot. However, it is possible that the master node
+		 * is clean at this point, i.e., %UBIFS_MST_DIRTY is not set.
+		 * E.g., consider the following chain of events:
+		 *
+		 * 1. UBIFS was cleanly unmounted, so the master node is clean
+		 * 2. UBIFS is being mounted R/W and starts changing the master
+		 *    node in the first (%UBIFS_MST_LNUM). A power cut happens,
+		 *    so this LEB ends up with some amount of garbage at the
+		 *    end.
+		 * 3. UBIFS is being mounted R/O. We reach this place and
+		 *    recover the master node from the second LEB
+		 *    (%UBIFS_MST_LNUM + 1). But we cannot update the media
+		 *    because we are being mounted R/O. We have to defer the
+		 *    operation.
+		 * 4. However, this master node (@c->mst_node) is marked as
+		 *    clean (since the step 1). And if we just return, the
+		 *    mount code will be confused and won't recover the master
+		 *    node when it is re-mounter R/W later.
+		 *
+		 *    Thus, to force the recovery by marking the master node as
+		 *    dirty.
+		 */
+		c->mst_node->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	} else {
+		/* Write the recovered master node */
+		c->max_sqnum = le64_to_cpu(mst->ch.sqnum) - 1;
+		err = write_rcvrd_mst_node(c, c->mst_node);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_free;
+#endif
 	}
 
 	vfree(buf2);
@@ -289,14 +355,14 @@ int ubifs_recover_master_node(struct ubifs_info *c)
 out_err:
 	err = -EINVAL;
 out_free:
-	ubifs_err("failed to recover master node");
+	ubifs_err(c, "failed to recover master node");
 	if (mst1) {
-		dbg_err("dumping first master node");
-		dbg_dump_node(c, mst1);
+		ubifs_err(c, "dumping first master node");
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, mst1);
 	}
 	if (mst2) {
-		dbg_err("dumping second master node");
-		dbg_dump_node(c, mst2);
+		ubifs_err(c, "dumping second master node");
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, mst2);
 	}
 	vfree(buf2);
 	vfree(buf1);
@@ -335,44 +401,23 @@ int ubifs_write_rcvrd_mst_node(struct ubifs_info *c)
  * @offs: offset to check
  *
  * This function returns %1 if @offs was in the last write to the LEB whose data
- * is in @buf, otherwise %0 is returned.  The determination is made by checking
- * for subsequent empty space starting from the next min_io_size boundary (or a
- * bit less than the common header size if min_io_size is one).
+ * is in @buf, otherwise %0 is returned. The determination is made by checking
+ * for subsequent empty space starting from the next @c->max_write_size
+ * boundary.
  */
 static int is_last_write(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int offs)
 {
-	int empty_offs;
-	int check_len;
+	int empty_offs, check_len;
 	uint8_t *p;
 
-	if (c->min_io_size == 1) {
-		check_len = c->leb_size - offs;
-		p = buf + check_len;
-		for (; check_len > 0; check_len--)
-			if (*--p != 0xff)
-				break;
-		/*
-		 * 'check_len' is the size of the corruption which cannot be
-		 * more than the size of 1 node if it was caused by an unclean
-		 * unmount.
-		 */
-		if (check_len > UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ)
-			return 0;
-		return 1;
-	}
-
 	/*
-	 * Round up to the next c->min_io_size boundary i.e. 'offs' is in the
-	 * last wbuf written. After that should be empty space.
+	 * Round up to the next @c->max_write_size boundary i.e. @offs is in
+	 * the last wbuf written. After that should be empty space.
 	 */
-	empty_offs = ALIGN(offs + 1, c->min_io_size);
+	empty_offs = ALIGN(offs + 1, c->max_write_size);
 	check_len = c->leb_size - empty_offs;
 	p = buf + empty_offs - offs;
-
-	for (; check_len > 0; check_len--)
-		if (*p++ != 0xff)
-			return 0;
-	return 1;
+	return is_empty(p, check_len);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -385,20 +430,16 @@ static int is_last_write(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int offs)
  *
  * This function pads up to the next min_io_size boundary (if there is one) and
  * sets empty space to all 0xff. @buf, @offs and @len are updated to the next
- * min_io_size boundary (if there is one).
+ * @c->min_io_size boundary.
  */
 static void clean_buf(const struct ubifs_info *c, void **buf, int lnum,
 		      int *offs, int *len)
 {
 	int empty_offs, pad_len;
 
+	lnum = lnum;
 	dbg_rcvry("cleaning corruption at %d:%d", lnum, *offs);
 
-	if (c->min_io_size == 1) {
-		memset(*buf, 0xff, c->leb_size - *offs);
-		return;
-	}
-
 	ubifs_assert(!(*offs & 7));
 	empty_offs = ALIGN(*offs, c->min_io_size);
 	pad_len = empty_offs - *offs;
@@ -428,7 +469,7 @@ static int no_more_nodes(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len,
 	int skip, dlen = le32_to_cpu(ch->len);
 
 	/* Check for empty space after the corrupt node's common header */
-	skip = ALIGN(offs + UBIFS_CH_SZ, c->min_io_size) - offs;
+	skip = ALIGN(offs + UBIFS_CH_SZ, c->max_write_size) - offs;
 	if (is_empty(buf + skip, len - skip))
 		return 1;
 	/*
@@ -440,7 +481,7 @@ static int no_more_nodes(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len,
 		return 0;
 	}
 	/* Now we know the corrupt node's length we can skip over it */
-	skip = ALIGN(offs + dlen, c->min_io_size) - offs;
+	skip = ALIGN(offs + dlen, c->max_write_size) - offs;
 	/* After which there should be empty space */
 	if (is_empty(buf + skip, len - skip))
 		return 1;
@@ -468,7 +509,7 @@ static int fix_unclean_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
 		endpt = snod->offs + snod->len;
 	}
 
-	if ((c->vfs_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY) && !c->remounting_rw) {
+	if (c->ro_mount && !c->remounting_rw) {
 		/* Add to recovery list */
 		struct ubifs_unclean_leb *ucleb;
 
@@ -480,21 +521,55 @@ static int fix_unclean_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
 		ucleb->lnum = lnum;
 		ucleb->endpt = endpt;
 		list_add_tail(&ucleb->list, &c->unclean_leb_list);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	} else {
+		/* Write the fixed LEB back to flash */
+		int err;
+
+		dbg_rcvry("fixing LEB %d start %d endpt %d",
+			  lnum, start, sleb->endpt);
+		if (endpt == 0) {
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		} else {
+			int len = ALIGN(endpt, c->min_io_size);
+
+			if (start) {
+				err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, sleb->buf, 0,
+						     start, 1);
+				if (err)
+					return err;
+			}
+			/* Pad to min_io_size */
+			if (len > endpt) {
+				int pad_len = len - ALIGN(endpt, 8);
+
+				if (pad_len > 0) {
+					void *buf = sleb->buf + len - pad_len;
+
+					ubifs_pad(c, buf, pad_len);
+				}
+			}
+			err = ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum, sleb->buf, len);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+#endif
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /**
- * drop_incomplete_group - drop nodes from an incomplete group.
+ * drop_last_group - drop the last group of nodes.
  * @sleb: scanned LEB information
  * @offs: offset of dropped nodes is returned here
  *
- * This function returns %1 if nodes are dropped and %0 otherwise.
+ * This is a helper function for 'ubifs_recover_leb()' which drops the last
+ * group of nodes of the scanned LEB.
  */
-static int drop_incomplete_group(struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb, int *offs)
+static void drop_last_group(struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb, int *offs)
 {
-	int dropped = 0;
-
 	while (!list_empty(&sleb->nodes)) {
 		struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
 		struct ubifs_ch *ch;
@@ -503,15 +578,40 @@ static int drop_incomplete_group(struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb, int *offs)
 				  list);
 		ch = snod->node;
 		if (ch->group_type != UBIFS_IN_NODE_GROUP)
-			return dropped;
-		dbg_rcvry("dropping node at %d:%d", sleb->lnum, snod->offs);
+			break;
+
+		dbg_rcvry("dropping grouped node at %d:%d",
+			  sleb->lnum, snod->offs);
+		*offs = snod->offs;
+		list_del(&snod->list);
+		kfree(snod);
+		sleb->nodes_cnt -= 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * drop_last_node - drop the last node.
+ * @sleb: scanned LEB information
+ * @offs: offset of dropped nodes is returned here
+ *
+ * This is a helper function for 'ubifs_recover_leb()' which drops the last
+ * node of the scanned LEB.
+ */
+static void drop_last_node(struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb, int *offs)
+{
+	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
+
+	if (!list_empty(&sleb->nodes)) {
+		snod = list_entry(sleb->nodes.prev, struct ubifs_scan_node,
+				  list);
+
+		dbg_rcvry("dropping last node at %d:%d",
+			  sleb->lnum, snod->offs);
 		*offs = snod->offs;
 		list_del(&snod->list);
 		kfree(snod);
 		sleb->nodes_cnt -= 1;
-		dropped = 1;
 	}
-	return dropped;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -520,33 +620,30 @@ static int drop_incomplete_group(struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb, int *offs)
  * @lnum: LEB number
  * @offs: offset
  * @sbuf: LEB-sized buffer to use
- * @grouped: nodes may be grouped for recovery
+ * @jhead: journal head number this LEB belongs to (%-1 if the LEB does not
+ *         belong to any journal head)
  *
  * This function does a scan of a LEB, but caters for errors that might have
  * been caused by the unclean unmount from which we are attempting to recover.
- *
- * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ * Returns the scanned information on success and a negative error code on
+ * failure.
  */
 struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_recover_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
-					 int offs, void *sbuf, int grouped)
+					 int offs, void *sbuf, int jhead)
 {
-	int err, len = c->leb_size - offs, need_clean = 0, quiet = 1;
-	int empty_chkd = 0, start = offs;
+	int ret = 0, err, len = c->leb_size - offs, start = offs, min_io_unit;
+	int grouped = jhead == -1 ? 0 : c->jheads[jhead].grouped;
 	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
 	void *buf = sbuf + offs;
 
-	dbg_rcvry("%d:%d", lnum, offs);
+	dbg_rcvry("%d:%d, jhead %d, grouped %d", lnum, offs, jhead, grouped);
 
 	sleb = ubifs_start_scan(c, lnum, offs, sbuf);
 	if (IS_ERR(sleb))
 		return sleb;
 
-	if (sleb->ecc)
-		need_clean = 1;
-
+	ubifs_assert(len >= 8);
 	while (len >= 8) {
-		int ret;
-
 		dbg_scan("look at LEB %d:%d (%d bytes left)",
 			 lnum, offs, len);
 
@@ -556,8 +653,7 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_recover_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 		 * Scan quietly until there is an error from which we cannot
 		 * recover
 		 */
-		ret = ubifs_scan_a_node(c, buf, len, lnum, offs, quiet);
-
+		ret = ubifs_scan_a_node(c, buf, len, lnum, offs, 1);
 		if (ret == SCANNED_A_NODE) {
 			/* A valid node, and not a padding node */
 			struct ubifs_ch *ch = buf;
@@ -570,103 +666,132 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_recover_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 			offs += node_len;
 			buf += node_len;
 			len -= node_len;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (ret > 0) {
+		} else if (ret > 0) {
 			/* Padding bytes or a valid padding node */
 			offs += ret;
 			buf += ret;
 			len -= ret;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (ret == SCANNED_EMPTY_SPACE) {
-			if (!is_empty(buf, len)) {
-				if (!is_last_write(c, buf, offs))
-					break;
-				clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-				need_clean = 1;
-			}
-			empty_chkd = 1;
+		} else if (ret == SCANNED_EMPTY_SPACE ||
+			   ret == SCANNED_GARBAGE     ||
+			   ret == SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE ||
+			   ret == SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE) {
+			dbg_rcvry("found corruption (%d) at %d:%d",
+				  ret, lnum, offs);
 			break;
+		} else {
+			ubifs_err(c, "unexpected return value %d", ret);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto error;
 		}
+	}
 
-		if (ret == SCANNED_GARBAGE || ret == SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE)
-			if (is_last_write(c, buf, offs)) {
-				clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-				need_clean = 1;
-				empty_chkd = 1;
-				break;
-			}
-
-		if (ret == SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE)
-			if (no_more_nodes(c, buf, len, lnum, offs)) {
-				clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-				need_clean = 1;
-				empty_chkd = 1;
-				break;
-			}
-
-		if (quiet) {
-			/* Redo the last scan but noisily */
-			quiet = 0;
-			continue;
-		}
+	if (ret == SCANNED_GARBAGE || ret == SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE) {
+		if (!is_last_write(c, buf, offs))
+			goto corrupted_rescan;
+	} else if (ret == SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE) {
+		if (!no_more_nodes(c, buf, len, lnum, offs))
+			goto corrupted_rescan;
+	} else if (!is_empty(buf, len)) {
+		if (!is_last_write(c, buf, offs)) {
+			int corruption = first_non_ff(buf, len);
 
-		switch (ret) {
-		case SCANNED_GARBAGE:
-			dbg_err("garbage");
-			goto corrupted;
-		case SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE:
-		case SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE:
-			dbg_err("bad node");
-			goto corrupted;
-		default:
-			dbg_err("unknown");
+			/*
+			 * See header comment for this file for more
+			 * explanations about the reasons we have this check.
+			 */
+			ubifs_err(c, "corrupt empty space LEB %d:%d, corruption starts at %d",
+				  lnum, offs, corruption);
+			/* Make sure we dump interesting non-0xFF data */
+			offs += corruption;
+			buf += corruption;
 			goto corrupted;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!empty_chkd && !is_empty(buf, len)) {
-		if (is_last_write(c, buf, offs)) {
-			clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-			need_clean = 1;
-		} else {
-			ubifs_err("corrupt empty space at LEB %d:%d",
-				  lnum, offs);
-			goto corrupted;
-		}
-	}
+	min_io_unit = round_down(offs, c->min_io_size);
+	if (grouped)
+		/*
+		 * If nodes are grouped, always drop the incomplete group at
+		 * the end.
+		 */
+		drop_last_group(sleb, &offs);
 
-	/* Drop nodes from incomplete group */
-	if (grouped && drop_incomplete_group(sleb, &offs)) {
-		buf = sbuf + offs;
-		len = c->leb_size - offs;
-		clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-		need_clean = 1;
+	if (jhead == GCHD) {
+		/*
+		 * If this LEB belongs to the GC head then while we are in the
+		 * middle of the same min. I/O unit keep dropping nodes. So
+		 * basically, what we want is to make sure that the last min.
+		 * I/O unit where we saw the corruption is dropped completely
+		 * with all the uncorrupted nodes which may possibly sit there.
+		 *
+		 * In other words, let's name the min. I/O unit where the
+		 * corruption starts B, and the previous min. I/O unit A. The
+		 * below code tries to deal with a situation when half of B
+		 * contains valid nodes or the end of a valid node, and the
+		 * second half of B contains corrupted data or garbage. This
+		 * means that UBIFS had been writing to B just before the power
+		 * cut happened. I do not know how realistic is this scenario
+		 * that half of the min. I/O unit had been written successfully
+		 * and the other half not, but this is possible in our 'failure
+		 * mode emulation' infrastructure at least.
+		 *
+		 * So what is the problem, why we need to drop those nodes? Why
+		 * can't we just clean-up the second half of B by putting a
+		 * padding node there? We can, and this works fine with one
+		 * exception which was reproduced with power cut emulation
+		 * testing and happens extremely rarely.
+		 *
+		 * Imagine the file-system is full, we run GC which starts
+		 * moving valid nodes from LEB X to LEB Y (obviously, LEB Y is
+		 * the current GC head LEB). The @c->gc_lnum is -1, which means
+		 * that GC will retain LEB X and will try to continue. Imagine
+		 * that LEB X is currently the dirtiest LEB, and the amount of
+		 * used space in LEB Y is exactly the same as amount of free
+		 * space in LEB X.
+		 *
+		 * And a power cut happens when nodes are moved from LEB X to
+		 * LEB Y. We are here trying to recover LEB Y which is the GC
+		 * head LEB. We find the min. I/O unit B as described above.
+		 * Then we clean-up LEB Y by padding min. I/O unit. And later
+		 * 'ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit()' function fails, because it cannot
+		 * find a dirty LEB which could be GC'd into LEB Y! Even LEB X
+		 * does not match because the amount of valid nodes there does
+		 * not fit the free space in LEB Y any more! And this is
+		 * because of the padding node which we added to LEB Y. The
+		 * user-visible effect of this which I once observed and
+		 * analysed is that we cannot mount the file-system with
+		 * -ENOSPC error.
+		 *
+		 * So obviously, to make sure that situation does not happen we
+		 * should free min. I/O unit B in LEB Y completely and the last
+		 * used min. I/O unit in LEB Y should be A. This is basically
+		 * what the below code tries to do.
+		 */
+		while (offs > min_io_unit)
+			drop_last_node(sleb, &offs);
 	}
 
-	if (offs % c->min_io_size) {
-		clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-		need_clean = 1;
-	}
+	buf = sbuf + offs;
+	len = c->leb_size - offs;
 
+	clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
 	ubifs_end_scan(c, sleb, lnum, offs);
 
-	if (need_clean) {
-		err = fix_unclean_leb(c, sleb, start);
-		if (err)
-			goto error;
-	}
+	err = fix_unclean_leb(c, sleb, start);
+	if (err)
+		goto error;
 
 	return sleb;
 
+corrupted_rescan:
+	/* Re-scan the corrupted data with verbose messages */
+	ubifs_err(c, "corruption %d", ret);
+	ubifs_scan_a_node(c, buf, len, lnum, offs, 1);
 corrupted:
 	ubifs_scanned_corruption(c, lnum, offs, buf);
 	err = -EUCLEAN;
 error:
-	ubifs_err("LEB %d scanning failed", lnum);
+	ubifs_err(c, "LEB %d scanning failed", lnum);
 	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
 	return ERR_PTR(err);
 }
@@ -692,22 +817,23 @@ static int get_cs_sqnum(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	if (c->leb_size - offs < UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ)
 		goto out_err;
-	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, (void *)cs_node, offs, UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ);
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, (void *)cs_node, offs,
+			     UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ, 0);
 	if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
 		goto out_free;
 	ret = ubifs_scan_a_node(c, cs_node, UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ, lnum, offs, 0);
 	if (ret != SCANNED_A_NODE) {
-		dbg_err("Not a valid node");
+		ubifs_err(c, "Not a valid node");
 		goto out_err;
 	}
 	if (cs_node->ch.node_type != UBIFS_CS_NODE) {
-		dbg_err("Node a CS node, type is %d", cs_node->ch.node_type);
+		ubifs_err(c, "Node a CS node, type is %d", cs_node->ch.node_type);
 		goto out_err;
 	}
 	if (le64_to_cpu(cs_node->cmt_no) != c->cmt_no) {
-		dbg_err("CS node cmt_no %llu != current cmt_no %llu",
-			(unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(cs_node->cmt_no),
-			c->cmt_no);
+		ubifs_err(c, "CS node cmt_no %llu != current cmt_no %llu",
+			  (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(cs_node->cmt_no),
+			  c->cmt_no);
 		goto out_err;
 	}
 	*cs_sqnum = le64_to_cpu(cs_node->ch.sqnum);
@@ -718,7 +844,7 @@ static int get_cs_sqnum(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
 out_err:
 	err = -EINVAL;
 out_free:
-	ubifs_err("failed to get CS sqnum");
+	ubifs_err(c, "failed to get CS sqnum");
 	kfree(cs_node);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -731,7 +857,8 @@ out_free:
  * @sbuf: LEB-sized buffer to use
  *
  * This function does a scan of a LEB, but caters for errors that might have
- * been caused by the unclean unmount from which we are attempting to recover.
+ * been caused by unclean reboots from which we are attempting to recover
+ * (assume that only the last log LEB can be corrupted by an unclean reboot).
  *
  * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
  */
@@ -750,7 +877,7 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_recover_log_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 		 * We can only recover at the end of the log, so check that the
 		 * next log LEB is empty or out of date.
 		 */
-		sleb = ubifs_scan(c, next_lnum, 0, sbuf);
+		sleb = ubifs_scan(c, next_lnum, 0, sbuf, 0);
 		if (IS_ERR(sleb))
 			return sleb;
 		if (sleb->nodes_cnt) {
@@ -769,15 +896,15 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_recover_log_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 				}
 			}
 			if (snod->sqnum > cs_sqnum) {
-				ubifs_err("unrecoverable log corruption "
-					  "in LEB %d", lnum);
+				ubifs_err(c, "unrecoverable log corruption in LEB %d",
+					  lnum);
 				ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
 				return ERR_PTR(-EUCLEAN);
 			}
 		}
 		ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
 	}
-	return ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, offs, sbuf, 0);
+	return ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, offs, sbuf, -1);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -791,15 +918,10 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_recover_log_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
  *
  * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
  */
-static int recover_head(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
-			void *sbuf)
+static int recover_head(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, void *sbuf)
 {
-	int len, err, need_clean = 0;
+	int len = c->max_write_size, err;
 
-	if (c->min_io_size > 1)
-		len = c->min_io_size;
-	else
-		len = 512;
 	if (offs + len > c->leb_size)
 		len = c->leb_size - offs;
 
@@ -807,27 +929,15 @@ static int recover_head(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
 		return 0;
 
 	/* Read at the head location and check it is empty flash */
-	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, sbuf, offs, len);
-	if (err)
-		need_clean = 1;
-	else {
-		uint8_t *p = sbuf;
-
-		while (len--)
-			if (*p++ != 0xff) {
-				need_clean = 1;
-				break;
-			}
-	}
-
-	if (need_clean) {
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, sbuf, offs, len, 1);
+	if (err || !is_empty(sbuf, len)) {
 		dbg_rcvry("cleaning head at %d:%d", lnum, offs);
 		if (offs == 0)
 			return ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
-		err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, sbuf, 0, offs);
+		err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, sbuf, 0, offs, 1);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
-		return ubi_leb_change(c->ubi, lnum, sbuf, offs);
+		return ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum, sbuf, offs);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -850,11 +960,11 @@ static int recover_head(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
  *
  * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
  */
-int ubifs_recover_inl_heads(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf)
+int ubifs_recover_inl_heads(struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	ubifs_assert(!(c->vfs_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY) || c->remounting_rw);
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_mount || c->remounting_rw);
 
 	dbg_rcvry("checking index head at %d:%d", c->ihead_lnum, c->ihead_offs);
 	err = recover_head(c, c->ihead_lnum, c->ihead_offs, sbuf);
@@ -862,15 +972,12 @@ int ubifs_recover_inl_heads(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf)
 		return err;
 
 	dbg_rcvry("checking LPT head at %d:%d", c->nhead_lnum, c->nhead_offs);
-	err = recover_head(c, c->nhead_lnum, c->nhead_offs, sbuf);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
 
-	return 0;
+	return recover_head(c, c->nhead_lnum, c->nhead_offs, sbuf);
 }
 
 /**
- *  clean_an_unclean_leb - read and write a LEB to remove corruption.
+ * clean_an_unclean_leb - read and write a LEB to remove corruption.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @ucleb: unclean LEB information
  * @sbuf: LEB-sized buffer to use
@@ -881,7 +988,7 @@ int ubifs_recover_inl_heads(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf)
  *
  * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
  */
-static int clean_an_unclean_leb(const struct ubifs_info *c,
+static int clean_an_unclean_leb(struct ubifs_info *c,
 				struct ubifs_unclean_leb *ucleb, void *sbuf)
 {
 	int err, lnum = ucleb->lnum, offs = 0, len = ucleb->endpt, quiet = 1;
@@ -891,13 +998,10 @@ static int clean_an_unclean_leb(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 
 	if (len == 0) {
 		/* Nothing to read, just unmap it */
-		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
-		return 0;
+		return ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
 	}
 
-	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, buf, offs, len);
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, offs, len, 0);
 	if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
 		return err;
 
@@ -930,7 +1034,7 @@ static int clean_an_unclean_leb(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 		}
 
 		if (ret == SCANNED_EMPTY_SPACE) {
-			ubifs_err("unexpected empty space at %d:%d",
+			ubifs_err(c, "unexpected empty space at %d:%d",
 				  lnum, offs);
 			return -EUCLEAN;
 		}
@@ -957,7 +1061,7 @@ static int clean_an_unclean_leb(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 	}
 
 	/* Write back the LEB atomically */
-	err = ubi_leb_change(c->ubi, lnum, sbuf, len);
+	err = ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum, sbuf, len);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
@@ -977,7 +1081,7 @@ static int clean_an_unclean_leb(const struct ubifs_info *c,
  *
  * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
  */
-int ubifs_clean_lebs(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf)
+int ubifs_clean_lebs(struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf)
 {
 	dbg_rcvry("recovery");
 	while (!list_empty(&c->unclean_leb_list)) {
@@ -995,6 +1099,140 @@ int ubifs_clean_lebs(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * grab_empty_leb - grab an empty LEB to use as GC LEB and run commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This is a helper function for 'ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit()' which grabs an empty
+ * LEB to be used as GC LEB (@c->gc_lnum), and then runs the commit. Returns
+ * zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+static int grab_empty_leb(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int lnum, err;
+
+	/*
+	 * Note, it is very important to first search for an empty LEB and then
+	 * run the commit, not vice-versa. The reason is that there might be
+	 * only one empty LEB at the moment, the one which has been the
+	 * @c->gc_lnum just before the power cut happened. During the regular
+	 * UBIFS operation (not now) @c->gc_lnum is marked as "taken", so no
+	 * one but GC can grab it. But at this moment this single empty LEB is
+	 * not marked as taken, so if we run commit - what happens? Right, the
+	 * commit will grab it and write the index there. Remember that the
+	 * index always expands as long as there is free space, and it only
+	 * starts consolidating when we run out of space.
+	 *
+	 * IOW, if we run commit now, we might not be able to find a free LEB
+	 * after this.
+	 */
+	lnum = ubifs_find_free_leb_for_idx(c);
+	if (lnum < 0) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "could not find an empty LEB");
+		ubifs_dump_lprops(c);
+		ubifs_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
+		return lnum;
+	}
+
+	/* Reset the index flag */
+	err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, lnum, LPROPS_NC, LPROPS_NC, 0,
+				  LPROPS_INDEX, 0);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	c->gc_lnum = lnum;
+	dbg_rcvry("found empty LEB %d, run commit", lnum);
+
+	return ubifs_run_commit(c);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit - recover the GC LEB number and run the commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * Out-of-place garbage collection requires always one empty LEB with which to
+ * start garbage collection. The LEB number is recorded in c->gc_lnum and is
+ * written to the master node on unmounting. In the case of an unclean unmount
+ * the value of gc_lnum recorded in the master node is out of date and cannot
+ * be used. Instead, recovery must allocate an empty LEB for this purpose.
+ * However, there may not be enough empty space, in which case it must be
+ * possible to GC the dirtiest LEB into the GC head LEB.
+ *
+ * This function also runs the commit which causes the TNC updates from
+ * size-recovery and orphans to be written to the flash. That is important to
+ * ensure correct replay order for subsequent mounts.
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf = &c->jheads[GCHD].wbuf;
+	struct ubifs_lprops lp;
+	int err;
+
+	dbg_rcvry("GC head LEB %d, offs %d", wbuf->lnum, wbuf->offs);
+
+	c->gc_lnum = -1;
+	if (wbuf->lnum == -1 || wbuf->offs == c->leb_size)
+		return grab_empty_leb(c);
+
+	err = ubifs_find_dirty_leb(c, &lp, wbuf->offs, 2);
+	if (err) {
+		if (err != -ENOSPC)
+			return err;
+
+		dbg_rcvry("could not find a dirty LEB");
+		return grab_empty_leb(c);
+	}
+
+	ubifs_assert(!(lp.flags & LPROPS_INDEX));
+	ubifs_assert(lp.free + lp.dirty >= wbuf->offs);
+
+	/*
+	 * We run the commit before garbage collection otherwise subsequent
+	 * mounts will see the GC and orphan deletion in a different order.
+	 */
+	dbg_rcvry("committing");
+	err = ubifs_run_commit(c);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	dbg_rcvry("GC'ing LEB %d", lp.lnum);
+	mutex_lock_nested(&wbuf->io_mutex, wbuf->jhead);
+	err = ubifs_garbage_collect_leb(c, &lp);
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		int err2 = ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
+
+		if (err2)
+			err = err2;
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&wbuf->io_mutex);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "GC failed, error %d", err);
+		if (err == -EAGAIN)
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	ubifs_assert(err == LEB_RETAINED);
+	if (err != LEB_RETAINED)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, c->gc_lnum);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	dbg_rcvry("allocated LEB %d for GC", lp.lnum);
+	return 0;
+}
+#else
+int ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * struct size_entry - inode size information for recovery.
  * @rb: link in the RB-tree of sizes
@@ -1089,6 +1327,23 @@ static void remove_ino(struct ubifs_info *c, ino_t inum)
 }
 
 /**
+ * ubifs_destroy_size_tree - free resources related to the size tree.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ */
+void ubifs_destroy_size_tree(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct size_entry *e, *n;
+
+	rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(e, n, &c->size_tree, rb) {
+		if (e->inode)
+			iput(e->inode);
+		kfree(e);
+	}
+
+	c->size_tree = RB_ROOT;
+}
+
+/**
  * ubifs_recover_size_accum - accumulate inode sizes for recovery.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @key: node key
@@ -1156,6 +1411,64 @@ int ubifs_recover_size_accum(struct ubifs_info *c, union ubifs_key *key,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * fix_size_in_place - fix inode size in place on flash.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @e: inode size information for recovery
+ */
+static int fix_size_in_place(struct ubifs_info *c, struct size_entry *e)
+{
+	struct ubifs_ino_node *ino = c->sbuf;
+	unsigned char *p;
+	union ubifs_key key;
+	int err, lnum, offs, len;
+	loff_t i_size;
+	uint32_t crc;
+
+	/* Locate the inode node LEB number and offset */
+	ino_key_init(c, &key, e->inum);
+	err = ubifs_tnc_locate(c, &key, ino, &lnum, &offs);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	/*
+	 * If the size recorded on the inode node is greater than the size that
+	 * was calculated from nodes in the journal then don't change the inode.
+	 */
+	i_size = le64_to_cpu(ino->size);
+	if (i_size >= e->d_size)
+		return 0;
+	/* Read the LEB */
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, c->sbuf, 0, c->leb_size, 1);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	/* Change the size field and recalculate the CRC */
+	ino = c->sbuf + offs;
+	ino->size = cpu_to_le64(e->d_size);
+	len = le32_to_cpu(ino->ch.len);
+	crc = crc32(UBIFS_CRC32_INIT, (void *)ino + 8, len - 8);
+	ino->ch.crc = cpu_to_le32(crc);
+	/* Work out where data in the LEB ends and free space begins */
+	p = c->sbuf;
+	len = c->leb_size - 1;
+	while (p[len] == 0xff)
+		len -= 1;
+	len = ALIGN(len + 1, c->min_io_size);
+	/* Atomically write the fixed LEB back again */
+	err = ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum, c->sbuf, len);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	dbg_rcvry("inode %lu at %d:%d size %lld -> %lld",
+		  (unsigned long)e->inum, lnum, offs, i_size, e->d_size);
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	ubifs_warn(c, "inode %lu failed to fix size %lld -> %lld error %d",
+		   (unsigned long)e->inum, e->i_size, e->d_size, err);
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * ubifs_recover_size - recover inode size.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -1195,30 +1508,48 @@ int ubifs_recover_size(struct ubifs_info *c)
 				e->i_size = le64_to_cpu(ino->size);
 			}
 		}
+
 		if (e->exists && e->i_size < e->d_size) {
-			if (!e->inode && (c->vfs_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)) {
+			if (c->ro_mount) {
 				/* Fix the inode size and pin it in memory */
 				struct inode *inode;
+				struct ubifs_inode *ui;
+
+				ubifs_assert(!e->inode);
 
 				inode = ubifs_iget(c->vfs_sb, e->inum);
 				if (IS_ERR(inode))
 					return PTR_ERR(inode);
+
+				ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
 				if (inode->i_size < e->d_size) {
 					dbg_rcvry("ino %lu size %lld -> %lld",
 						  (unsigned long)e->inum,
-						  e->d_size, inode->i_size);
+						  inode->i_size, e->d_size);
 					inode->i_size = e->d_size;
-					ubifs_inode(inode)->ui_size = e->d_size;
+					ui->ui_size = e->d_size;
+					ui->synced_i_size = e->d_size;
 					e->inode = inode;
 					this = rb_next(this);
 					continue;
 				}
 				iput(inode);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+			} else {
+				/* Fix the size in place */
+				err = fix_size_in_place(c, e);
+				if (err)
+					return err;
+				if (e->inode)
+					iput(e->inode);
+#endif
 			}
 		}
+
 		this = rb_next(this);
 		rb_erase(&e->rb, &c->size_tree);
 		kfree(e);
 	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/replay.c b/fs/ubifs/replay.c
index da33a14ab6..08b11352fa 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/replay.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/replay.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Adrian Hunter
  *          Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
@@ -32,44 +21,37 @@
  * larger is the journal, the more memory its index may consume.
  */
 
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#endif
 #include "ubifs.h"
-
-/*
- * Replay flags.
- *
- * REPLAY_DELETION: node was deleted
- * REPLAY_REF: node is a reference node
- */
-enum {
-	REPLAY_DELETION = 1,
-	REPLAY_REF = 2,
-};
+#include <linux/bug.h>
+#include <linux/list_sort.h>
 
 /**
- * struct replay_entry - replay tree entry.
+ * struct replay_entry - replay list entry.
  * @lnum: logical eraseblock number of the node
  * @offs: node offset
  * @len: node length
+ * @deletion: non-zero if this entry corresponds to a node deletion
  * @sqnum: node sequence number
- * @flags: replay flags
- * @rb: links the replay tree
+ * @list: links the replay list
  * @key: node key
  * @nm: directory entry name
  * @old_size: truncation old size
  * @new_size: truncation new size
- * @free: amount of free space in a bud
- * @dirty: amount of dirty space in a bud from padding and deletion nodes
  *
- * UBIFS journal replay must compare node sequence numbers, which means it must
- * build a tree of node information to insert into the TNC.
+ * The replay process first scans all buds and builds the replay list, then
+ * sorts the replay list in nodes sequence number order, and then inserts all
+ * the replay entries to the TNC.
  */
 struct replay_entry {
 	int lnum;
 	int offs;
 	int len;
+	unsigned int deletion:1;
 	unsigned long long sqnum;
-	int flags;
-	struct rb_node rb;
+	struct list_head list;
 	union ubifs_key key;
 	union {
 		struct qstr nm;
@@ -77,10 +59,6 @@ struct replay_entry {
 			loff_t old_size;
 			loff_t new_size;
 		};
-		struct {
-			int free;
-			int dirty;
-		};
 	};
 };
 
@@ -88,83 +66,116 @@ struct replay_entry {
  * struct bud_entry - entry in the list of buds to replay.
  * @list: next bud in the list
  * @bud: bud description object
- * @free: free bytes in the bud
  * @sqnum: reference node sequence number
+ * @free: free bytes in the bud
+ * @dirty: dirty bytes in the bud
  */
 struct bud_entry {
 	struct list_head list;
 	struct ubifs_bud *bud;
-	int free;
 	unsigned long long sqnum;
+	int free;
+	int dirty;
 };
 
 /**
  * set_bud_lprops - set free and dirty space used by a bud.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @r: replay entry of bud
+ * @b: bud entry which describes the bud
+ *
+ * This function makes sure the LEB properties of bud @b are set correctly
+ * after the replay. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code
+ * in case of failure.
  */
-static int set_bud_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c, struct replay_entry *r)
+static int set_bud_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c, struct bud_entry *b)
 {
 	const struct ubifs_lprops *lp;
 	int err = 0, dirty;
 
 	ubifs_get_lprops(c);
 
-	lp = ubifs_lpt_lookup_dirty(c, r->lnum);
+	lp = ubifs_lpt_lookup_dirty(c, b->bud->lnum);
 	if (IS_ERR(lp)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(lp);
 		goto out;
 	}
 
 	dirty = lp->dirty;
-	if (r->offs == 0 && (lp->free != c->leb_size || lp->dirty != 0)) {
+	if (b->bud->start == 0 && (lp->free != c->leb_size || lp->dirty != 0)) {
 		/*
 		 * The LEB was added to the journal with a starting offset of
 		 * zero which means the LEB must have been empty. The LEB
-		 * property values should be lp->free == c->leb_size and
-		 * lp->dirty == 0, but that is not the case. The reason is that
-		 * the LEB was garbage collected. The garbage collector resets
-		 * the free and dirty space without recording it anywhere except
-		 * lprops, so if there is not a commit then lprops does not have
-		 * that information next time the file system is mounted.
+		 * property values should be @lp->free == @c->leb_size and
+		 * @lp->dirty == 0, but that is not the case. The reason is that
+		 * the LEB had been garbage collected before it became the bud,
+		 * and there was not commit inbetween. The garbage collector
+		 * resets the free and dirty space without recording it
+		 * anywhere except lprops, so if there was no commit then
+		 * lprops does not have that information.
 		 *
 		 * We do not need to adjust free space because the scan has told
 		 * us the exact value which is recorded in the replay entry as
-		 * r->free.
+		 * @b->free.
 		 *
 		 * However we do need to subtract from the dirty space the
 		 * amount of space that the garbage collector reclaimed, which
 		 * is the whole LEB minus the amount of space that was free.
 		 */
-		dbg_mnt("bud LEB %d was GC'd (%d free, %d dirty)", r->lnum,
+		dbg_mnt("bud LEB %d was GC'd (%d free, %d dirty)", b->bud->lnum,
 			lp->free, lp->dirty);
-		dbg_gc("bud LEB %d was GC'd (%d free, %d dirty)", r->lnum,
+		dbg_gc("bud LEB %d was GC'd (%d free, %d dirty)", b->bud->lnum,
 			lp->free, lp->dirty);
 		dirty -= c->leb_size - lp->free;
 		/*
 		 * If the replay order was perfect the dirty space would now be
-		 * zero. The order is not perfect because the the journal heads
+		 * zero. The order is not perfect because the journal heads
 		 * race with each other. This is not a problem but is does mean
 		 * that the dirty space may temporarily exceed c->leb_size
 		 * during the replay.
 		 */
 		if (dirty != 0)
-			dbg_msg("LEB %d lp: %d free %d dirty "
-				"replay: %d free %d dirty", r->lnum, lp->free,
-				lp->dirty, r->free, r->dirty);
+			dbg_mnt("LEB %d lp: %d free %d dirty replay: %d free %d dirty",
+				b->bud->lnum, lp->free, lp->dirty, b->free,
+				b->dirty);
 	}
-	lp = ubifs_change_lp(c, lp, r->free, dirty + r->dirty,
+	lp = ubifs_change_lp(c, lp, b->free, dirty + b->dirty,
 			     lp->flags | LPROPS_TAKEN, 0);
 	if (IS_ERR(lp)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(lp);
 		goto out;
 	}
+
+	/* Make sure the journal head points to the latest bud */
+	err = ubifs_wbuf_seek_nolock(&c->jheads[b->bud->jhead].wbuf,
+				     b->bud->lnum, c->leb_size - b->free);
+
 out:
 	ubifs_release_lprops(c);
 	return err;
 }
 
 /**
+ * set_buds_lprops - set free and dirty space for all replayed buds.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function sets LEB properties for all replayed buds. Returns zero in
+ * case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+static int set_buds_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct bud_entry *b;
+	int err;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(b, &c->replay_buds, list) {
+		err = set_bud_lprops(c, b);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
  * trun_remove_range - apply a replay entry for a truncation to the TNC.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @r: replay entry of truncation
@@ -200,24 +211,22 @@ static int trun_remove_range(struct ubifs_info *c, struct replay_entry *r)
  */
 static int apply_replay_entry(struct ubifs_info *c, struct replay_entry *r)
 {
-	int err, deletion = ((r->flags & REPLAY_DELETION) != 0);
+	int err;
 
-	dbg_mnt("LEB %d:%d len %d flgs %d sqnum %llu %s", r->lnum,
-		r->offs, r->len, r->flags, r->sqnum, DBGKEY(&r->key));
+	dbg_mntk(&r->key, "LEB %d:%d len %d deletion %d sqnum %llu key ",
+		 r->lnum, r->offs, r->len, r->deletion, r->sqnum);
 
 	/* Set c->replay_sqnum to help deal with dangling branches. */
 	c->replay_sqnum = r->sqnum;
 
-	if (r->flags & REPLAY_REF)
-		err = set_bud_lprops(c, r);
-	else if (is_hash_key(c, &r->key)) {
-		if (deletion)
+	if (is_hash_key(c, &r->key)) {
+		if (r->deletion)
 			err = ubifs_tnc_remove_nm(c, &r->key, &r->nm);
 		else
 			err = ubifs_tnc_add_nm(c, &r->key, r->lnum, r->offs,
 					       r->len, &r->nm);
 	} else {
-		if (deletion)
+		if (r->deletion)
 			switch (key_type(c, &r->key)) {
 			case UBIFS_INO_KEY:
 			{
@@ -240,7 +249,7 @@ static int apply_replay_entry(struct ubifs_info *c, struct replay_entry *r)
 			return err;
 
 		if (c->need_recovery)
-			err = ubifs_recover_size_accum(c, &r->key, deletion,
+			err = ubifs_recover_size_accum(c, &r->key, r->deletion,
 						       r->new_size);
 	}
 
@@ -248,68 +257,77 @@ static int apply_replay_entry(struct ubifs_info *c, struct replay_entry *r)
 }
 
 /**
- * destroy_replay_tree - destroy the replay.
- * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * replay_entries_cmp - compare 2 replay entries.
+ * @priv: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @a: first replay entry
+ * @a: second replay entry
  *
- * Destroy the replay tree.
+ * This is a comparios function for 'list_sort()' which compares 2 replay
+ * entries @a and @b by comparing their sequence numer.  Returns %1 if @a has
+ * greater sequence number and %-1 otherwise.
  */
-static void destroy_replay_tree(struct ubifs_info *c)
+static int replay_entries_cmp(void *priv, struct list_head *a,
+			      struct list_head *b)
 {
-	struct rb_node *this = c->replay_tree.rb_node;
-	struct replay_entry *r;
-
-	while (this) {
-		if (this->rb_left) {
-			this = this->rb_left;
-			continue;
-		} else if (this->rb_right) {
-			this = this->rb_right;
-			continue;
-		}
-		r = rb_entry(this, struct replay_entry, rb);
-		this = rb_parent(this);
-		if (this) {
-			if (this->rb_left == &r->rb)
-				this->rb_left = NULL;
-			else
-				this->rb_right = NULL;
-		}
-		if (is_hash_key(c, &r->key))
-			kfree((void *)r->nm.name);
-		kfree(r);
-	}
-	c->replay_tree = RB_ROOT;
+	struct replay_entry *ra, *rb;
+
+	cond_resched();
+	if (a == b)
+		return 0;
+
+	ra = list_entry(a, struct replay_entry, list);
+	rb = list_entry(b, struct replay_entry, list);
+	ubifs_assert(ra->sqnum != rb->sqnum);
+	if (ra->sqnum > rb->sqnum)
+		return 1;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 /**
- * apply_replay_tree - apply the replay tree to the TNC.
+ * apply_replay_list - apply the replay list to the TNC.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
- * Apply the replay tree.
- * Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
- * failure.
+ * Apply all entries in the replay list to the TNC. Returns zero in case of
+ * success and a negative error code in case of failure.
  */
-static int apply_replay_tree(struct ubifs_info *c)
+static int apply_replay_list(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
-	struct rb_node *this = rb_first(&c->replay_tree);
+	struct replay_entry *r;
+	int err;
 
-	while (this) {
-		struct replay_entry *r;
-		int err;
+	list_sort(c, &c->replay_list, &replay_entries_cmp);
 
+	list_for_each_entry(r, &c->replay_list, list) {
 		cond_resched();
 
-		r = rb_entry(this, struct replay_entry, rb);
 		err = apply_replay_entry(c, r);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
-		this = rb_next(this);
 	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /**
- * insert_node - insert a node to the replay tree.
+ * destroy_replay_list - destroy the replay.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * Destroy the replay list.
+ */
+static void destroy_replay_list(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct replay_entry *r, *tmp;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(r, tmp, &c->replay_list, list) {
+		if (is_hash_key(c, &r->key))
+			kfree(r->nm.name);
+		list_del(&r->list);
+		kfree(r);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * insert_node - insert a node to the replay list
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @lnum: node logical eraseblock number
  * @offs: node offset
@@ -321,39 +339,25 @@ static int apply_replay_tree(struct ubifs_info *c)
  * @old_size: truncation old size
  * @new_size: truncation new size
  *
- * This function inserts a scanned non-direntry node to the replay tree. The
- * replay tree is an RB-tree containing @struct replay_entry elements which are
- * indexed by the sequence number. The replay tree is applied at the very end
- * of the replay process. Since the tree is sorted in sequence number order,
- * the older modifications are applied first. This function returns zero in
- * case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ * This function inserts a scanned non-direntry node to the replay list. The
+ * replay list contains @struct replay_entry elements, and we sort this list in
+ * sequence number order before applying it. The replay list is applied at the
+ * very end of the replay process. Since the list is sorted in sequence number
+ * order, the older modifications are applied first. This function returns zero
+ * in case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
  */
 static int insert_node(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 		       union ubifs_key *key, unsigned long long sqnum,
 		       int deletion, int *used, loff_t old_size,
 		       loff_t new_size)
 {
-	struct rb_node **p = &c->replay_tree.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
 	struct replay_entry *r;
 
+	dbg_mntk(key, "add LEB %d:%d, key ", lnum, offs);
+
 	if (key_inum(c, key) >= c->highest_inum)
 		c->highest_inum = key_inum(c, key);
 
-	dbg_mnt("add LEB %d:%d, key %s", lnum, offs, DBGKEY(key));
-	while (*p) {
-		parent = *p;
-		r = rb_entry(parent, struct replay_entry, rb);
-		if (sqnum < r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
-			continue;
-		} else if (sqnum > r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
-			continue;
-		}
-		ubifs_err("duplicate sqnum in replay");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
 	r = kzalloc(sizeof(struct replay_entry), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!r)
 		return -ENOMEM;
@@ -363,19 +367,18 @@ static int insert_node(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 	r->lnum = lnum;
 	r->offs = offs;
 	r->len = len;
+	r->deletion = !!deletion;
 	r->sqnum = sqnum;
-	r->flags = (deletion ? REPLAY_DELETION : 0);
+	key_copy(c, key, &r->key);
 	r->old_size = old_size;
 	r->new_size = new_size;
-	key_copy(c, key, &r->key);
 
-	rb_link_node(&r->rb, parent, p);
-	rb_insert_color(&r->rb, &c->replay_tree);
+	list_add_tail(&r->list, &c->replay_list);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /**
- * insert_dent - insert a directory entry node into the replay tree.
+ * insert_dent - insert a directory entry node into the replay list.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @lnum: node logical eraseblock number
  * @offs: node offset
@@ -387,43 +390,25 @@ static int insert_node(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
  * @deletion: non-zero if this is a deletion
  * @used: number of bytes in use in a LEB
  *
- * This function inserts a scanned directory entry node to the replay tree.
- * Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
- * failure.
- *
- * This function is also used for extended attribute entries because they are
- * implemented as directory entry nodes.
+ * This function inserts a scanned directory entry node or an extended
+ * attribute entry to the replay list. Returns zero in case of success and a
+ * negative error code in case of failure.
  */
 static int insert_dent(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 		       union ubifs_key *key, const char *name, int nlen,
 		       unsigned long long sqnum, int deletion, int *used)
 {
-	struct rb_node **p = &c->replay_tree.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
 	struct replay_entry *r;
 	char *nbuf;
 
+	dbg_mntk(key, "add LEB %d:%d, key ", lnum, offs);
 	if (key_inum(c, key) >= c->highest_inum)
 		c->highest_inum = key_inum(c, key);
 
-	dbg_mnt("add LEB %d:%d, key %s", lnum, offs, DBGKEY(key));
-	while (*p) {
-		parent = *p;
-		r = rb_entry(parent, struct replay_entry, rb);
-		if (sqnum < r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (sqnum > r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
-			continue;
-		}
-		ubifs_err("duplicate sqnum in replay");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
 	r = kzalloc(sizeof(struct replay_entry), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!r)
 		return -ENOMEM;
+
 	nbuf = kmalloc(nlen + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!nbuf) {
 		kfree(r);
@@ -435,17 +420,15 @@ static int insert_dent(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 	r->lnum = lnum;
 	r->offs = offs;
 	r->len = len;
+	r->deletion = !!deletion;
 	r->sqnum = sqnum;
+	key_copy(c, key, &r->key);
 	r->nm.len = nlen;
 	memcpy(nbuf, name, nlen);
 	nbuf[nlen] = '\0';
 	r->nm.name = nbuf;
-	r->flags = (deletion ? REPLAY_DELETION : 0);
-	key_copy(c, key, &r->key);
 
-	ubifs_assert(!*p);
-	rb_link_node(&r->rb, parent, p);
-	rb_insert_color(&r->rb, &c->replay_tree);
+	list_add_tail(&r->list, &c->replay_list);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -466,15 +449,15 @@ int ubifs_validate_entry(struct ubifs_info *c,
 	if (le32_to_cpu(dent->ch.len) != nlen + UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ + 1 ||
 	    dent->type >= UBIFS_ITYPES_CNT ||
 	    nlen > UBIFS_MAX_NLEN || dent->name[nlen] != 0 ||
-	    strnlen((char *)dent->name, nlen) != nlen ||
+	    strnlen(dent->name, nlen) != nlen ||
 	    le64_to_cpu(dent->inum) > MAX_INUM) {
-		ubifs_err("bad %s node", key_type == UBIFS_DENT_KEY ?
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad %s node", key_type == UBIFS_DENT_KEY ?
 			  "directory entry" : "extended attribute entry");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	if (key_type != UBIFS_DENT_KEY && key_type != UBIFS_XENT_KEY) {
-		ubifs_err("bad key type %d", key_type);
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad key type %d", key_type);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -482,31 +465,92 @@ int ubifs_validate_entry(struct ubifs_info *c,
 }
 
 /**
+ * is_last_bud - check if the bud is the last in the journal head.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @bud: bud description object
+ *
+ * This function checks if bud @bud is the last bud in its journal head. This
+ * information is then used by 'replay_bud()' to decide whether the bud can
+ * have corruptions or not. Indeed, only last buds can be corrupted by power
+ * cuts. Returns %1 if this is the last bud, and %0 if not.
+ */
+static int is_last_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_bud *bud)
+{
+	struct ubifs_jhead *jh = &c->jheads[bud->jhead];
+	struct ubifs_bud *next;
+	uint32_t data;
+	int err;
+
+	if (list_is_last(&bud->list, &jh->buds_list))
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * The following is a quirk to make sure we work correctly with UBIFS
+	 * images used with older UBIFS.
+	 *
+	 * Normally, the last bud will be the last in the journal head's list
+	 * of bud. However, there is one exception if the UBIFS image belongs
+	 * to older UBIFS. This is fairly unlikely: one would need to use old
+	 * UBIFS, then have a power cut exactly at the right point, and then
+	 * try to mount this image with new UBIFS.
+	 *
+	 * The exception is: it is possible to have 2 buds A and B, A goes
+	 * before B, and B is the last, bud B is contains no data, and bud A is
+	 * corrupted at the end. The reason is that in older versions when the
+	 * journal code switched the next bud (from A to B), it first added a
+	 * log reference node for the new bud (B), and only after this it
+	 * synchronized the write-buffer of current bud (A). But later this was
+	 * changed and UBIFS started to always synchronize the write-buffer of
+	 * the bud (A) before writing the log reference for the new bud (B).
+	 *
+	 * But because older UBIFS always synchronized A's write-buffer before
+	 * writing to B, we can recognize this exceptional situation but
+	 * checking the contents of bud B - if it is empty, then A can be
+	 * treated as the last and we can recover it.
+	 *
+	 * TODO: remove this piece of code in a couple of years (today it is
+	 * 16.05.2011).
+	 */
+	next = list_entry(bud->list.next, struct ubifs_bud, list);
+	if (!list_is_last(&next->list, &jh->buds_list))
+		return 0;
+
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, next->lnum, (char *)&data, next->start, 4, 1);
+	if (err)
+		return 0;
+
+	return data == 0xFFFFFFFF;
+}
+
+/**
  * replay_bud - replay a bud logical eraseblock.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @lnum: bud logical eraseblock number to replay
- * @offs: bud start offset
- * @jhead: journal head to which this bud belongs
- * @free: amount of free space in the bud is returned here
- * @dirty: amount of dirty space from padding and deletion nodes is returned
- * here
+ * @b: bud entry which describes the bud
  *
- * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
- * case of failure.
+ * This function replays bud @bud, recovers it if needed, and adds all nodes
+ * from this bud to the replay list. Returns zero in case of success and a
+ * negative error code in case of failure.
  */
-static int replay_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int jhead,
-		      int *free, int *dirty)
+static int replay_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, struct bud_entry *b)
 {
-	int err = 0, used = 0;
+	int is_last = is_last_bud(c, b->bud);
+	int err = 0, used = 0, lnum = b->bud->lnum, offs = b->bud->start;
 	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
 	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
-	struct ubifs_bud *bud;
 
-	dbg_mnt("replay bud LEB %d, head %d", lnum, jhead);
-	if (c->need_recovery)
-		sleb = ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, offs, c->sbuf, jhead != GCHD);
+	dbg_mnt("replay bud LEB %d, head %d, offs %d, is_last %d",
+		lnum, b->bud->jhead, offs, is_last);
+
+	if (c->need_recovery && is_last)
+		/*
+		 * Recover only last LEBs in the journal heads, because power
+		 * cuts may cause corruptions only in these LEBs, because only
+		 * these LEBs could possibly be written to at the power cut
+		 * time.
+		 */
+		sleb = ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, offs, c->sbuf, b->bud->jhead);
 	else
-		sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, offs, c->sbuf);
+		sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, offs, c->sbuf, 0);
 	if (IS_ERR(sleb))
 		return PTR_ERR(sleb);
 
@@ -538,7 +582,7 @@ static int replay_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int jhead,
 		cond_resched();
 
 		if (snod->sqnum >= SQNUM_WATERMARK) {
-			ubifs_err("file system's life ended");
+			ubifs_err(c, "file system's life ended");
 			goto out_dump;
 		}
 
@@ -580,7 +624,7 @@ static int replay_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int jhead,
 				goto out_dump;
 
 			err = insert_dent(c, lnum, snod->offs, snod->len,
-					  &snod->key, (char *)dent->name,
+					  &snod->key, dent->name,
 					  le16_to_cpu(dent->nlen), snod->sqnum,
 					  !le64_to_cpu(dent->inum), &used);
 			break;
@@ -596,7 +640,7 @@ static int replay_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int jhead,
 			if (old_size < 0 || old_size > c->max_inode_sz ||
 			    new_size < 0 || new_size > c->max_inode_sz ||
 			    old_size <= new_size) {
-				ubifs_err("bad truncation node");
+				ubifs_err(c, "bad truncation node");
 				goto out_dump;
 			}
 
@@ -611,7 +655,7 @@ static int replay_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int jhead,
 			break;
 		}
 		default:
-			ubifs_err("unexpected node type %d in bud LEB %d:%d",
+			ubifs_err(c, "unexpected node type %d in bud LEB %d:%d",
 				  snod->type, lnum, snod->offs);
 			err = -EINVAL;
 			goto out_dump;
@@ -620,77 +664,27 @@ static int replay_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int jhead,
 			goto out;
 	}
 
-	bud = ubifs_search_bud(c, lnum);
-	if (!bud)
-		BUG();
-
+	ubifs_assert(ubifs_search_bud(c, lnum));
 	ubifs_assert(sleb->endpt - offs >= used);
 	ubifs_assert(sleb->endpt % c->min_io_size == 0);
 
-	*dirty = sleb->endpt - offs - used;
-	*free = c->leb_size - sleb->endpt;
+	b->dirty = sleb->endpt - offs - used;
+	b->free = c->leb_size - sleb->endpt;
+	dbg_mnt("bud LEB %d replied: dirty %d, free %d",
+		lnum, b->dirty, b->free);
 
 out:
 	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
 	return err;
 
 out_dump:
-	ubifs_err("bad node is at LEB %d:%d", lnum, snod->offs);
-	dbg_dump_node(c, snod->node);
+	ubifs_err(c, "bad node is at LEB %d:%d", lnum, snod->offs);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, snod->node);
 	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
 /**
- * insert_ref_node - insert a reference node to the replay tree.
- * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @lnum: node logical eraseblock number
- * @offs: node offset
- * @sqnum: sequence number
- * @free: amount of free space in bud
- * @dirty: amount of dirty space from padding and deletion nodes
- *
- * This function inserts a reference node to the replay tree and returns zero
- * in case of success or a negative error code in case of failure.
- */
-static int insert_ref_node(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
-			   unsigned long long sqnum, int free, int dirty)
-{
-	struct rb_node **p = &c->replay_tree.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
-	struct replay_entry *r;
-
-	dbg_mnt("add ref LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
-	while (*p) {
-		parent = *p;
-		r = rb_entry(parent, struct replay_entry, rb);
-		if (sqnum < r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
-			continue;
-		} else if (sqnum > r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
-			continue;
-		}
-		ubifs_err("duplicate sqnum in replay tree");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	r = kzalloc(sizeof(struct replay_entry), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!r)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	r->lnum = lnum;
-	r->offs = offs;
-	r->sqnum = sqnum;
-	r->flags = REPLAY_REF;
-	r->free = free;
-	r->dirty = dirty;
-
-	rb_link_node(&r->rb, parent, p);
-	rb_insert_color(&r->rb, &c->replay_tree);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/**
  * replay_buds - replay all buds.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
@@ -700,17 +694,16 @@ static int insert_ref_node(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
 static int replay_buds(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
 	struct bud_entry *b;
-	int err, uninitialized_var(free), uninitialized_var(dirty);
+	int err;
+	unsigned long long prev_sqnum = 0;
 
 	list_for_each_entry(b, &c->replay_buds, list) {
-		err = replay_bud(c, b->bud->lnum, b->bud->start, b->bud->jhead,
-				 &free, &dirty);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
-		err = insert_ref_node(c, b->bud->lnum, b->bud->start, b->sqnum,
-				      free, dirty);
+		err = replay_bud(c, b);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
+
+		ubifs_assert(b->sqnum > prev_sqnum);
+		prev_sqnum = b->sqnum;
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -805,7 +798,7 @@ static int validate_ref(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct ubifs_ref_node *ref)
 	if (bud) {
 		if (bud->jhead == jhead && bud->start <= offs)
 			return 1;
-		ubifs_err("bud at LEB %d:%d was already referred", lnum, offs);
+		ubifs_err(c, "bud at LEB %d:%d was already referred", lnum, offs);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -831,10 +824,16 @@ static int replay_log_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, void *sbuf)
 	const struct ubifs_cs_node *node;
 
 	dbg_mnt("replay log LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
-	sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, offs, sbuf);
+	sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, offs, sbuf, c->need_recovery);
 	if (IS_ERR(sleb)) {
-		if (c->need_recovery)
-			sleb = ubifs_recover_log_leb(c, lnum, offs, sbuf);
+		if (PTR_ERR(sleb) != -EUCLEAN || !c->need_recovery)
+			return PTR_ERR(sleb);
+		/*
+		 * Note, the below function will recover this log LEB only if
+		 * it is the last, because unclean reboots can possibly corrupt
+		 * only the tail of the log.
+		 */
+		sleb = ubifs_recover_log_leb(c, lnum, offs, sbuf);
 		if (IS_ERR(sleb))
 			return PTR_ERR(sleb);
 	}
@@ -845,7 +844,6 @@ static int replay_log_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, void *sbuf)
 	}
 
 	node = sleb->buf;
-
 	snod = list_entry(sleb->nodes.next, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
 	if (c->cs_sqnum == 0) {
 		/*
@@ -856,16 +854,15 @@ static int replay_log_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, void *sbuf)
 		 * numbers.
 		 */
 		if (snod->type != UBIFS_CS_NODE) {
-			dbg_err("first log node at LEB %d:%d is not CS node",
-				lnum, offs);
+			ubifs_err(c, "first log node at LEB %d:%d is not CS node",
+				  lnum, offs);
 			goto out_dump;
 		}
 		if (le64_to_cpu(node->cmt_no) != c->cmt_no) {
-			dbg_err("first CS node at LEB %d:%d has wrong "
-				"commit number %llu expected %llu",
-				lnum, offs,
-				(unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(node->cmt_no),
-				c->cmt_no);
+			ubifs_err(c, "first CS node at LEB %d:%d has wrong commit number %llu expected %llu",
+				  lnum, offs,
+				  (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(node->cmt_no),
+				  c->cmt_no);
 			goto out_dump;
 		}
 
@@ -887,22 +884,21 @@ static int replay_log_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, void *sbuf)
 
 	/* Make sure the first node sits at offset zero of the LEB */
 	if (snod->offs != 0) {
-		dbg_err("first node is not at zero offset");
+		ubifs_err(c, "first node is not at zero offset");
 		goto out_dump;
 	}
 
 	list_for_each_entry(snod, &sleb->nodes, list) {
-
 		cond_resched();
 
 		if (snod->sqnum >= SQNUM_WATERMARK) {
-			ubifs_err("file system's life ended");
+			ubifs_err(c, "file system's life ended");
 			goto out_dump;
 		}
 
 		if (snod->sqnum < c->cs_sqnum) {
-			dbg_err("bad sqnum %llu, commit sqnum %llu",
-				snod->sqnum, c->cs_sqnum);
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad sqnum %llu, commit sqnum %llu",
+				  snod->sqnum, c->cs_sqnum);
 			goto out_dump;
 		}
 
@@ -931,12 +927,12 @@ static int replay_log_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, void *sbuf)
 		case UBIFS_CS_NODE:
 			/* Make sure it sits at the beginning of LEB */
 			if (snod->offs != 0) {
-				ubifs_err("unexpected node in log");
+				ubifs_err(c, "unexpected node in log");
 				goto out_dump;
 			}
 			break;
 		default:
-			ubifs_err("unexpected node in log");
+			ubifs_err(c, "unexpected node in log");
 			goto out_dump;
 		}
 	}
@@ -952,9 +948,9 @@ out:
 	return err;
 
 out_dump:
-	ubifs_err("log error detected while replying the log at LEB %d:%d",
+	ubifs_err(c, "log error detected while replaying the log at LEB %d:%d",
 		  lnum, offs + snod->offs);
-	dbg_dump_node(c, snod->node);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, snod->node);
 	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
@@ -1004,67 +1000,76 @@ out:
  */
 int ubifs_replay_journal(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
-	int err, i, lnum, offs, _free;
-	void *sbuf = NULL;
+	int err, lnum, free;
 
 	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_TRUN_KEY > 5);
 
 	/* Update the status of the index head in lprops to 'taken' */
-	_free = take_ihead(c);
-	if (_free < 0)
-		return _free; /* Error code */
+	free = take_ihead(c);
+	if (free < 0)
+		return free; /* Error code */
 
-	if (c->ihead_offs != c->leb_size - _free) {
-		ubifs_err("bad index head LEB %d:%d", c->ihead_lnum,
+	if (c->ihead_offs != c->leb_size - free) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad index head LEB %d:%d", c->ihead_lnum,
 			  c->ihead_offs);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	sbuf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
-	if (!sbuf)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
 	dbg_mnt("start replaying the journal");
-
 	c->replaying = 1;
-
 	lnum = c->ltail_lnum = c->lhead_lnum;
-	offs = c->lhead_offs;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < c->log_lebs; i++, lnum++) {
-		if (lnum >= UBIFS_LOG_LNUM + c->log_lebs) {
+	do {
+		err = replay_log_leb(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf);
+		if (err == 1) {
+			if (lnum != c->lhead_lnum)
+				/* We hit the end of the log */
+				break;
+
 			/*
-			 * The log is logically circular, we reached the last
-			 * LEB, switch to the first one.
+			 * The head of the log must always start with the
+			 * "commit start" node on a properly formatted UBIFS.
+			 * But we found no nodes at all, which means that
+			 * someting went wrong and we cannot proceed mounting
+			 * the file-system.
 			 */
-			lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;
-			offs = 0;
+			ubifs_err(c, "no UBIFS nodes found at the log head LEB %d:%d, possibly corrupted",
+				  lnum, 0);
+			err = -EINVAL;
 		}
-		err = replay_log_leb(c, lnum, offs, sbuf);
-		if (err == 1)
-			/* We hit the end of the log */
-			break;
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
-		offs = 0;
-	}
+		lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, lnum);
+	} while (lnum != c->ltail_lnum);
 
 	err = replay_buds(c);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
-	err = apply_replay_tree(c);
+	err = apply_replay_list(c);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
+	err = set_buds_lprops(c);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * UBIFS budgeting calculations use @c->bi.uncommitted_idx variable
+	 * to roughly estimate index growth. Things like @c->bi.min_idx_lebs
+	 * depend on it. This means we have to initialize it to make sure
+	 * budgeting works properly.
+	 */
+	c->bi.uncommitted_idx = atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_zn_cnt);
+	c->bi.uncommitted_idx *= c->max_idx_node_sz;
+
 	ubifs_assert(c->bud_bytes <= c->max_bud_bytes || c->need_recovery);
-	dbg_mnt("finished, log head LEB %d:%d, max_sqnum %llu, "
-		"highest_inum %lu", c->lhead_lnum, c->lhead_offs, c->max_sqnum,
+	dbg_mnt("finished, log head LEB %d:%d, max_sqnum %llu, highest_inum %lu",
+		c->lhead_lnum, c->lhead_offs, c->max_sqnum,
 		(unsigned long)c->highest_inum);
 out:
-	destroy_replay_tree(c);
+	destroy_replay_list(c);
 	destroy_bud_list(c);
-	vfree(sbuf);
 	c->replaying = 0;
 	return err;
 }
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/sb.c b/fs/ubifs/sb.c
index 00c9cd31a0..05655841e4 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/sb.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/sb.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -27,6 +16,15 @@
  */
 
 #include "ubifs.h"
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#include <linux/math64.h>
+#else
+
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Default journal size in logical eraseblocks as a percent of total
@@ -60,6 +58,284 @@
 /* Default time granularity in nanoseconds */
 #define DEFAULT_TIME_GRAN 1000000000
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * create_default_filesystem - format empty UBI volume.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function creates default empty file-system. Returns zero in case of
+ * success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+static int create_default_filesystem(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_sb_node *sup;
+	struct ubifs_mst_node *mst;
+	struct ubifs_idx_node *idx;
+	struct ubifs_branch *br;
+	struct ubifs_ino_node *ino;
+	struct ubifs_cs_node *cs;
+	union ubifs_key key;
+	int err, tmp, jnl_lebs, log_lebs, max_buds, main_lebs, main_first;
+	int lpt_lebs, lpt_first, orph_lebs, big_lpt, ino_waste, sup_flags = 0;
+	int min_leb_cnt = UBIFS_MIN_LEB_CNT;
+	long long tmp64, main_bytes;
+	__le64 tmp_le64;
+
+	/* Some functions called from here depend on the @c->key_len filed */
+	c->key_len = UBIFS_SK_LEN;
+
+	/*
+	 * First of all, we have to calculate default file-system geometry -
+	 * log size, journal size, etc.
+	 */
+	if (c->leb_cnt < 0x7FFFFFFF / DEFAULT_JNL_PERCENT)
+		/* We can first multiply then divide and have no overflow */
+		jnl_lebs = c->leb_cnt * DEFAULT_JNL_PERCENT / 100;
+	else
+		jnl_lebs = (c->leb_cnt / 100) * DEFAULT_JNL_PERCENT;
+
+	if (jnl_lebs < UBIFS_MIN_JNL_LEBS)
+		jnl_lebs = UBIFS_MIN_JNL_LEBS;
+	if (jnl_lebs * c->leb_size > DEFAULT_MAX_JNL)
+		jnl_lebs = DEFAULT_MAX_JNL / c->leb_size;
+
+	/*
+	 * The log should be large enough to fit reference nodes for all bud
+	 * LEBs. Because buds do not have to start from the beginning of LEBs
+	 * (half of the LEB may contain committed data), the log should
+	 * generally be larger, make it twice as large.
+	 */
+	tmp = 2 * (c->ref_node_alsz * jnl_lebs) + c->leb_size - 1;
+	log_lebs = tmp / c->leb_size;
+	/* Plus one LEB reserved for commit */
+	log_lebs += 1;
+	if (c->leb_cnt - min_leb_cnt > 8) {
+		/* And some extra space to allow writes while committing */
+		log_lebs += 1;
+		min_leb_cnt += 1;
+	}
+
+	max_buds = jnl_lebs - log_lebs;
+	if (max_buds < UBIFS_MIN_BUD_LEBS)
+		max_buds = UBIFS_MIN_BUD_LEBS;
+
+	/*
+	 * Orphan nodes are stored in a separate area. One node can store a lot
+	 * of orphan inode numbers, but when new orphan comes we just add a new
+	 * orphan node. At some point the nodes are consolidated into one
+	 * orphan node.
+	 */
+	orph_lebs = UBIFS_MIN_ORPH_LEBS;
+	if (c->leb_cnt - min_leb_cnt > 1)
+		/*
+		 * For debugging purposes it is better to have at least 2
+		 * orphan LEBs, because the orphan subsystem would need to do
+		 * consolidations and would be stressed more.
+		 */
+		orph_lebs += 1;
+
+	main_lebs = c->leb_cnt - UBIFS_SB_LEBS - UBIFS_MST_LEBS - log_lebs;
+	main_lebs -= orph_lebs;
+
+	lpt_first = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM + log_lebs;
+	c->lsave_cnt = DEFAULT_LSAVE_CNT;
+	c->max_leb_cnt = c->leb_cnt;
+	err = ubifs_create_dflt_lpt(c, &main_lebs, lpt_first, &lpt_lebs,
+				    &big_lpt);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	dbg_gen("LEB Properties Tree created (LEBs %d-%d)", lpt_first,
+		lpt_first + lpt_lebs - 1);
+
+	main_first = c->leb_cnt - main_lebs;
+
+	/* Create default superblock */
+	tmp = ALIGN(UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size);
+	sup = kzalloc(tmp, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!sup)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	tmp64 = (long long)max_buds * c->leb_size;
+	if (big_lpt)
+		sup_flags |= UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT;
+
+	sup->ch.node_type  = UBIFS_SB_NODE;
+	sup->key_hash      = UBIFS_KEY_HASH_R5;
+	sup->flags         = cpu_to_le32(sup_flags);
+	sup->min_io_size   = cpu_to_le32(c->min_io_size);
+	sup->leb_size      = cpu_to_le32(c->leb_size);
+	sup->leb_cnt       = cpu_to_le32(c->leb_cnt);
+	sup->max_leb_cnt   = cpu_to_le32(c->max_leb_cnt);
+	sup->max_bud_bytes = cpu_to_le64(tmp64);
+	sup->log_lebs      = cpu_to_le32(log_lebs);
+	sup->lpt_lebs      = cpu_to_le32(lpt_lebs);
+	sup->orph_lebs     = cpu_to_le32(orph_lebs);
+	sup->jhead_cnt     = cpu_to_le32(DEFAULT_JHEADS_CNT);
+	sup->fanout        = cpu_to_le32(DEFAULT_FANOUT);
+	sup->lsave_cnt     = cpu_to_le32(c->lsave_cnt);
+	sup->fmt_version   = cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION);
+	sup->time_gran     = cpu_to_le32(DEFAULT_TIME_GRAN);
+	if (c->mount_opts.override_compr)
+		sup->default_compr = cpu_to_le16(c->mount_opts.compr_type);
+	else
+		sup->default_compr = cpu_to_le16(UBIFS_COMPR_LZO);
+
+	generate_random_uuid(sup->uuid);
+
+	main_bytes = (long long)main_lebs * c->leb_size;
+	tmp64 = div_u64(main_bytes * DEFAULT_RP_PERCENT, 100);
+	if (tmp64 > DEFAULT_MAX_RP_SIZE)
+		tmp64 = DEFAULT_MAX_RP_SIZE;
+	sup->rp_size = cpu_to_le64(tmp64);
+	sup->ro_compat_version = cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION);
+
+	err = ubifs_write_node(c, sup, UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ, 0, 0);
+	kfree(sup);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	dbg_gen("default superblock created at LEB 0:0");
+
+	/* Create default master node */
+	mst = kzalloc(c->mst_node_alsz, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!mst)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	mst->ch.node_type = UBIFS_MST_NODE;
+	mst->log_lnum     = cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_LOG_LNUM);
+	mst->highest_inum = cpu_to_le64(UBIFS_FIRST_INO);
+	mst->cmt_no       = 0;
+	mst->root_lnum    = cpu_to_le32(main_first + DEFAULT_IDX_LEB);
+	mst->root_offs    = 0;
+	tmp = ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, 1);
+	mst->root_len     = cpu_to_le32(tmp);
+	mst->gc_lnum      = cpu_to_le32(main_first + DEFAULT_GC_LEB);
+	mst->ihead_lnum   = cpu_to_le32(main_first + DEFAULT_IDX_LEB);
+	mst->ihead_offs   = cpu_to_le32(ALIGN(tmp, c->min_io_size));
+	mst->index_size   = cpu_to_le64(ALIGN(tmp, 8));
+	mst->lpt_lnum     = cpu_to_le32(c->lpt_lnum);
+	mst->lpt_offs     = cpu_to_le32(c->lpt_offs);
+	mst->nhead_lnum   = cpu_to_le32(c->nhead_lnum);
+	mst->nhead_offs   = cpu_to_le32(c->nhead_offs);
+	mst->ltab_lnum    = cpu_to_le32(c->ltab_lnum);
+	mst->ltab_offs    = cpu_to_le32(c->ltab_offs);
+	mst->lsave_lnum   = cpu_to_le32(c->lsave_lnum);
+	mst->lsave_offs   = cpu_to_le32(c->lsave_offs);
+	mst->lscan_lnum   = cpu_to_le32(main_first);
+	mst->empty_lebs   = cpu_to_le32(main_lebs - 2);
+	mst->idx_lebs     = cpu_to_le32(1);
+	mst->leb_cnt      = cpu_to_le32(c->leb_cnt);
+
+	/* Calculate lprops statistics */
+	tmp64 = main_bytes;
+	tmp64 -= ALIGN(ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, 1), c->min_io_size);
+	tmp64 -= ALIGN(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size);
+	mst->total_free = cpu_to_le64(tmp64);
+
+	tmp64 = ALIGN(ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, 1), c->min_io_size);
+	ino_waste = ALIGN(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size) -
+			  UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
+	tmp64 += ino_waste;
+	tmp64 -= ALIGN(ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, 1), 8);
+	mst->total_dirty = cpu_to_le64(tmp64);
+
+	/*  The indexing LEB does not contribute to dark space */
+	tmp64 = ((long long)(c->main_lebs - 1) * c->dark_wm);
+	mst->total_dark = cpu_to_le64(tmp64);
+
+	mst->total_used = cpu_to_le64(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ);
+
+	err = ubifs_write_node(c, mst, UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_MST_LNUM, 0);
+	if (err) {
+		kfree(mst);
+		return err;
+	}
+	err = ubifs_write_node(c, mst, UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_MST_LNUM + 1,
+			       0);
+	kfree(mst);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	dbg_gen("default master node created at LEB %d:0", UBIFS_MST_LNUM);
+
+	/* Create the root indexing node */
+	tmp = ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, 1);
+	idx = kzalloc(ALIGN(tmp, c->min_io_size), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!idx)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	c->key_fmt = UBIFS_SIMPLE_KEY_FMT;
+	c->key_hash = key_r5_hash;
+
+	idx->ch.node_type = UBIFS_IDX_NODE;
+	idx->child_cnt = cpu_to_le16(1);
+	ino_key_init(c, &key, UBIFS_ROOT_INO);
+	br = ubifs_idx_branch(c, idx, 0);
+	key_write_idx(c, &key, &br->key);
+	br->lnum = cpu_to_le32(main_first + DEFAULT_DATA_LEB);
+	br->len  = cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ);
+	err = ubifs_write_node(c, idx, tmp, main_first + DEFAULT_IDX_LEB, 0);
+	kfree(idx);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	dbg_gen("default root indexing node created LEB %d:0",
+		main_first + DEFAULT_IDX_LEB);
+
+	/* Create default root inode */
+	tmp = ALIGN(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size);
+	ino = kzalloc(tmp, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ino)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ino_key_init_flash(c, &ino->key, UBIFS_ROOT_INO);
+	ino->ch.node_type = UBIFS_INO_NODE;
+	ino->creat_sqnum = cpu_to_le64(++c->max_sqnum);
+	ino->nlink = cpu_to_le32(2);
+	tmp_le64 = cpu_to_le64(CURRENT_TIME_SEC.tv_sec);
+	ino->atime_sec   = tmp_le64;
+	ino->ctime_sec   = tmp_le64;
+	ino->mtime_sec   = tmp_le64;
+	ino->atime_nsec  = 0;
+	ino->ctime_nsec  = 0;
+	ino->mtime_nsec  = 0;
+	ino->mode = cpu_to_le32(S_IFDIR | S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR | S_IXUGO);
+	ino->size = cpu_to_le64(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ);
+
+	/* Set compression enabled by default */
+	ino->flags = cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_COMPR_FL);
+
+	err = ubifs_write_node(c, ino, UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ,
+			       main_first + DEFAULT_DATA_LEB, 0);
+	kfree(ino);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	dbg_gen("root inode created at LEB %d:0",
+		main_first + DEFAULT_DATA_LEB);
+
+	/*
+	 * The first node in the log has to be the commit start node. This is
+	 * always the case during normal file-system operation. Write a fake
+	 * commit start node to the log.
+	 */
+	tmp = ALIGN(UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size);
+	cs = kzalloc(tmp, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!cs)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	cs->ch.node_type = UBIFS_CS_NODE;
+	err = ubifs_write_node(c, cs, UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_LOG_LNUM, 0);
+	kfree(cs);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	ubifs_msg(c, "default file-system created");
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * validate_sb - validate superblock node.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -86,13 +362,13 @@ static int validate_sb(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_sb_node *sup)
 	}
 
 	if (le32_to_cpu(sup->min_io_size) != c->min_io_size) {
-		ubifs_err("min. I/O unit mismatch: %d in superblock, %d real",
+		ubifs_err(c, "min. I/O unit mismatch: %d in superblock, %d real",
 			  le32_to_cpu(sup->min_io_size), c->min_io_size);
 		goto failed;
 	}
 
 	if (le32_to_cpu(sup->leb_size) != c->leb_size) {
-		ubifs_err("LEB size mismatch: %d in superblock, %d real",
+		ubifs_err(c, "LEB size mismatch: %d in superblock, %d real",
 			  le32_to_cpu(sup->leb_size), c->leb_size);
 		goto failed;
 	}
@@ -114,26 +390,34 @@ static int validate_sb(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_sb_node *sup)
 	min_leb_cnt += c->lpt_lebs + c->orph_lebs + c->jhead_cnt + 6;
 
 	if (c->leb_cnt < min_leb_cnt || c->leb_cnt > c->vi.size) {
-		ubifs_err("bad LEB count: %d in superblock, %d on UBI volume, "
-			  "%d minimum required", c->leb_cnt, c->vi.size,
-			  min_leb_cnt);
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad LEB count: %d in superblock, %d on UBI volume, %d minimum required",
+			  c->leb_cnt, c->vi.size, min_leb_cnt);
 		goto failed;
 	}
 
 	if (c->max_leb_cnt < c->leb_cnt) {
-		ubifs_err("max. LEB count %d less than LEB count %d",
+		ubifs_err(c, "max. LEB count %d less than LEB count %d",
 			  c->max_leb_cnt, c->leb_cnt);
 		goto failed;
 	}
 
 	if (c->main_lebs < UBIFS_MIN_MAIN_LEBS) {
-		err = 7;
+		ubifs_err(c, "too few main LEBs count %d, must be at least %d",
+			  c->main_lebs, UBIFS_MIN_MAIN_LEBS);
 		goto failed;
 	}
 
-	if (c->max_bud_bytes < (long long)c->leb_size * UBIFS_MIN_BUD_LEBS ||
-	    c->max_bud_bytes > (long long)c->leb_size * c->main_lebs) {
-		err = 8;
+	max_bytes = (long long)c->leb_size * UBIFS_MIN_BUD_LEBS;
+	if (c->max_bud_bytes < max_bytes) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "too small journal (%lld bytes), must be at least %lld bytes",
+			  c->max_bud_bytes, max_bytes);
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	max_bytes = (long long)c->leb_size * c->main_lebs;
+	if (c->max_bud_bytes > max_bytes) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "too large journal size (%lld bytes), only %lld bytes available in the main area",
+			  c->max_bud_bytes, max_bytes);
 		goto failed;
 	}
 
@@ -162,12 +446,11 @@ static int validate_sb(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_sb_node *sup)
 		goto failed;
 	}
 
-	if (c->default_compr < 0 || c->default_compr >= UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT) {
+	if (c->default_compr >= UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT) {
 		err = 13;
 		goto failed;
 	}
 
-	max_bytes = c->main_lebs * (long long)c->leb_size;
 	if (c->rp_size < 0 || max_bytes < c->rp_size) {
 		err = 14;
 		goto failed;
@@ -182,8 +465,8 @@ static int validate_sb(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_sb_node *sup)
 	return 0;
 
 failed:
-	ubifs_err("bad superblock, error %d", err);
-	dbg_dump_node(c, sup);
+	ubifs_err(c, "bad superblock, error %d", err);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, sup);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
@@ -192,7 +475,8 @@ failed:
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
  * This function returns a pointer to the superblock node or a negative error
- * code.
+ * code. Note, the user of this function is responsible of kfree()'ing the
+ * returned superblock buffer.
  */
 struct ubifs_sb_node *ubifs_read_sb_node(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
@@ -214,6 +498,21 @@ struct ubifs_sb_node *ubifs_read_sb_node(struct ubifs_info *c)
 }
 
 /**
+ * ubifs_write_sb_node - write superblock node.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @sup: superblock node read with 'ubifs_read_sb_node()'
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_write_sb_node(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_sb_node *sup)
+{
+	int len = ALIGN(UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size);
+
+	ubifs_prepare_node(c, sup, UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ, 1);
+	return ubifs_leb_change(c, UBIFS_SB_LNUM, sup, len);
+}
+
+/**
  * ubifs_read_superblock - read superblock.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
@@ -227,8 +526,14 @@ int ubifs_read_superblock(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	struct ubifs_sb_node *sup;
 
 	if (c->empty) {
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+		err = create_default_filesystem(c);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+#else
 		printf("No UBIFS filesystem found!\n");
 		return -1;
+#endif
 	}
 
 	sup = ubifs_read_sb_node(c);
@@ -243,19 +548,15 @@ int ubifs_read_superblock(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	 * due to the unavailability of time-travelling equipment.
 	 */
 	if (c->fmt_version > UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION) {
-		struct super_block *sb = c->vfs_sb;
-		int mounting_ro = sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY;
-
-		ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media || mounting_ro);
-		if (!mounting_ro ||
+		ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media || c->ro_mount);
+		if (!c->ro_mount ||
 		    c->ro_compat_version > UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION) {
-			ubifs_err("on-flash format version is w%d/r%d, but "
-				  "software only supports up to version "
-				  "w%d/r%d", c->fmt_version,
-				  c->ro_compat_version, UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION,
+			ubifs_err(c, "on-flash format version is w%d/r%d, but software only supports up to version w%d/r%d",
+				  c->fmt_version, c->ro_compat_version,
+				  UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION,
 				  UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION);
 			if (c->ro_compat_version <= UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION) {
-				ubifs_msg("only R/O mounting is possible");
+				ubifs_msg(c, "only R/O mounting is possible");
 				err = -EROFS;
 			} else
 				err = -EINVAL;
@@ -271,7 +572,7 @@ int ubifs_read_superblock(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	}
 
 	if (c->fmt_version < 3) {
-		ubifs_err("on-flash format version %d is not supported",
+		ubifs_err(c, "on-flash format version %d is not supported",
 			  c->fmt_version);
 		err = -EINVAL;
 		goto out;
@@ -296,7 +597,7 @@ int ubifs_read_superblock(struct ubifs_info *c)
 		c->key_len = UBIFS_SK_LEN;
 		break;
 	default:
-		ubifs_err("unsupported key format");
+		ubifs_err(c, "unsupported key format");
 		err = -EINVAL;
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -310,22 +611,41 @@ int ubifs_read_superblock(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	c->jhead_cnt     = le32_to_cpu(sup->jhead_cnt) + NONDATA_JHEADS_CNT;
 	c->fanout        = le32_to_cpu(sup->fanout);
 	c->lsave_cnt     = le32_to_cpu(sup->lsave_cnt);
-	c->default_compr = le16_to_cpu(sup->default_compr);
 	c->rp_size       = le64_to_cpu(sup->rp_size);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	c->rp_uid        = make_kuid(&init_user_ns, le32_to_cpu(sup->rp_uid));
+	c->rp_gid        = make_kgid(&init_user_ns, le32_to_cpu(sup->rp_gid));
+#else
 	c->rp_uid        = le32_to_cpu(sup->rp_uid);
 	c->rp_gid        = le32_to_cpu(sup->rp_gid);
+#endif
 	sup_flags        = le32_to_cpu(sup->flags);
+	if (!c->mount_opts.override_compr)
+		c->default_compr = le16_to_cpu(sup->default_compr);
 
 	c->vfs_sb->s_time_gran = le32_to_cpu(sup->time_gran);
 	memcpy(&c->uuid, &sup->uuid, 16);
 	c->big_lpt = !!(sup_flags & UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT);
+	c->space_fixup = !!(sup_flags & UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP);
 
 	/* Automatically increase file system size to the maximum size */
 	c->old_leb_cnt = c->leb_cnt;
 	if (c->leb_cnt < c->vi.size && c->leb_cnt < c->max_leb_cnt) {
 		c->leb_cnt = min_t(int, c->max_leb_cnt, c->vi.size);
-		dbg_mnt("Auto resizing (ro) from %d LEBs to %d LEBs",
-			c->old_leb_cnt,	c->leb_cnt);
+		if (c->ro_mount)
+			dbg_mnt("Auto resizing (ro) from %d LEBs to %d LEBs",
+				c->old_leb_cnt,	c->leb_cnt);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+		else {
+			dbg_mnt("Auto resizing (sb) from %d LEBs to %d LEBs",
+				c->old_leb_cnt, c->leb_cnt);
+			sup->leb_cnt = cpu_to_le32(c->leb_cnt);
+			err = ubifs_write_sb_node(c, sup);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			c->old_leb_cnt = c->leb_cnt;
+		}
+#endif
 	}
 
 	c->log_bytes = (long long)c->log_lebs * c->leb_size;
@@ -337,10 +657,162 @@ int ubifs_read_superblock(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	c->main_lebs = c->leb_cnt - UBIFS_SB_LEBS - UBIFS_MST_LEBS;
 	c->main_lebs -= c->log_lebs + c->lpt_lebs + c->orph_lebs;
 	c->main_first = c->leb_cnt - c->main_lebs;
-	c->report_rp_size = ubifs_reported_space(c, c->rp_size);
 
 	err = validate_sb(c, sup);
 out:
 	kfree(sup);
 	return err;
 }
+
+/**
+ * fixup_leb - fixup/unmap an LEB containing free space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: the LEB number to fix up
+ * @len: number of used bytes in LEB (starting at offset 0)
+ *
+ * This function reads the contents of the given LEB number @lnum, then fixes
+ * it up, so that empty min. I/O units in the end of LEB are actually erased on
+ * flash (rather than being just all-0xff real data). If the LEB is completely
+ * empty, it is simply unmapped.
+ */
+static int fixup_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int len)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	ubifs_assert(len >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(len % c->min_io_size == 0);
+	ubifs_assert(len < c->leb_size);
+
+	if (len == 0) {
+		dbg_mnt("unmap empty LEB %d", lnum);
+		return ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
+	}
+
+	dbg_mnt("fixup LEB %d, data len %d", lnum, len);
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, c->sbuf, 0, len, 1);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	return ubifs_leb_change(c, lnum, c->sbuf, len);
+}
+
+/**
+ * fixup_free_space - find & remap all LEBs containing free space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function walks through all LEBs in the filesystem and fiexes up those
+ * containing free/empty space.
+ */
+static int fixup_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int lnum, err = 0;
+	struct ubifs_lprops *lprops;
+
+	ubifs_get_lprops(c);
+
+	/* Fixup LEBs in the master area */
+	for (lnum = UBIFS_MST_LNUM; lnum < UBIFS_LOG_LNUM; lnum++) {
+		err = fixup_leb(c, lnum, c->mst_offs + c->mst_node_alsz);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Unmap unused log LEBs */
+	lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
+	while (lnum != c->ltail_lnum) {
+		err = fixup_leb(c, lnum, 0);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, lnum);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Fixup the log head which contains the only a CS node at the
+	 * beginning.
+	 */
+	err = fixup_leb(c, c->lhead_lnum,
+			ALIGN(UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size));
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Fixup LEBs in the LPT area */
+	for (lnum = c->lpt_first; lnum <= c->lpt_last; lnum++) {
+		int free = c->ltab[lnum - c->lpt_first].free;
+
+		if (free > 0) {
+			err = fixup_leb(c, lnum, c->leb_size - free);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Unmap LEBs in the orphans area */
+	for (lnum = c->orph_first; lnum <= c->orph_last; lnum++) {
+		err = fixup_leb(c, lnum, 0);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Fixup LEBs in the main area */
+	for (lnum = c->main_first; lnum < c->leb_cnt; lnum++) {
+		lprops = ubifs_lpt_lookup(c, lnum);
+		if (IS_ERR(lprops)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(lprops);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (lprops->free > 0) {
+			err = fixup_leb(c, lnum, c->leb_size - lprops->free);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	ubifs_release_lprops(c);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_fixup_free_space - find & fix all LEBs with free space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function fixes up LEBs containing free space on first mount, if the
+ * appropriate flag was set when the FS was created. Each LEB with one or more
+ * empty min. I/O unit (i.e. free-space-count > 0) is re-written, to make sure
+ * the free space is actually erased. E.g., this is necessary for some NAND
+ * chips, since the free space may have been programmed like real "0xff" data
+ * (generating a non-0xff ECC), causing future writes to the not-really-erased
+ * NAND pages to behave badly. After the space is fixed up, the superblock flag
+ * is cleared, so that this is skipped for all future mounts.
+ */
+int ubifs_fixup_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ubifs_sb_node *sup;
+
+	ubifs_assert(c->space_fixup);
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_mount);
+
+	ubifs_msg(c, "start fixing up free space");
+
+	err = fixup_free_space(c);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	sup = ubifs_read_sb_node(c);
+	if (IS_ERR(sup))
+		return PTR_ERR(sup);
+
+	/* Free-space fixup is no longer required */
+	c->space_fixup = 0;
+	sup->flags &= cpu_to_le32(~UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP);
+
+	err = ubifs_write_sb_node(c, sup);
+	kfree(sup);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	ubifs_msg(c, "free space fixup complete");
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/scan.c b/fs/ubifs/scan.c
index 633a56f864..685670cfcb 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/scan.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/scan.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Adrian Hunter
  *          Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
@@ -27,6 +16,9 @@
  * debugging functions.
  */
 
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#endif
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
 /**
@@ -75,7 +67,7 @@ int ubifs_scan_a_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len, int lnum,
 	magic = le32_to_cpu(ch->magic);
 
 	if (magic == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
-		dbg_scan("hit empty space");
+		dbg_scan("hit empty space at LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
 		return SCANNED_EMPTY_SPACE;
 	}
 
@@ -85,7 +77,8 @@ int ubifs_scan_a_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len, int lnum,
 	if (len < UBIFS_CH_SZ)
 		return SCANNED_GARBAGE;
 
-	dbg_scan("scanning %s", dbg_ntype(ch->node_type));
+	dbg_scan("scanning %s at LEB %d:%d",
+		 dbg_ntype(ch->node_type), lnum, offs);
 
 	if (ubifs_check_node(c, buf, lnum, offs, quiet, 1))
 		return SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE;
@@ -99,24 +92,23 @@ int ubifs_scan_a_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len, int lnum,
 		if (pad_len < 0 ||
 		    offs + node_len + pad_len > c->leb_size) {
 			if (!quiet) {
-				ubifs_err("bad pad node at LEB %d:%d",
+				ubifs_err(c, "bad pad node at LEB %d:%d",
 					  lnum, offs);
-				dbg_dump_node(c, pad);
+				ubifs_dump_node(c, pad);
 			}
 			return SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE;
 		}
 
 		/* Make the node pads to 8-byte boundary */
 		if ((node_len + pad_len) & 7) {
-			if (!quiet) {
-				dbg_err("bad padding length %d - %d",
-					offs, offs + node_len + pad_len);
-			}
+			if (!quiet)
+				ubifs_err(c, "bad padding length %d - %d",
+					  offs, offs + node_len + pad_len);
 			return SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE;
 		}
 
-		dbg_scan("%d bytes padded, offset now %d",
-			 pad_len, ALIGN(offs + node_len + pad_len, 8));
+		dbg_scan("%d bytes padded at LEB %d:%d, offset now %d", pad_len,
+			 lnum, offs, ALIGN(offs + node_len + pad_len, 8));
 
 		return node_len + pad_len;
 	}
@@ -131,7 +123,8 @@ int ubifs_scan_a_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len, int lnum,
  * @offs: offset to start at (usually zero)
  * @sbuf: scan buffer (must be c->leb_size)
  *
- * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
+ * This function returns the scanned information on success and a negative error
+ * code on failure.
  */
 struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_start_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 					int offs, void *sbuf)
@@ -149,17 +142,18 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_start_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sleb->nodes);
 	sleb->buf = sbuf;
 
-	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, sbuf + offs, offs, c->leb_size - offs);
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, sbuf + offs, offs, c->leb_size - offs, 0);
 	if (err && err != -EBADMSG) {
-		ubifs_err("cannot read %d bytes from LEB %d:%d,"
-			  " error %d", c->leb_size - offs, lnum, offs, err);
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot read %d bytes from LEB %d:%d, error %d",
+			  c->leb_size - offs, lnum, offs, err);
 		kfree(sleb);
 		return ERR_PTR(err);
 	}
 
-	if (err == -EBADMSG)
-		sleb->ecc = 1;
-
+	/*
+	 * Note, we ignore integrity errors (EBASMSG) because all the nodes are
+	 * protected by CRC checksums.
+	 */
 	return sleb;
 }
 
@@ -169,12 +163,11 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_start_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
  * @sleb: scanning information
  * @lnum: logical eraseblock number
  * @offs: offset to start at (usually zero)
- *
- * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
  */
 void ubifs_end_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
 		    int lnum, int offs)
 {
+	lnum = lnum;
 	dbg_scan("stop scanning LEB %d at offset %d", lnum, offs);
 	ubifs_assert(offs % c->min_io_size == 0);
 
@@ -197,7 +190,7 @@ int ubifs_add_snod(const struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
 	struct ubifs_ino_node *ino = buf;
 	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
 
-	snod = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_scan_node), GFP_NOFS);
+	snod = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_scan_node), GFP_NOFS);
 	if (!snod)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -212,13 +205,15 @@ int ubifs_add_snod(const struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
 	case UBIFS_DENT_NODE:
 	case UBIFS_XENT_NODE:
 	case UBIFS_DATA_NODE:
-	case UBIFS_TRUN_NODE:
 		/*
 		 * The key is in the same place in all keyed
 		 * nodes.
 		 */
 		key_read(c, &ino->key, &snod->key);
 		break;
+	default:
+		invalid_key_init(c, &snod->key);
+		break;
 	}
 	list_add_tail(&snod->list, &sleb->nodes);
 	sleb->nodes_cnt += 1;
@@ -237,13 +232,11 @@ void ubifs_scanned_corruption(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
 {
 	int len;
 
-	ubifs_err("corrupted data at LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
-	if (dbg_failure_mode)
-		return;
+	ubifs_err(c, "corruption at LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
 	len = c->leb_size - offs;
-	if (len > 4096)
-		len = 4096;
-	dbg_err("first %d bytes from LEB %d:%d", len, lnum, offs);
+	if (len > 8192)
+		len = 8192;
+	ubifs_err(c, "first %d bytes from LEB %d:%d", len, lnum, offs);
 	print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, "", DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, 32, 4, buf, len, 1);
 }
 
@@ -252,13 +245,19 @@ void ubifs_scanned_corruption(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @lnum: logical eraseblock number
  * @offs: offset to start at (usually zero)
- * @sbuf: scan buffer (must be c->leb_size)
+ * @sbuf: scan buffer (must be of @c->leb_size bytes in size)
+ * @quiet: print no messages
  *
  * This function scans LEB number @lnum and returns complete information about
- * its contents. Returns an error code in case of failure.
+ * its contents. Returns the scanned information in case of success and,
+ * %-EUCLEAN if the LEB neads recovery, and other negative error codes in case
+ * of failure.
+ *
+ * If @quiet is non-zero, this function does not print large and scary
+ * error messages and flash dumps in case of errors.
  */
 struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
-				  int offs, void *sbuf)
+				  int offs, void *sbuf, int quiet)
 {
 	void *buf = sbuf + offs;
 	int err, len = c->leb_size - offs;
@@ -277,8 +276,7 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 
 		cond_resched();
 
-		ret = ubifs_scan_a_node(c, buf, len, lnum, offs, 0);
-
+		ret = ubifs_scan_a_node(c, buf, len, lnum, offs, quiet);
 		if (ret > 0) {
 			/* Padding bytes or a valid padding node */
 			offs += ret;
@@ -293,17 +291,18 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 
 		switch (ret) {
 		case SCANNED_GARBAGE:
-			dbg_err("garbage");
+			ubifs_err(c, "garbage");
 			goto corrupted;
 		case SCANNED_A_NODE:
 			break;
 		case SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE:
 		case SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE:
-			dbg_err("bad node");
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad node");
 			goto corrupted;
 		default:
-			dbg_err("unknown");
-			goto corrupted;
+			ubifs_err(c, "unknown");
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto error;
 		}
 
 		err = ubifs_add_snod(c, sleb, buf, offs);
@@ -316,8 +315,12 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 		len -= node_len;
 	}
 
-	if (offs % c->min_io_size)
+	if (offs % c->min_io_size) {
+		if (!quiet)
+			ubifs_err(c, "empty space starts at non-aligned offset %d",
+				  offs);
 		goto corrupted;
+	}
 
 	ubifs_end_scan(c, sleb, lnum, offs);
 
@@ -326,18 +329,25 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 			break;
 	for (; len; offs++, buf++, len--)
 		if (*(uint8_t *)buf != 0xff) {
-			ubifs_err("corrupt empty space at LEB %d:%d",
-				  lnum, offs);
+			if (!quiet)
+				ubifs_err(c, "corrupt empty space at LEB %d:%d",
+					  lnum, offs);
 			goto corrupted;
 		}
 
 	return sleb;
 
 corrupted:
-	ubifs_scanned_corruption(c, lnum, offs, buf);
+	if (!quiet) {
+		ubifs_scanned_corruption(c, lnum, offs, buf);
+		ubifs_err(c, "LEB %d scanning failed", lnum);
+	}
 	err = -EUCLEAN;
+	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+
 error:
-	ubifs_err("LEB %d scanning failed", lnum);
+	ubifs_err(c, "LEB %d scanning failed, error %d", lnum, err);
 	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
 	return ERR_PTR(err);
 }
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/super.c b/fs/ubifs/super.c
index b45240d623..0017a4a2d1 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/super.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/super.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -26,64 +15,53 @@
  * corresponding subsystems, but most of it is here.
  */
 
-#include "ubifs.h"
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/parser.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
 #include <linux/math64.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#else
+
+#include <common.h>
+#include <init.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <linux/bug.h>
+#include <linux/log2.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include "ubifs.h"
+#include <mtd/ubi-user.h>
 
-#define INODE_LOCKED_MAX	64
-
-static struct inode *inodes_locked_down[INODE_LOCKED_MAX];
+struct dentry;
+struct file;
+struct iattr;
+struct kstat;
+struct vfsmount;
 
-/* shrinker.c */
+#define INODE_LOCKED_MAX	64
 
-/* List of all UBIFS file-system instances */
-LIST_HEAD(ubifs_infos);
+struct super_block *ubifs_sb;
+LIST_HEAD(super_blocks);
 
-/* linux/fs/super.c */
+static struct inode *inodes_locked_down[INODE_LOCKED_MAX];
 
-/**
- * validate_inode - validate inode.
- * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @inode: the inode to validate
- *
- * This is a helper function for 'ubifs_iget()' which validates various fields
- * of a newly built inode to make sure they contain sane values and prevent
- * possible vulnerabilities. Returns zero if the inode is all right and
- * a non-zero error code if not.
- */
-static int validate_inode(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *inode)
+int set_anon_super(struct super_block *s, void *data)
 {
-	int err;
-	const struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
-
-	if (inode->i_size > c->max_inode_sz) {
-		ubifs_err("inode is too large (%lld)",
-			  (long long)inode->i_size);
-		return 1;
-	}
-
-	if (ui->compr_type < 0 || ui->compr_type >= UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT) {
-		ubifs_err("unknown compression type %d", ui->compr_type);
-		return 2;
-	}
-
-	if (ui->data_len < 0 || ui->data_len > UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA)
-		return 4;
-
-	if (!ubifs_compr_present(ui->compr_type)) {
-		ubifs_warn("inode %lu uses '%s' compression, but it was not "
-			   "compiled in", inode->i_ino,
-			   ubifs_compr_name(ui->compr_type));
-	}
-
-	err = dbg_check_dir_size(c, inode);
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 struct inode *iget_locked(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
 {
 	struct inode *inode;
 
-	inode = (struct inode *)malloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_inode));
+	inode = (struct inode *)kzalloc(
+			sizeof(struct ubifs_inode), 0);
 	if (inode) {
 		inode->i_ino = ino;
 		inode->i_sb = sb;
@@ -94,6 +72,10 @@ struct inode *iget_locked(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
 	return inode;
 }
 
+void iget_failed(struct inode *inode)
+{
+}
+
 int ubifs_iput(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	list_del_init(&inode->i_sb_list);
@@ -119,14 +101,14 @@ void iput(struct inode *inode)
 	}
 
 	if (i >= INODE_LOCKED_MAX) {
-		ubifs_err("Error, can't lock (save) more inodes while recovery!!!");
+		dbg_gen("Error, can't lock (save) more inodes while recovery!!!");
 		return;
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Allocate and use new inode
 	 */
-	ino = (struct inode *)malloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_inode));
+	ino = (struct inode *)kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_inode), 0);
 	memcpy(ino, inode, sizeof(struct ubifs_inode));
 
 	/*
@@ -135,6 +117,120 @@ void iput(struct inode *inode)
 	inodes_locked_down[i] = ino;
 }
 
+/* from fs/inode.c */
+/**
+ * clear_nlink - directly zero an inode's link count
+ * @inode: inode
+ *
+ * This is a low-level filesystem helper to replace any
+ * direct filesystem manipulation of i_nlink.  See
+ * drop_nlink() for why we care about i_nlink hitting zero.
+ */
+void clear_nlink(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	if (inode->i_nlink) {
+		inode->__i_nlink = 0;
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(clear_nlink);
+
+/**
+ * set_nlink - directly set an inode's link count
+ * @inode: inode
+ * @nlink: new nlink (should be non-zero)
+ *
+ * This is a low-level filesystem helper to replace any
+ * direct filesystem manipulation of i_nlink.
+ */
+void set_nlink(struct inode *inode, unsigned int nlink)
+{
+	if (!nlink) {
+		clear_nlink(inode);
+	} else {
+		inode->__i_nlink = nlink;
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_nlink);
+
+/* from include/linux/fs.h */
+static inline void i_uid_write(struct inode *inode, uid_t uid)
+{
+	inode->i_uid = uid;
+}
+
+static inline void i_gid_write(struct inode *inode, gid_t gid)
+{
+	inode->i_gid = gid;
+}
+
+void unlock_new_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Maximum amount of memory we may 'kmalloc()' without worrying that we are
+ * allocating too much.
+ */
+#define UBIFS_KMALLOC_OK (128*1024)
+
+/* Slab cache for UBIFS inodes */
+struct kmem_cache *ubifs_inode_slab;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/* UBIFS TNC shrinker description */
+static struct shrinker ubifs_shrinker_info = {
+	.scan_objects = ubifs_shrink_scan,
+	.count_objects = ubifs_shrink_count,
+	.seeks = DEFAULT_SEEKS,
+};
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * validate_inode - validate inode.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @inode: the inode to validate
+ *
+ * This is a helper function for 'ubifs_iget()' which validates various fields
+ * of a newly built inode to make sure they contain sane values and prevent
+ * possible vulnerabilities. Returns zero if the inode is all right and
+ * a non-zero error code if not.
+ */
+static int validate_inode(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err;
+	const struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+
+	if (inode->i_size > c->max_inode_sz) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "inode is too large (%lld)",
+			  (long long)inode->i_size);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (ui->compr_type >= UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "unknown compression type %d", ui->compr_type);
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	if (ui->xattr_names + ui->xattr_cnt > XATTR_LIST_MAX)
+		return 3;
+
+	if (ui->data_len < 0 || ui->data_len > UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA)
+		return 4;
+
+	if (ui->xattr && !S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
+		return 5;
+
+	if (!ubifs_compr_present(ui->compr_type)) {
+		ubifs_warn(c, "inode %lu uses '%s' compression, but it was not compiled in",
+			   inode->i_ino, ubifs_compr_name(ui->compr_type));
+	}
+
+	err = dbg_check_dir(c, inode);
+	return err;
+}
+
 struct inode *ubifs_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long inum)
 {
 	int err;
@@ -143,10 +239,13 @@ struct inode *ubifs_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long inum)
 	struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct ubifs_inode *ui;
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
 	int i;
+#endif
 
 	dbg_gen("inode %lu", inum);
 
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
 	/*
 	 * U-Boot special handling of locked down inodes via recovery
 	 * e.g. ubifs_recover_size()
@@ -167,6 +266,7 @@ struct inode *ubifs_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long inum)
 			return inodes_locked_down[i];
 		}
 	}
+#endif
 
 	inode = iget_locked(sb, inum);
 	if (!inode)
@@ -188,9 +288,9 @@ struct inode *ubifs_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long inum)
 		goto out_ino;
 
 	inode->i_flags |= (S_NOCMTIME | S_NOATIME);
-	inode->i_nlink = le32_to_cpu(ino->nlink);
-	inode->i_uid   = le32_to_cpu(ino->uid);
-	inode->i_gid   = le32_to_cpu(ino->gid);
+	set_nlink(inode, le32_to_cpu(ino->nlink));
+	i_uid_write(inode, le32_to_cpu(ino->uid));
+	i_gid_write(inode, le32_to_cpu(ino->gid));
 	inode->i_atime.tv_sec  = (int64_t)le64_to_cpu(ino->atime_sec);
 	inode->i_atime.tv_nsec = le32_to_cpu(ino->atime_nsec);
 	inode->i_mtime.tv_sec  = (int64_t)le64_to_cpu(ino->mtime_sec);
@@ -204,12 +304,99 @@ struct inode *ubifs_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long inum)
 	ui->flags       = le32_to_cpu(ino->flags);
 	ui->compr_type  = le16_to_cpu(ino->compr_type);
 	ui->creat_sqnum = le64_to_cpu(ino->creat_sqnum);
+	ui->xattr_cnt   = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_cnt);
+	ui->xattr_size  = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_size);
+	ui->xattr_names = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_names);
 	ui->synced_i_size = ui->ui_size = inode->i_size;
 
+	ui->xattr = (ui->flags & UBIFS_XATTR_FL) ? 1 : 0;
+
 	err = validate_inode(c, inode);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_invalid;
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	switch (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFREG:
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &ubifs_file_address_operations;
+		inode->i_op = &ubifs_file_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ubifs_file_operations;
+		if (ui->xattr) {
+			ui->data = kmalloc(ui->data_len + 1, GFP_NOFS);
+			if (!ui->data) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out_ino;
+			}
+			memcpy(ui->data, ino->data, ui->data_len);
+			((char *)ui->data)[ui->data_len] = '\0';
+		} else if (ui->data_len != 0) {
+			err = 10;
+			goto out_invalid;
+		}
+		break;
+	case S_IFDIR:
+		inode->i_op  = &ubifs_dir_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ubifs_dir_operations;
+		if (ui->data_len != 0) {
+			err = 11;
+			goto out_invalid;
+		}
+		break;
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		inode->i_op = &ubifs_symlink_inode_operations;
+		if (ui->data_len <= 0 || ui->data_len > UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA) {
+			err = 12;
+			goto out_invalid;
+		}
+		ui->data = kmalloc(ui->data_len + 1, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!ui->data) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out_ino;
+		}
+		memcpy(ui->data, ino->data, ui->data_len);
+		((char *)ui->data)[ui->data_len] = '\0';
+		inode->i_link = ui->data;
+		break;
+	case S_IFBLK:
+	case S_IFCHR:
+	{
+		dev_t rdev;
+		union ubifs_dev_desc *dev;
+
+		ui->data = kmalloc(sizeof(union ubifs_dev_desc), GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!ui->data) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out_ino;
+		}
+
+		dev = (union ubifs_dev_desc *)ino->data;
+		if (ui->data_len == sizeof(dev->new))
+			rdev = new_decode_dev(le32_to_cpu(dev->new));
+		else if (ui->data_len == sizeof(dev->huge))
+			rdev = huge_decode_dev(le64_to_cpu(dev->huge));
+		else {
+			err = 13;
+			goto out_invalid;
+		}
+		memcpy(ui->data, ino->data, ui->data_len);
+		inode->i_op = &ubifs_file_inode_operations;
+		init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, rdev);
+		break;
+	}
+	case S_IFSOCK:
+	case S_IFIFO:
+		inode->i_op = &ubifs_file_inode_operations;
+		init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, 0);
+		if (ui->data_len != 0) {
+			err = 14;
+			goto out_invalid;
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		err = 15;
+		goto out_invalid;
+	}
+#else
 	if ((inode->i_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) {
 		if (ui->data_len <= 0 || ui->data_len > UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA) {
 			err = 12;
@@ -223,23 +410,258 @@ struct inode *ubifs_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long inum)
 		memcpy(ui->data, ino->data, ui->data_len);
 		((char *)ui->data)[ui->data_len] = '\0';
 	}
+#endif
 
 	kfree(ino);
-	inode->i_state &= ~(I_SYNC | I_NEW);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	ubifs_set_inode_flags(inode);
+#endif
+	unlock_new_inode(inode);
 	return inode;
 
 out_invalid:
-	ubifs_err("inode %lu validation failed, error %d", inode->i_ino, err);
-	dbg_dump_node(c, ino);
-	dbg_dump_inode(c, inode);
+	ubifs_err(c, "inode %lu validation failed, error %d", inode->i_ino, err);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, ino);
+	ubifs_dump_inode(c, inode);
 	err = -EINVAL;
 out_ino:
 	kfree(ino);
 out:
-	ubifs_err("failed to read inode %lu, error %d", inode->i_ino, err);
+	ubifs_err(c, "failed to read inode %lu, error %d", inode->i_ino, err);
+	iget_failed(inode);
 	return ERR_PTR(err);
 }
 
+static struct inode *ubifs_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct ubifs_inode *ui;
+
+	ui = kmem_cache_alloc(ubifs_inode_slab, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!ui)
+		return NULL;
+
+	memset((void *)ui + sizeof(struct inode), 0,
+	       sizeof(struct ubifs_inode) - sizeof(struct inode));
+	mutex_init(&ui->ui_mutex);
+	spin_lock_init(&ui->ui_lock);
+	return &ui->vfs_inode;
+};
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static void ubifs_i_callback(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = container_of(head, struct inode, i_rcu);
+	struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+	kmem_cache_free(ubifs_inode_slab, ui);
+}
+
+static void ubifs_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+
+	kfree(ui->data);
+	call_rcu(&inode->i_rcu, ubifs_i_callback);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note, Linux write-back code calls this without 'i_mutex'.
+ */
+static int ubifs_write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ubifs_info *c = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+
+	ubifs_assert(!ui->xattr);
+	if (is_bad_inode(inode))
+		return 0;
+
+	mutex_lock(&ui->ui_mutex);
+	/*
+	 * Due to races between write-back forced by budgeting
+	 * (see 'sync_some_inodes()') and background write-back, the inode may
+	 * have already been synchronized, do not do this again. This might
+	 * also happen if it was synchronized in an VFS operation, e.g.
+	 * 'ubifs_link()'.
+	 */
+	if (!ui->dirty) {
+		mutex_unlock(&ui->ui_mutex);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * As an optimization, do not write orphan inodes to the media just
+	 * because this is not needed.
+	 */
+	dbg_gen("inode %lu, mode %#x, nlink %u",
+		inode->i_ino, (int)inode->i_mode, inode->i_nlink);
+	if (inode->i_nlink) {
+		err = ubifs_jnl_write_inode(c, inode);
+		if (err)
+			ubifs_err(c, "can't write inode %lu, error %d",
+				  inode->i_ino, err);
+		else
+			err = dbg_check_inode_size(c, inode, ui->ui_size);
+	}
+
+	ui->dirty = 0;
+	mutex_unlock(&ui->ui_mutex);
+	ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget(c, ui);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void ubifs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ubifs_info *c = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+
+	if (ui->xattr)
+		/*
+		 * Extended attribute inode deletions are fully handled in
+		 * 'ubifs_removexattr()'. These inodes are special and have
+		 * limited usage, so there is nothing to do here.
+		 */
+		goto out;
+
+	dbg_gen("inode %lu, mode %#x", inode->i_ino, (int)inode->i_mode);
+	ubifs_assert(!atomic_read(&inode->i_count));
+
+	truncate_inode_pages_final(&inode->i_data);
+
+	if (inode->i_nlink)
+		goto done;
+
+	if (is_bad_inode(inode))
+		goto out;
+
+	ui->ui_size = inode->i_size = 0;
+	err = ubifs_jnl_delete_inode(c, inode);
+	if (err)
+		/*
+		 * Worst case we have a lost orphan inode wasting space, so a
+		 * simple error message is OK here.
+		 */
+		ubifs_err(c, "can't delete inode %lu, error %d",
+			  inode->i_ino, err);
+
+out:
+	if (ui->dirty)
+		ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget(c, ui);
+	else {
+		/* We've deleted something - clean the "no space" flags */
+		c->bi.nospace = c->bi.nospace_rp = 0;
+		smp_wmb();
+	}
+done:
+	clear_inode(inode);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void ubifs_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+{
+	struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+
+	ubifs_assert(mutex_is_locked(&ui->ui_mutex));
+	if (!ui->dirty) {
+		ui->dirty = 1;
+		dbg_gen("inode %lu",  inode->i_ino);
+	}
+}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static int ubifs_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
+	unsigned long long free;
+	__le32 *uuid = (__le32 *)c->uuid;
+
+	free = ubifs_get_free_space(c);
+	dbg_gen("free space %lld bytes (%lld blocks)",
+		free, free >> UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT);
+
+	buf->f_type = UBIFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
+	buf->f_bsize = UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
+	buf->f_blocks = c->block_cnt;
+	buf->f_bfree = free >> UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+	if (free > c->report_rp_size)
+		buf->f_bavail = (free - c->report_rp_size) >> UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+	else
+		buf->f_bavail = 0;
+	buf->f_files = 0;
+	buf->f_ffree = 0;
+	buf->f_namelen = UBIFS_MAX_NLEN;
+	buf->f_fsid.val[0] = le32_to_cpu(uuid[0]) ^ le32_to_cpu(uuid[2]);
+	buf->f_fsid.val[1] = le32_to_cpu(uuid[1]) ^ le32_to_cpu(uuid[3]);
+	ubifs_assert(buf->f_bfree <= c->block_cnt);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ubifs_show_options(struct seq_file *s, struct dentry *root)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = root->d_sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	if (c->mount_opts.unmount_mode == 2)
+		seq_puts(s, ",fast_unmount");
+	else if (c->mount_opts.unmount_mode == 1)
+		seq_puts(s, ",norm_unmount");
+
+	if (c->mount_opts.bulk_read == 2)
+		seq_puts(s, ",bulk_read");
+	else if (c->mount_opts.bulk_read == 1)
+		seq_puts(s, ",no_bulk_read");
+
+	if (c->mount_opts.chk_data_crc == 2)
+		seq_puts(s, ",chk_data_crc");
+	else if (c->mount_opts.chk_data_crc == 1)
+		seq_puts(s, ",no_chk_data_crc");
+
+	if (c->mount_opts.override_compr) {
+		seq_printf(s, ",compr=%s",
+			   ubifs_compr_name(c->mount_opts.compr_type));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ubifs_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int wait)
+{
+	int i, err;
+	struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	/*
+	 * Zero @wait is just an advisory thing to help the file system shove
+	 * lots of data into the queues, and there will be the second
+	 * '->sync_fs()' call, with non-zero @wait.
+	 */
+	if (!wait)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Synchronize write buffers, because 'ubifs_run_commit()' does not
+	 * do this if it waits for an already running commit.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
+		err = ubifs_wbuf_sync(&c->jheads[i].wbuf);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Strictly speaking, it is not necessary to commit the journal here,
+	 * synchronizing write-buffers would be enough. But committing makes
+	 * UBIFS free space predictions much more accurate, so we want to let
+	 * the user be able to get more accurate results of 'statfs()' after
+	 * they synchronize the file system.
+	 */
+	err = ubifs_run_commit(c);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	return ubi_sync(c->vi.ubi_num);
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * init_constants_early - initialize UBIFS constants.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -252,40 +674,55 @@ out:
 static int init_constants_early(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
 	if (c->vi.corrupted) {
-		ubifs_warn("UBI volume is corrupted - read-only mode");
+		ubifs_warn(c, "UBI volume is corrupted - read-only mode");
 		c->ro_media = 1;
 	}
 
 	if (c->di.ro_mode) {
-		dbg_msg("read-only UBI device");
+		ubifs_msg(c, "read-only UBI device");
 		c->ro_media = 1;
 	}
 
 	if (c->vi.vol_type == UBI_STATIC_VOLUME) {
-		dbg_msg("static UBI volume - read-only mode");
+		ubifs_msg(c, "static UBI volume - read-only mode");
 		c->ro_media = 1;
 	}
 
 	c->leb_cnt = c->vi.size;
 	c->leb_size = c->vi.usable_leb_size;
+	c->leb_start = c->di.leb_start;
 	c->half_leb_size = c->leb_size / 2;
 	c->min_io_size = c->di.min_io_size;
 	c->min_io_shift = fls(c->min_io_size) - 1;
+	c->max_write_size = c->di.max_write_size;
+	c->max_write_shift = fls(c->max_write_size) - 1;
 
 	if (c->leb_size < UBIFS_MIN_LEB_SZ) {
-		ubifs_err("too small LEBs (%d bytes), min. is %d bytes",
+		ubifs_err(c, "too small LEBs (%d bytes), min. is %d bytes",
 			  c->leb_size, UBIFS_MIN_LEB_SZ);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	if (c->leb_cnt < UBIFS_MIN_LEB_CNT) {
-		ubifs_err("too few LEBs (%d), min. is %d",
+		ubifs_err(c, "too few LEBs (%d), min. is %d",
 			  c->leb_cnt, UBIFS_MIN_LEB_CNT);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	if (!is_power_of_2(c->min_io_size)) {
-		ubifs_err("bad min. I/O size %d", c->min_io_size);
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad min. I/O size %d", c->min_io_size);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Maximum write size has to be greater or equivalent to min. I/O
+	 * size, and be multiple of min. I/O size.
+	 */
+	if (c->max_write_size < c->min_io_size ||
+	    c->max_write_size % c->min_io_size ||
+	    !is_power_of_2(c->max_write_size)) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad write buffer size %d for %d min. I/O unit",
+			  c->max_write_size, c->min_io_size);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -297,6 +734,10 @@ static int init_constants_early(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	if (c->min_io_size < 8) {
 		c->min_io_size = 8;
 		c->min_io_shift = 3;
+		if (c->max_write_size < c->min_io_size) {
+			c->max_write_size = c->min_io_size;
+			c->max_write_shift = c->min_io_shift;
+		}
 	}
 
 	c->ref_node_alsz = ALIGN(UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size);
@@ -349,9 +790,33 @@ static int init_constants_early(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	 */
 	c->leb_overhead = c->leb_size % UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ;
 
+	/* Buffer size for bulk-reads */
+	c->max_bu_buf_len = UBIFS_MAX_BULK_READ * UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ;
+	if (c->max_bu_buf_len > c->leb_size)
+		c->max_bu_buf_len = c->leb_size;
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * bud_wbuf_callback - bud LEB write-buffer synchronization call-back.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: LEB the write-buffer was synchronized to
+ * @free: how many free bytes left in this LEB
+ * @pad: how many bytes were padded
+ *
+ * This is a callback function which is called by the I/O unit when the
+ * write-buffer is synchronized. We need this to correctly maintain space
+ * accounting in bud logical eraseblocks. This function returns zero in case of
+ * success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ *
+ * This function actually belongs to the journal, but we keep it here because
+ * we want to keep it static.
+ */
+static int bud_wbuf_callback(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int free, int pad)
+{
+	return ubifs_update_one_lp(c, lnum, free, pad, 0, 0);
+}
+
 /*
  * init_constants_sb - initialize UBIFS constants.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
@@ -382,8 +847,8 @@ static int init_constants_sb(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	tmp = UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ + UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ * c->jhead_cnt;
 	tmp = ALIGN(tmp, c->min_io_size);
 	if (tmp > c->leb_size) {
-		dbg_err("too small LEB size %d, at least %d needed",
-			c->leb_size, tmp);
+		ubifs_err(c, "too small LEB size %d, at least %d needed",
+			  c->leb_size, tmp);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -397,8 +862,8 @@ static int init_constants_sb(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	tmp /= c->leb_size;
 	tmp += 1;
 	if (c->log_lebs < tmp) {
-		dbg_err("too small log %d LEBs, required min. %d LEBs",
-			c->log_lebs, tmp);
+		ubifs_err(c, "too small log %d LEBs, required min. %d LEBs",
+			  c->log_lebs, tmp);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -407,11 +872,11 @@ static int init_constants_sb(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	 * be compressed and direntries are of the maximum size.
 	 *
 	 * Note, data, which may be stored in inodes is budgeted separately, so
-	 * it is not included into 'c->inode_budget'.
+	 * it is not included into 'c->bi.inode_budget'.
 	 */
-	c->page_budget = UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ * UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE;
-	c->inode_budget = UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
-	c->dent_budget = UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ;
+	c->bi.page_budget = UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ * UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE;
+	c->bi.inode_budget = UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
+	c->bi.dent_budget = UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ;
 
 	/*
 	 * When the amount of flash space used by buds becomes
@@ -438,6 +903,8 @@ static int init_constants_sb(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
+	/* Initialize effective LEB size used in budgeting calculations */
+	c->idx_leb_size = c->leb_size - c->max_idx_node_sz;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -453,7 +920,8 @@ static void init_constants_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
 	long long tmp64;
 
-	c->min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+	c->report_rp_size = ubifs_reported_space(c, c->rp_size);
 
 	/*
 	 * Calculate total amount of FS blocks. This number is not used
@@ -471,6 +939,88 @@ static void init_constants_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
 }
 
 /**
+ * take_gc_lnum - reserve GC LEB.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function ensures that the LEB reserved for garbage collection is marked
+ * as "taken" in lprops. We also have to set free space to LEB size and dirty
+ * space to zero, because lprops may contain out-of-date information if the
+ * file-system was un-mounted before it has been committed. This function
+ * returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
+ * failure.
+ */
+static int take_gc_lnum(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (c->gc_lnum == -1) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "no LEB for GC");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* And we have to tell lprops that this LEB is taken */
+	err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, c->gc_lnum, c->leb_size, 0,
+				  LPROPS_TAKEN, 0, 0);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * alloc_wbufs - allocate write-buffers.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This helper function allocates and initializes UBIFS write-buffers. Returns
+ * zero in case of success and %-ENOMEM in case of failure.
+ */
+static int alloc_wbufs(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int i, err;
+
+	c->jheads = kcalloc(c->jhead_cnt, sizeof(struct ubifs_jhead),
+			    GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!c->jheads)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Initialize journal heads */
+	for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->jheads[i].buds_list);
+		err = ubifs_wbuf_init(c, &c->jheads[i].wbuf);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		c->jheads[i].wbuf.sync_callback = &bud_wbuf_callback;
+		c->jheads[i].wbuf.jhead = i;
+		c->jheads[i].grouped = 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Garbage Collector head does not need to be synchronized by timer.
+	 * Also GC head nodes are not grouped.
+	 */
+	c->jheads[GCHD].wbuf.no_timer = 1;
+	c->jheads[GCHD].grouped = 0;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * free_wbufs - free write-buffers.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ */
+static void free_wbufs(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (c->jheads) {
+		for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
+			kfree(c->jheads[i].wbuf.buf);
+			kfree(c->jheads[i].wbuf.inodes);
+		}
+		kfree(c->jheads);
+		c->jheads = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
  * free_orphans - free orphans.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  */
@@ -489,7 +1039,7 @@ static void free_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c)
 		orph = list_entry(c->orph_list.next, struct ubifs_orphan, list);
 		list_del(&orph->list);
 		kfree(orph);
-		dbg_err("orphan list not empty at unmount");
+		ubifs_err(c, "orphan list not empty at unmount");
 	}
 
 	vfree(c->orph_buf);
@@ -497,6 +1047,18 @@ static void free_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c)
 }
 
 /**
+ * free_buds - free per-bud objects.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ */
+static void free_buds(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_bud *bud, *n;
+
+	rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(bud, n, &c->buds, rb)
+		kfree(bud);
+}
+
+/**
  * check_volume_empty - check if the UBI volume is empty.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
@@ -511,7 +1073,7 @@ static int check_volume_empty(struct ubifs_info *c)
 
 	c->empty = 1;
 	for (lnum = 0; lnum < c->leb_cnt; lnum++) {
-		err = ubi_is_mapped(c->ubi, lnum);
+		err = ubifs_is_mapped(c, lnum);
 		if (unlikely(err < 0))
 			return err;
 		if (err == 1) {
@@ -525,22 +1087,260 @@ static int check_volume_empty(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * UBIFS mount options.
+ *
+ * Opt_fast_unmount: do not run a journal commit before un-mounting
+ * Opt_norm_unmount: run a journal commit before un-mounting
+ * Opt_bulk_read: enable bulk-reads
+ * Opt_no_bulk_read: disable bulk-reads
+ * Opt_chk_data_crc: check CRCs when reading data nodes
+ * Opt_no_chk_data_crc: do not check CRCs when reading data nodes
+ * Opt_override_compr: override default compressor
+ * Opt_err: just end of array marker
+ */
+enum {
+	Opt_fast_unmount,
+	Opt_norm_unmount,
+	Opt_bulk_read,
+	Opt_no_bulk_read,
+	Opt_chk_data_crc,
+	Opt_no_chk_data_crc,
+	Opt_override_compr,
+	Opt_err,
+};
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static const match_table_t tokens = {
+	{Opt_fast_unmount, "fast_unmount"},
+	{Opt_norm_unmount, "norm_unmount"},
+	{Opt_bulk_read, "bulk_read"},
+	{Opt_no_bulk_read, "no_bulk_read"},
+	{Opt_chk_data_crc, "chk_data_crc"},
+	{Opt_no_chk_data_crc, "no_chk_data_crc"},
+	{Opt_override_compr, "compr=%s"},
+	{Opt_err, NULL},
+};
+
+/**
+ * parse_standard_option - parse a standard mount option.
+ * @option: the option to parse
+ *
+ * Normally, standard mount options like "sync" are passed to file-systems as
+ * flags. However, when a "rootflags=" kernel boot parameter is used, they may
+ * be present in the options string. This function tries to deal with this
+ * situation and parse standard options. Returns 0 if the option was not
+ * recognized, and the corresponding integer flag if it was.
+ *
+ * UBIFS is only interested in the "sync" option, so do not check for anything
+ * else.
+ */
+static int parse_standard_option(const char *option)
+{
+
+	pr_notice("UBIFS: parse %s\n", option);
+	if (!strcmp(option, "sync"))
+		return MS_SYNCHRONOUS;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_parse_options - parse mount parameters.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @options: parameters to parse
+ * @is_remount: non-zero if this is FS re-mount
+ *
+ * This function parses UBIFS mount options and returns zero in case success
+ * and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+static int ubifs_parse_options(struct ubifs_info *c, char *options,
+			       int is_remount)
+{
+	char *p;
+	substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
+
+	if (!options)
+		return 0;
+
+	while ((p = strsep(&options, ","))) {
+		int token;
+
+		if (!*p)
+			continue;
+
+		token = match_token(p, tokens, args);
+		switch (token) {
+		/*
+		 * %Opt_fast_unmount and %Opt_norm_unmount options are ignored.
+		 * We accept them in order to be backward-compatible. But this
+		 * should be removed at some point.
+		 */
+		case Opt_fast_unmount:
+			c->mount_opts.unmount_mode = 2;
+			break;
+		case Opt_norm_unmount:
+			c->mount_opts.unmount_mode = 1;
+			break;
+		case Opt_bulk_read:
+			c->mount_opts.bulk_read = 2;
+			c->bulk_read = 1;
+			break;
+		case Opt_no_bulk_read:
+			c->mount_opts.bulk_read = 1;
+			c->bulk_read = 0;
+			break;
+		case Opt_chk_data_crc:
+			c->mount_opts.chk_data_crc = 2;
+			c->no_chk_data_crc = 0;
+			break;
+		case Opt_no_chk_data_crc:
+			c->mount_opts.chk_data_crc = 1;
+			c->no_chk_data_crc = 1;
+			break;
+		case Opt_override_compr:
+		{
+			char *name = match_strdup(&args[0]);
+
+			if (!name)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			if (!strcmp(name, "none"))
+				c->mount_opts.compr_type = UBIFS_COMPR_NONE;
+			else if (!strcmp(name, "lzo"))
+				c->mount_opts.compr_type = UBIFS_COMPR_LZO;
+			else if (!strcmp(name, "zlib"))
+				c->mount_opts.compr_type = UBIFS_COMPR_ZLIB;
+			else {
+				ubifs_err(c, "unknown compressor \"%s\"", name); //FIXME: is c ready?
+				kfree(name);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			kfree(name);
+			c->mount_opts.override_compr = 1;
+			c->default_compr = c->mount_opts.compr_type;
+			break;
+		}
+		default:
+		{
+			unsigned long flag;
+			struct super_block *sb = c->vfs_sb;
+
+			flag = parse_standard_option(p);
+			if (!flag) {
+				ubifs_err(c, "unrecognized mount option \"%s\" or missing value",
+					  p);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			sb->s_flags |= flag;
+			break;
+		}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * destroy_journal - destroy journal data structures.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function destroys journal data structures including those that may have
+ * been created by recovery functions.
+ */
+static void destroy_journal(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	while (!list_empty(&c->unclean_leb_list)) {
+		struct ubifs_unclean_leb *ucleb;
+
+		ucleb = list_entry(c->unclean_leb_list.next,
+				   struct ubifs_unclean_leb, list);
+		list_del(&ucleb->list);
+		kfree(ucleb);
+	}
+	while (!list_empty(&c->old_buds)) {
+		struct ubifs_bud *bud;
+
+		bud = list_entry(c->old_buds.next, struct ubifs_bud, list);
+		list_del(&bud->list);
+		kfree(bud);
+	}
+	ubifs_destroy_idx_gc(c);
+	ubifs_destroy_size_tree(c);
+	ubifs_tnc_close(c);
+	free_buds(c);
+}
+
+/**
+ * bu_init - initialize bulk-read information.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ */
+static void bu_init(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	ubifs_assert(c->bulk_read == 1);
+
+	if (c->bu.buf)
+		return; /* Already initialized */
+
+again:
+	c->bu.buf = kmalloc(c->max_bu_buf_len, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
+	if (!c->bu.buf) {
+		if (c->max_bu_buf_len > UBIFS_KMALLOC_OK) {
+			c->max_bu_buf_len = UBIFS_KMALLOC_OK;
+			goto again;
+		}
+
+		/* Just disable bulk-read */
+		ubifs_warn(c, "cannot allocate %d bytes of memory for bulk-read, disabling it",
+			   c->max_bu_buf_len);
+		c->mount_opts.bulk_read = 1;
+		c->bulk_read = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * check_free_space - check if there is enough free space to mount.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function makes sure UBIFS has enough free space to be mounted in
+ * read/write mode. UBIFS must always have some free space to allow deletions.
+ */
+static int check_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	ubifs_assert(c->dark_wm > 0);
+	if (c->lst.total_free + c->lst.total_dirty < c->dark_wm) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "insufficient free space to mount in R/W mode");
+		ubifs_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
+		ubifs_dump_lprops(c);
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * mount_ubifs - mount UBIFS file-system.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
  * This function mounts UBIFS file system. Returns zero in case of success and
  * a negative error code in case of failure.
- *
- * Note, the function does not de-allocate resources it it fails half way
- * through, and the caller has to do this instead.
  */
 static int mount_ubifs(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
-	int err, mounted_read_only = ubifs_readonly(c);
-	long long x;
+	int err;
+	long long x, y;
 	size_t sz;
-	char str[128];
+
+	c->ro_mount = !!(c->vfs_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY);
+	/* Suppress error messages while probing if MS_SILENT is set */
+	c->probing = !!(c->vfs_sb->s_flags & MS_SILENT);
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+	if (!c->ro_mount) {
+		printf("UBIFS: only ro mode in Barebox allowed.\n");
+		return -EACCES;
+	}
+#endif
 
 	err = init_constants_early(c);
 	if (err)
@@ -554,19 +1354,19 @@ static int mount_ubifs(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	if (err)
 		goto out_free;
 
-	if (c->empty && (mounted_read_only || c->ro_media)) {
+	if (c->empty && (c->ro_mount || c->ro_media)) {
 		/*
 		 * This UBI volume is empty, and read-only, or the file system
 		 * is mounted read-only - we cannot format it.
 		 */
-		ubifs_err("can't format empty UBI volume: read-only %s",
+		ubifs_err(c, "can't format empty UBI volume: read-only %s",
 			  c->ro_media ? "UBI volume" : "mount");
 		err = -EROFS;
 		goto out_free;
 	}
 
-	if (c->ro_media && !mounted_read_only) {
-		ubifs_err("cannot mount read-write - read-only media");
+	if (c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot mount read-write - read-only media");
 		err = -EROFS;
 		goto out_free;
 	}
@@ -585,29 +1385,45 @@ static int mount_ubifs(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	if (!c->sbuf)
 		goto out_free;
 
-	/*
-	 * We have to check all CRCs, even for data nodes, when we mount the FS
-	 * (specifically, when we are replaying).
-	 */
-	c->always_chk_crc = 1;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	if (!c->ro_mount) {
+		c->ileb_buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
+		if (!c->ileb_buf)
+			goto out_free;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (c->bulk_read == 1)
+		bu_init(c);
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	if (!c->ro_mount) {
+		c->write_reserve_buf = kmalloc(COMPRESSED_DATA_NODE_BUF_SZ,
+					       GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!c->write_reserve_buf)
+			goto out_free;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	c->mounting = 1;
 
 	err = ubifs_read_superblock(c);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_free;
 
+	c->probing = 0;
+
 	/*
 	 * Make sure the compressor which is set as default in the superblock
 	 * or overridden by mount options is actually compiled in.
 	 */
 	if (!ubifs_compr_present(c->default_compr)) {
-		ubifs_err("'compressor \"%s\" is not compiled in",
+		ubifs_err(c, "'compressor \"%s\" is not compiled in",
 			  ubifs_compr_name(c->default_compr));
-		err = -ENOSYS;
+		err = -ENOTSUPP;
 		goto out_free;
 	}
 
-	dbg_failure_mode_registration(c);
-
 	err = init_constants_sb(c);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_free;
@@ -620,7 +1436,25 @@ static int mount_ubifs(struct ubifs_info *c)
 		goto out_free;
 	}
 
+	err = alloc_wbufs(c);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_cbuf;
+
 	sprintf(c->bgt_name, BGT_NAME_PATTERN, c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	if (!c->ro_mount) {
+		/* Create background thread */
+		c->bgt = kthread_create(ubifs_bg_thread, c, "%s", c->bgt_name);
+		if (IS_ERR(c->bgt)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(c->bgt);
+			c->bgt = NULL;
+			ubifs_err(c, "cannot spawn \"%s\", error %d",
+				  c->bgt_name, err);
+			goto out_wbufs;
+		}
+		wake_up_process(c->bgt);
+	}
+#endif
 
 	err = ubifs_read_master(c);
 	if (err)
@@ -629,15 +1463,42 @@ static int mount_ubifs(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	init_constants_master(c);
 
 	if ((c->mst_node->flags & cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY)) != 0) {
-		ubifs_msg("recovery needed");
+		ubifs_msg(c, "recovery needed");
 		c->need_recovery = 1;
 	}
 
-	err = ubifs_lpt_init(c, 1, !mounted_read_only);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	if (c->need_recovery && !c->ro_mount) {
+		err = ubifs_recover_inl_heads(c, c->sbuf);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_master;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	err = ubifs_lpt_init(c, 1, !c->ro_mount);
 	if (err)
-		goto out_lpt;
+		goto out_master;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	if (!c->ro_mount && c->space_fixup) {
+		err = ubifs_fixup_free_space(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_lpt;
+	}
 
-	err = dbg_check_idx_size(c, c->old_idx_sz);
+	if (!c->ro_mount && !c->need_recovery) {
+		/*
+		 * Set the "dirty" flag so that if we reboot uncleanly we
+		 * will notice this immediately on the next mount.
+		 */
+		c->mst_node->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY);
+		err = ubifs_write_master(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_lpt;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	err = dbg_check_idx_size(c, c->bi.old_idx_sz);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_lpt;
 
@@ -645,116 +1506,167 @@ static int mount_ubifs(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	if (err)
 		goto out_journal;
 
-	err = ubifs_mount_orphans(c, c->need_recovery, mounted_read_only);
+	/* Calculate 'min_idx_lebs' after journal replay */
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+
+	err = ubifs_mount_orphans(c, c->need_recovery, c->ro_mount);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_orphans;
 
-	if (c->need_recovery) {
+	if (!c->ro_mount) {
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+		int lnum;
+
+		err = check_free_space(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_orphans;
+
+		/* Check for enough log space */
+		lnum = c->lhead_lnum + 1;
+		if (lnum >= UBIFS_LOG_LNUM + c->log_lebs)
+			lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;
+		if (lnum == c->ltail_lnum) {
+			err = ubifs_consolidate_log(c);
+			if (err)
+				goto out_orphans;
+		}
+
+		if (c->need_recovery) {
+			err = ubifs_recover_size(c);
+			if (err)
+				goto out_orphans;
+			err = ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit(c);
+			if (err)
+				goto out_orphans;
+		} else {
+			err = take_gc_lnum(c);
+			if (err)
+				goto out_orphans;
+
+			/*
+			 * GC LEB may contain garbage if there was an unclean
+			 * reboot, and it should be un-mapped.
+			 */
+			err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, c->gc_lnum);
+			if (err)
+				goto out_orphans;
+		}
+
+		err = dbg_check_lprops(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_orphans;
+#endif
+	} else if (c->need_recovery) {
 		err = ubifs_recover_size(c);
 		if (err)
 			goto out_orphans;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Even if we mount read-only, we have to set space in GC LEB
+		 * to proper value because this affects UBIFS free space
+		 * reporting. We do not want to have a situation when
+		 * re-mounting from R/O to R/W changes amount of free space.
+		 */
+		err = take_gc_lnum(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_orphans;
 	}
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
 	spin_lock(&ubifs_infos_lock);
 	list_add_tail(&c->infos_list, &ubifs_infos);
 	spin_unlock(&ubifs_infos_lock);
+#endif
 
 	if (c->need_recovery) {
-		if (mounted_read_only)
-			ubifs_msg("recovery deferred");
+		if (c->ro_mount)
+			ubifs_msg(c, "recovery deferred");
 		else {
 			c->need_recovery = 0;
-			ubifs_msg("recovery completed");
+			ubifs_msg(c, "recovery completed");
+			/*
+			 * GC LEB has to be empty and taken at this point. But
+			 * the journal head LEBs may also be accounted as
+			 * "empty taken" if they are empty.
+			 */
+			ubifs_assert(c->lst.taken_empty_lebs > 0);
 		}
-	}
+	} else
+		ubifs_assert(c->lst.taken_empty_lebs > 0);
 
 	err = dbg_check_filesystem(c);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_infos;
 
-	c->always_chk_crc = 0;
+	err = dbg_debugfs_init_fs(c);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_infos;
 
-	ubifs_msg("mounted UBI device %d, volume %d, name \"%s\"",
-		  c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id, c->vi.name);
-	if (mounted_read_only)
-		dbg_msg("mounted read-only");
+	c->mounting = 0;
+
+	ubifs_msg(c, "UBIFS: mounted UBI device %d, volume %d, name \"%s\"%s",
+		  c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id, c->vi.name,
+		  c->ro_mount ? ", R/O mode" : "");
 	x = (long long)c->main_lebs * c->leb_size;
-	c->fs_size_mb = x >> 20;
-	dbg_msg("file system size:   %lld bytes (%lld KiB, %lld MiB, %d "
-		  "LEBs)", x, x >> 10, x >> 20, c->main_lebs);
-	x = (long long)c->log_lebs * c->leb_size + c->max_bud_bytes;
-	dbg_msg("journal size:       %lld bytes (%lld KiB, %lld MiB, %d "
-		  "LEBs)", x, x >> 10, x >> 20, c->log_lebs + c->max_bud_cnt);
-	dbg_msg("media format:       w%d/r%d (latest is w%d/r%d)",
+	y = (long long)c->log_lebs * c->leb_size + c->max_bud_bytes;
+	ubifs_msg(c, "LEB size: %d bytes (%d KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: %d bytes/%d bytes",
+		  c->leb_size, c->leb_size >> 10, c->min_io_size,
+		  c->max_write_size);
+	ubifs_msg(c, "FS size: %lld bytes (%lld MiB, %d LEBs), journal size %lld bytes (%lld MiB, %d LEBs)",
+		  x, x >> 20, c->main_lebs,
+		  y, y >> 20, c->log_lebs + c->max_bud_cnt);
+	ubifs_msg(c, "reserved for root: %llu bytes (%llu KiB)",
+		  c->report_rp_size, c->report_rp_size >> 10);
+	ubifs_msg(c, "media format: w%d/r%d (latest is w%d/r%d), UUID %pUB%s",
 		  c->fmt_version, c->ro_compat_version,
-		  UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION, UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION);
-	dbg_msg("default compressor: %s", ubifs_compr_name(c->default_compr));
-	dbg_msg("reserved for root:  %llu bytes (%llu KiB)",
-		c->report_rp_size, c->report_rp_size >> 10);
-
-	dbg_msg("compiled on:         " __DATE__ " at " __TIME__);
-	dbg_msg("min. I/O unit size:  %d bytes", c->min_io_size);
-	dbg_msg("LEB size:            %d bytes (%d KiB)",
-		c->leb_size, c->leb_size >> 10);
-	dbg_msg("data journal heads:  %d",
-		c->jhead_cnt - NONDATA_JHEADS_CNT);
+		  UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION, UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION, c->uuid,
+		  c->big_lpt ? ", big LPT model" : ", small LPT model");
 
-	dev_add_param_int_ro(c->dev, "filesystem_size_mb", c->fs_size_mb, "%d");
-	dev_add_param_fixed(c->dev, "default_compressor", ubifs_compr_name(c->default_compr));
-	sprintf(str, "w%d/r%d", c->fmt_version, c->ro_compat_version);
-	dev_add_param_fixed(c->dev, "media_format", str);
-	sprintf(str, "w%d/r%d", UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION, UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION);
-	dev_add_param_fixed(c->dev, "media_format_latest", str);
-
-	dbg_msg("UUID:                %02X%02X%02X%02X-%02X%02X"
-	       "-%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",
-	       c->uuid[0], c->uuid[1], c->uuid[2], c->uuid[3],
-	       c->uuid[4], c->uuid[5], c->uuid[6], c->uuid[7],
-	       c->uuid[8], c->uuid[9], c->uuid[10], c->uuid[11],
-	       c->uuid[12], c->uuid[13], c->uuid[14], c->uuid[15]);
-	dbg_msg("big_lpt              %d", c->big_lpt);
-	dbg_msg("log LEBs:            %d (%d - %d)",
+	dbg_gen("default compressor:  %s", ubifs_compr_name(c->default_compr));
+	dbg_gen("data journal heads:  %d",
+		c->jhead_cnt - NONDATA_JHEADS_CNT);
+	dbg_gen("log LEBs:            %d (%d - %d)",
 		c->log_lebs, UBIFS_LOG_LNUM, c->log_last);
-	dbg_msg("LPT area LEBs:       %d (%d - %d)",
+	dbg_gen("LPT area LEBs:       %d (%d - %d)",
 		c->lpt_lebs, c->lpt_first, c->lpt_last);
-	dbg_msg("orphan area LEBs:    %d (%d - %d)",
+	dbg_gen("orphan area LEBs:    %d (%d - %d)",
 		c->orph_lebs, c->orph_first, c->orph_last);
-	dbg_msg("main area LEBs:      %d (%d - %d)",
+	dbg_gen("main area LEBs:      %d (%d - %d)",
 		c->main_lebs, c->main_first, c->leb_cnt - 1);
-	dbg_msg("index LEBs:          %d", c->lst.idx_lebs);
-	dbg_msg("total index bytes:   %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
-		c->old_idx_sz, c->old_idx_sz >> 10, c->old_idx_sz >> 20);
-	dbg_msg("key hash type:       %d", c->key_hash_type);
-	dbg_msg("tree fanout:         %d", c->fanout);
-	dbg_msg("reserved GC LEB:     %d", c->gc_lnum);
-	dbg_msg("first main LEB:      %d", c->main_first);
-	dbg_msg("max. znode size      %d", c->max_znode_sz);
-	dbg_msg("max. index node size %d", c->max_idx_node_sz);
-	dbg_msg("node sizes:          data %zu, inode %zu, dentry %zu",
+	dbg_gen("index LEBs:          %d", c->lst.idx_lebs);
+	dbg_gen("total index bytes:   %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
+		c->bi.old_idx_sz, c->bi.old_idx_sz >> 10,
+		c->bi.old_idx_sz >> 20);
+	dbg_gen("key hash type:       %d", c->key_hash_type);
+	dbg_gen("tree fanout:         %d", c->fanout);
+	dbg_gen("reserved GC LEB:     %d", c->gc_lnum);
+	dbg_gen("max. znode size      %d", c->max_znode_sz);
+	dbg_gen("max. index node size %d", c->max_idx_node_sz);
+	dbg_gen("node sizes:          data %zu, inode %zu, dentry %zu",
 		UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ);
-	dbg_msg("node sizes:          trun %zu, sb %zu, master %zu",
+	dbg_gen("node sizes:          trun %zu, sb %zu, master %zu",
 		UBIFS_TRUN_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ);
-	dbg_msg("node sizes:          ref %zu, cmt. start %zu, orph %zu",
+	dbg_gen("node sizes:          ref %zu, cmt. start %zu, orph %zu",
 		UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ);
-	dbg_msg("max. node sizes:     data %zu, inode %zu dentry %zu",
-	        UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ,
-		UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ);
-	dbg_msg("dead watermark:      %d", c->dead_wm);
-	dbg_msg("dark watermark:      %d", c->dark_wm);
-	dbg_msg("LEB overhead:        %d", c->leb_overhead);
+	dbg_gen("max. node sizes:     data %zu, inode %zu dentry %zu, idx %d",
+		UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ,
+		UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ, ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, c->fanout));
+	dbg_gen("dead watermark:      %d", c->dead_wm);
+	dbg_gen("dark watermark:      %d", c->dark_wm);
+	dbg_gen("LEB overhead:        %d", c->leb_overhead);
 	x = (long long)c->main_lebs * c->dark_wm;
-	dbg_msg("max. dark space:     %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
+	dbg_gen("max. dark space:     %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
 		x, x >> 10, x >> 20);
-	dbg_msg("maximum bud bytes:   %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
+	dbg_gen("maximum bud bytes:   %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
 		c->max_bud_bytes, c->max_bud_bytes >> 10,
 		c->max_bud_bytes >> 20);
-	dbg_msg("BG commit bud bytes: %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
+	dbg_gen("BG commit bud bytes: %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
 		c->bg_bud_bytes, c->bg_bud_bytes >> 10,
 		c->bg_bud_bytes >> 20);
-	dbg_msg("current bud bytes    %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
+	dbg_gen("current bud bytes    %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
 		c->bud_bytes, c->bud_bytes >> 10, c->bud_bytes >> 20);
-	dbg_msg("max. seq. number:    %llu", c->max_sqnum);
-	dbg_msg("commit number:       %llu", c->cmt_no);
+	dbg_gen("max. seq. number:    %llu", c->max_sqnum);
+	dbg_gen("commit number:       %llu", c->cmt_no);
 
 	return 0;
 
@@ -765,6 +1677,7 @@ out_infos:
 out_orphans:
 	free_orphans(c);
 out_journal:
+	destroy_journal(c);
 out_lpt:
 	ubifs_lpt_free(c, 0);
 out_master:
@@ -772,8 +1685,15 @@ out_master:
 	kfree(c->rcvrd_mst_node);
 	if (c->bgt)
 		kthread_stop(c->bgt);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+out_wbufs:
+#endif
+	free_wbufs(c);
+out_cbuf:
 	kfree(c->cbuf);
 out_free:
+	kfree(c->write_reserve_buf);
+	kfree(c->bu.buf);
 	vfree(c->ileb_buf);
 	vfree(c->sbuf);
 	kfree(c->bottom_up_buf);
@@ -790,103 +1710,583 @@ out_free:
  * through mounting (error path cleanup function). So it has to make sure the
  * resource was actually allocated before freeing it.
  */
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static void ubifs_umount(struct ubifs_info *c)
+#else
 void ubifs_umount(struct ubifs_info *c)
+#endif
 {
 	dbg_gen("un-mounting UBI device %d, volume %d", c->vi.ubi_num,
 		c->vi.vol_id);
 
+	dbg_debugfs_exit_fs(c);
 	spin_lock(&ubifs_infos_lock);
 	list_del(&c->infos_list);
 	spin_unlock(&ubifs_infos_lock);
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
 	if (c->bgt)
 		kthread_stop(c->bgt);
 
+	destroy_journal(c);
+#endif
+	free_wbufs(c);
 	free_orphans(c);
 	ubifs_lpt_free(c, 0);
 
 	kfree(c->cbuf);
 	kfree(c->rcvrd_mst_node);
 	kfree(c->mst_node);
+	kfree(c->write_reserve_buf);
+	kfree(c->bu.buf);
 	vfree(c->ileb_buf);
 	vfree(c->sbuf);
 	kfree(c->bottom_up_buf);
 	ubifs_debugging_exit(c);
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+	/* Finally free U-Boot's global copy of superblock */
+	if (ubifs_sb != NULL) {
+		free(ubifs_sb->s_fs_info);
+		free(ubifs_sb);
+	}
+#endif
 }
 
-struct super_block *ubifs_get_super(struct device_d *dev, struct ubi_volume_desc *ubi, int silent)
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/**
+ * ubifs_remount_rw - re-mount in read-write mode.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * UBIFS avoids allocating many unnecessary resources when mounted in read-only
+ * mode. This function allocates the needed resources and re-mounts UBIFS in
+ * read-write mode.
+ */
+static int ubifs_remount_rw(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err, lnum;
+
+	if (c->rw_incompat) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "the file-system is not R/W-compatible");
+		ubifs_msg(c, "on-flash format version is w%d/r%d, but software only supports up to version w%d/r%d",
+			  c->fmt_version, c->ro_compat_version,
+			  UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION, UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION);
+		return -EROFS;
+	}
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->umount_mutex);
+	dbg_save_space_info(c);
+	c->remounting_rw = 1;
+	c->ro_mount = 0;
+
+	if (c->space_fixup) {
+		err = ubifs_fixup_free_space(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = check_free_space(c);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (c->old_leb_cnt != c->leb_cnt) {
+		struct ubifs_sb_node *sup;
+
+		sup = ubifs_read_sb_node(c);
+		if (IS_ERR(sup)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(sup);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		sup->leb_cnt = cpu_to_le32(c->leb_cnt);
+		err = ubifs_write_sb_node(c, sup);
+		kfree(sup);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (c->need_recovery) {
+		ubifs_msg(c, "completing deferred recovery");
+		err = ubifs_write_rcvrd_mst_node(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		err = ubifs_recover_size(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		err = ubifs_clean_lebs(c, c->sbuf);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		err = ubifs_recover_inl_heads(c, c->sbuf);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	} else {
+		/* A readonly mount is not allowed to have orphans */
+		ubifs_assert(c->tot_orphans == 0);
+		err = ubifs_clear_orphans(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!(c->mst_node->flags & cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY))) {
+		c->mst_node->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY);
+		err = ubifs_write_master(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	c->ileb_buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
+	if (!c->ileb_buf) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	c->write_reserve_buf = kmalloc(COMPRESSED_DATA_NODE_BUF_SZ, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!c->write_reserve_buf) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = ubifs_lpt_init(c, 0, 1);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Create background thread */
+	c->bgt = kthread_create(ubifs_bg_thread, c, "%s", c->bgt_name);
+	if (IS_ERR(c->bgt)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(c->bgt);
+		c->bgt = NULL;
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot spawn \"%s\", error %d",
+			  c->bgt_name, err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	wake_up_process(c->bgt);
+
+	c->orph_buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
+	if (!c->orph_buf) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Check for enough log space */
+	lnum = c->lhead_lnum + 1;
+	if (lnum >= UBIFS_LOG_LNUM + c->log_lebs)
+		lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;
+	if (lnum == c->ltail_lnum) {
+		err = ubifs_consolidate_log(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (c->need_recovery)
+		err = ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit(c);
+	else
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, c->gc_lnum);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	dbg_gen("re-mounted read-write");
+	c->remounting_rw = 0;
+
+	if (c->need_recovery) {
+		c->need_recovery = 0;
+		ubifs_msg(c, "deferred recovery completed");
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Do not run the debugging space check if the were doing
+		 * recovery, because when we saved the information we had the
+		 * file-system in a state where the TNC and lprops has been
+		 * modified in memory, but all the I/O operations (including a
+		 * commit) were deferred. So the file-system was in
+		 * "non-committed" state. Now the file-system is in committed
+		 * state, and of course the amount of free space will change
+		 * because, for example, the old index size was imprecise.
+		 */
+		err = dbg_check_space_info(c);
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
+	return err;
+
+out:
+	c->ro_mount = 1;
+	vfree(c->orph_buf);
+	c->orph_buf = NULL;
+	if (c->bgt) {
+		kthread_stop(c->bgt);
+		c->bgt = NULL;
+	}
+	free_wbufs(c);
+	kfree(c->write_reserve_buf);
+	c->write_reserve_buf = NULL;
+	vfree(c->ileb_buf);
+	c->ileb_buf = NULL;
+	ubifs_lpt_free(c, 1);
+	c->remounting_rw = 0;
+	mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_remount_ro - re-mount in read-only mode.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * We assume VFS has stopped writing. Possibly the background thread could be
+ * running a commit, however kthread_stop will wait in that case.
+ */
+static void ubifs_remount_ro(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int i, err;
+
+	ubifs_assert(!c->need_recovery);
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_mount);
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->umount_mutex);
+	if (c->bgt) {
+		kthread_stop(c->bgt);
+		c->bgt = NULL;
+	}
+
+	dbg_save_space_info(c);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++)
+		ubifs_wbuf_sync(&c->jheads[i].wbuf);
+
+	c->mst_node->flags &= ~cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY);
+	c->mst_node->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_NO_ORPHS);
+	c->mst_node->gc_lnum = cpu_to_le32(c->gc_lnum);
+	err = ubifs_write_master(c);
+	if (err)
+		ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
+
+	vfree(c->orph_buf);
+	c->orph_buf = NULL;
+	kfree(c->write_reserve_buf);
+	c->write_reserve_buf = NULL;
+	vfree(c->ileb_buf);
+	c->ileb_buf = NULL;
+	ubifs_lpt_free(c, 1);
+	c->ro_mount = 1;
+	err = dbg_check_space_info(c);
+	if (err)
+		ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
+	mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
+}
+
+static void ubifs_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	ubifs_msg(c, "un-mount UBI device %d", c->vi.ubi_num);
+
+	/*
+	 * The following asserts are only valid if there has not been a failure
+	 * of the media. For example, there will be dirty inodes if we failed
+	 * to write them back because of I/O errors.
+	 */
+	if (!c->ro_error) {
+		ubifs_assert(c->bi.idx_growth == 0);
+		ubifs_assert(c->bi.dd_growth == 0);
+		ubifs_assert(c->bi.data_growth == 0);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The 'c->umount_lock' prevents races between UBIFS memory shrinker
+	 * and file system un-mount. Namely, it prevents the shrinker from
+	 * picking this superblock for shrinking - it will be just skipped if
+	 * the mutex is locked.
+	 */
+	mutex_lock(&c->umount_mutex);
+	if (!c->ro_mount) {
+		/*
+		 * First of all kill the background thread to make sure it does
+		 * not interfere with un-mounting and freeing resources.
+		 */
+		if (c->bgt) {
+			kthread_stop(c->bgt);
+			c->bgt = NULL;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * On fatal errors c->ro_error is set to 1, in which case we do
+		 * not write the master node.
+		 */
+		if (!c->ro_error) {
+			int err;
+
+			/* Synchronize write-buffers */
+			for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++)
+				ubifs_wbuf_sync(&c->jheads[i].wbuf);
+
+			/*
+			 * We are being cleanly unmounted which means the
+			 * orphans were killed - indicate this in the master
+			 * node. Also save the reserved GC LEB number.
+			 */
+			c->mst_node->flags &= ~cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY);
+			c->mst_node->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_NO_ORPHS);
+			c->mst_node->gc_lnum = cpu_to_le32(c->gc_lnum);
+			err = ubifs_write_master(c);
+			if (err)
+				/*
+				 * Recovery will attempt to fix the master area
+				 * next mount, so we just print a message and
+				 * continue to unmount normally.
+				 */
+				ubifs_err(c, "failed to write master node, error %d",
+					  err);
+		} else {
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+			for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++)
+				/* Make sure write-buffer timers are canceled */
+				hrtimer_cancel(&c->jheads[i].wbuf.timer);
+#endif
+		}
+	}
+
+	ubifs_umount(c);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	bdi_destroy(&c->bdi);
+#endif
+	ubi_close_volume(c->ubi);
+	mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static int ubifs_remount_fs(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data)
 {
-	struct super_block *sb;
-	struct ubifs_info *c;
-	struct inode *root;
 	int err;
+	struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;
 
-	sb = xzalloc(sizeof(*sb));
-	c = xzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_info));
+	sync_filesystem(sb);
+	dbg_gen("old flags %#lx, new flags %#x", sb->s_flags, *flags);
 
-	c->dev = dev;
+	err = ubifs_parse_options(c, data, 1);
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "invalid or unknown remount parameter");
+		return err;
+	}
 
-	spin_lock_init(&c->cnt_lock);
-	spin_lock_init(&c->cs_lock);
-	spin_lock_init(&c->buds_lock);
-	spin_lock_init(&c->space_lock);
-	spin_lock_init(&c->orphan_lock);
-	init_rwsem(&c->commit_sem);
-	mutex_init(&c->lp_mutex);
-	mutex_init(&c->tnc_mutex);
-	mutex_init(&c->log_mutex);
-	mutex_init(&c->mst_mutex);
-	mutex_init(&c->umount_mutex);
-	init_waitqueue_head(&c->cmt_wq);
-	c->buds = RB_ROOT;
-	c->old_idx = RB_ROOT;
-	c->size_tree = RB_ROOT;
-	c->orph_tree = RB_ROOT;
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->infos_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->idx_gc);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->replay_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->replay_buds);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->uncat_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->empty_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->freeable_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->frdi_idx_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->unclean_leb_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->old_buds);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->orph_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->orph_new);
-
-	c->highest_inum = UBIFS_FIRST_INO;
-	c->lhead_lnum = c->ltail_lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;
-
-	ubi_get_volume_info(ubi, &c->vi);
-	ubi_get_device_info(c->vi.ubi_num, &c->di);
+	if (c->ro_mount && !(*flags & MS_RDONLY)) {
+		if (c->ro_error) {
+			ubifs_msg(c, "cannot re-mount R/W due to prior errors");
+			return -EROFS;
+		}
+		if (c->ro_media) {
+			ubifs_msg(c, "cannot re-mount R/W - UBI volume is R/O");
+			return -EROFS;
+		}
+		err = ubifs_remount_rw(c);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	} else if (!c->ro_mount && (*flags & MS_RDONLY)) {
+		if (c->ro_error) {
+			ubifs_msg(c, "cannot re-mount R/O due to prior errors");
+			return -EROFS;
+		}
+		ubifs_remount_ro(c);
+	}
 
-	/* Re-open the UBI device in read-write mode */
-	c->ubi = ubi;
+	if (c->bulk_read == 1)
+		bu_init(c);
+	else {
+		dbg_gen("disable bulk-read");
+		kfree(c->bu.buf);
+		c->bu.buf = NULL;
+	}
+
+	ubifs_assert(c->lst.taken_empty_lebs > 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+const struct super_operations ubifs_super_operations = {
+	.alloc_inode   = ubifs_alloc_inode,
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	.destroy_inode = ubifs_destroy_inode,
+	.put_super     = ubifs_put_super,
+	.write_inode   = ubifs_write_inode,
+	.evict_inode   = ubifs_evict_inode,
+	.statfs        = ubifs_statfs,
+#endif
+	.dirty_inode   = ubifs_dirty_inode,
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	.remount_fs    = ubifs_remount_fs,
+	.show_options  = ubifs_show_options,
+	.sync_fs       = ubifs_sync_fs,
+#endif
+};
+
+/**
+ * open_ubi - parse UBI device name string and open the UBI device.
+ * @name: UBI volume name
+ * @mode: UBI volume open mode
+ *
+ * The primary method of mounting UBIFS is by specifying the UBI volume
+ * character device node path. However, UBIFS may also be mounted withoug any
+ * character device node using one of the following methods:
+ *
+ * o ubiX_Y    - mount UBI device number X, volume Y;
+ * o ubiY      - mount UBI device number 0, volume Y;
+ * o ubiX:NAME - mount UBI device X, volume with name NAME;
+ * o ubi:NAME  - mount UBI device 0, volume with name NAME.
+ *
+ * Alternative '!' separator may be used instead of ':' (because some shells
+ * like busybox may interpret ':' as an NFS host name separator). This function
+ * returns UBI volume description object in case of success and a negative
+ * error code in case of failure.
+ */
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static struct ubi_volume_desc *open_ubi(const char *name, int mode)
+{
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	struct ubi_volume_desc *ubi;
+#endif
+	int dev, vol;
+	char *endptr;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	/* First, try to open using the device node path method */
+	ubi = ubi_open_volume_path(name, mode);
+	if (!IS_ERR(ubi))
+		return ubi;
+#endif
+
+	/* Try the "nodev" method */
+	if (name[0] != 'u' || name[1] != 'b' || name[2] != 'i')
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+	/* ubi:NAME method */
+	if ((name[3] == ':' || name[3] == '!') && name[4] != '\0')
+		return ubi_open_volume_nm(0, name + 4, mode);
+
+	if (!isdigit(name[3]))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+	dev = simple_strtoul(name + 3, &endptr, 0);
+
+	/* ubiY method */
+	if (*endptr == '\0')
+		return ubi_open_volume(0, dev, mode);
+
+	/* ubiX_Y method */
+	if (*endptr == '_' && isdigit(endptr[1])) {
+		vol = simple_strtoul(endptr + 1, &endptr, 0);
+		if (*endptr != '\0')
+			return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+		return ubi_open_volume(dev, vol, mode);
+	}
+
+	/* ubiX:NAME method */
+	if ((*endptr == ':' || *endptr == '!') && endptr[1] != '\0')
+		return ubi_open_volume_nm(dev, ++endptr, mode);
+
+	return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+}
+#endif
+
+static struct ubifs_info *alloc_ubifs_info(struct ubi_volume_desc *ubi)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c;
+
+	c = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (c) {
+		spin_lock_init(&c->cnt_lock);
+		spin_lock_init(&c->cs_lock);
+		spin_lock_init(&c->buds_lock);
+		spin_lock_init(&c->space_lock);
+		spin_lock_init(&c->orphan_lock);
+		init_rwsem(&c->commit_sem);
+		mutex_init(&c->lp_mutex);
+		mutex_init(&c->tnc_mutex);
+		mutex_init(&c->log_mutex);
+		mutex_init(&c->umount_mutex);
+		mutex_init(&c->bu_mutex);
+		mutex_init(&c->write_reserve_mutex);
+		init_waitqueue_head(&c->cmt_wq);
+		c->buds = RB_ROOT;
+		c->old_idx = RB_ROOT;
+		c->size_tree = RB_ROOT;
+		c->orph_tree = RB_ROOT;
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->infos_list);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->idx_gc);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->replay_list);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->replay_buds);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->uncat_list);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->empty_list);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->freeable_list);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->frdi_idx_list);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->unclean_leb_list);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->old_buds);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->orph_list);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->orph_new);
+		c->no_chk_data_crc = 1;
+
+		c->highest_inum = UBIFS_FIRST_INO;
+		c->lhead_lnum = c->ltail_lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;
+
+		ubi_get_volume_info(ubi, &c->vi);
+		ubi_get_device_info(c->vi.ubi_num, &c->di);
+	}
+	return c;
+}
+
+static int ubifs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct inode *root;
+	int err;
 
 	c->vfs_sb = sb;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__ /* ubi_open_volume_cdev is already called in ubifs_probe */
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	/* Re-open the UBI device in read-write mode */
+	c->ubi = ubi_open_volume(c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id, UBI_READWRITE);
+#else
+	/* U-Boot read only mode */
+	c->ubi = ubi_open_volume(c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id, UBI_READONLY);
+#endif
+
+	if (IS_ERR(c->ubi)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(c->ubi);
+		goto out;
+	}
+#endif
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	/*
+	 * UBIFS provides 'backing_dev_info' in order to disable read-ahead. For
+	 * UBIFS, I/O is not deferred, it is done immediately in readpage,
+	 * which means the user would have to wait not just for their own I/O
+	 * but the read-ahead I/O as well i.e. completely pointless.
+	 *
+	 * Read-ahead will be disabled because @c->bdi.ra_pages is 0.
+	 */
+	c->bdi.name = "ubifs",
+	c->bdi.capabilities = 0;
+	err  = bdi_init(&c->bdi);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_close;
+	err = bdi_register(&c->bdi, NULL, "ubifs_%d_%d",
+			   c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_bdi;
 
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sb->s_instances);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sb->s_inodes);
-	sb->s_time_gran = 1000000000;
+	err = ubifs_parse_options(c, data, 0);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_bdi;
+
+	sb->s_bdi = &c->bdi;
+#endif
 	sb->s_fs_info = c;
-	sb->s_flags = MS_RDONLY;
 	sb->s_magic = UBIFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
 	sb->s_blocksize = UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
 	sb->s_blocksize_bits = UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
-	sb->s_dev = c->vi.cdev;
 	sb->s_maxbytes = c->max_inode_sz = key_max_inode_size(c);
 	if (c->max_inode_sz > MAX_LFS_FILESIZE)
 		sb->s_maxbytes = c->max_inode_sz = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
-
-	if (c->rw_incompat) {
-		ubifs_err("the file-system is not R/W-compatible");
-		ubifs_msg("on-flash format version is w%d/r%d, but software "
-			  "only supports up to version w%d/r%d", c->fmt_version,
-			  c->ro_compat_version, UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION,
-			  UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION);
-		return ERR_PTR(-EROFS);
-	}
+	sb->s_op = &ubifs_super_operations;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	sb->s_xattr = ubifs_xattr_handlers;
+#endif
 
 	mutex_lock(&c->umount_mutex);
 	err = mount_ubifs(c);
@@ -902,17 +2302,422 @@ struct super_block *ubifs_get_super(struct device_d *dev, struct ubi_volume_desc
 		goto out_umount;
 	}
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	sb->s_root = d_make_root(root);
+	if (!sb->s_root) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_umount;
+	}
+#else
 	sb->s_root = NULL;
+#endif
 
 	mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
-
-	return sb;
+	return 0;
 
 out_umount:
 	ubifs_umount(c);
 out_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+out_bdi:
+	bdi_destroy(&c->bdi);
+out_close:
+#endif
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__ /* This will be called in ubifs_probe error path */
+	ubi_close_volume(c->ubi);
+out:
+#endif
+	return err;
+}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static int sb_test(struct super_block *sb, void *data)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c1 = data;
+	struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	return c->vi.cdev == c1->vi.cdev;
+}
+
+static int sb_set(struct super_block *sb, void *data)
+{
+	sb->s_fs_info = data;
+	return set_anon_super(sb, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+static struct super_block *alloc_super(struct file_system_type *type, int flags)
+{
+	struct super_block *s;
+	int err;
+
+	s = kzalloc(sizeof(struct super_block),  GFP_USER);
+	if (!s) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+
+	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&s->s_instances);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&s->s_inodes);
+	s->s_time_gran = 1000000000;
+	s->s_flags = flags;
+
+	return s;
+}
+
+/**
+ *	sget	-	find or create a superblock
+ *	@type:	filesystem type superblock should belong to
+ *	@test:	comparison callback
+ *	@set:	setup callback
+ *	@flags:	mount flags
+ *	@data:	argument to each of them
+ */
+struct super_block *sget(struct file_system_type *type,
+			int (*test)(struct super_block *,void *),
+			int (*set)(struct super_block *,void *),
+			int flags,
+			void *data)
+{
+	struct super_block *s = NULL;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	struct super_block *old;
+#endif
+	int err;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+retry:
+	spin_lock(&sb_lock);
+	if (test) {
+		hlist_for_each_entry(old, &type->fs_supers, s_instances) {
+			if (!test(old, data))
+				continue;
+			if (!grab_super(old))
+				goto retry;
+			if (s) {
+				up_write(&s->s_umount);
+				destroy_super(s);
+				s = NULL;
+			}
+			return old;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+	if (!s) {
+		spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
+		s = alloc_super(type, flags);
+		if (!s)
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+		goto retry;
+#endif
+	}
+		
+	err = set(s, data);
+	if (err) {
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+		spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
+		up_write(&s->s_umount);
+		destroy_super(s);
+#endif
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	s->s_type = type;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	strlcpy(s->s_id, type->name, sizeof(s->s_id));
+#else
+	strncpy(s->s_id, type->name, sizeof(s->s_id));
+#endif
+	list_add_tail(&s->s_list, &super_blocks);
+	hlist_add_head(&s->s_instances, &type->fs_supers);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
+	get_filesystem(type);
+	register_shrinker(&s->s_shrink);
+#endif
+	return s;
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(sget);
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static struct dentry *ubifs_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type, int flags,
+			const char *name, void *data)
+{
+	struct ubi_volume_desc *ubi;
+	struct ubifs_info *c;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	int err;
 
+	dbg_gen("name %s, flags %#x", name, flags);
+
+	/*
+	 * Get UBI device number and volume ID. Mount it read-only so far
+	 * because this might be a new mount point, and UBI allows only one
+	 * read-write user at a time.
+	 */
+	ubi = open_ubi(name, UBI_READONLY);
+	if (IS_ERR(ubi)) {
+		pr_err("UBIFS error (pid: %d): cannot open \"%s\", error %d",
+		       0, name, (int)PTR_ERR(ubi));
+		return ERR_CAST(ubi);
+	}
+
+	c = alloc_ubifs_info(ubi);
+	if (!c) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_close;
+	}
+
+	dbg_gen("opened ubi%d_%d", c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id);
+
+	sb = sget(fs_type, sb_test, sb_set, flags, c);
+	if (IS_ERR(sb)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(sb);
+		kfree(c);
+		goto out_close;
+	}
+
+	if (sb->s_root) {
+		struct ubifs_info *c1 = sb->s_fs_info;
+		kfree(c);
+		/* A new mount point for already mounted UBIFS */
+		dbg_gen("this ubi volume is already mounted");
+		if (!!(flags & MS_RDONLY) != c1->ro_mount) {
+			err = -EBUSY;
+			goto out_deact;
+		}
+	} else {
+		err = ubifs_fill_super(sb, data, flags & MS_SILENT ? 1 : 0);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_deact;
+		/* We do not support atime */
+		sb->s_flags |= MS_ACTIVE | MS_NOATIME;
+	}
+
+	/* 'fill_super()' opens ubi again so we must close it here */
+	ubi_close_volume(ubi);
+
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+	ubifs_sb = sb;
+	return 0;
+#else
+	return dget(sb->s_root);
+#endif
+
+out_deact:
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	deactivate_locked_super(sb);
+#endif
+out_close:
+	ubi_close_volume(ubi);
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+
+static void kill_ubifs_super(struct super_block *s)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = s->s_fs_info;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	kill_anon_super(s);
+#endif
+	kfree(c);
+}
+
+static struct file_system_type ubifs_fs_type = {
+	.name    = "ubifs",
+	.owner   = THIS_MODULE,
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	.mount   = ubifs_mount,
+#endif
+	.kill_sb = kill_ubifs_super,
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+MODULE_ALIAS_FS("ubifs");
+
+/*
+ * Inode slab cache constructor.
+ */
+static void inode_slab_ctor(void *obj)
+{
+	struct ubifs_inode *ui = obj;
+	inode_init_once(&ui->vfs_inode);
+}
+
+static int __init ubifs_init(void)
+#else
+int ubifs_init(void)
+#endif
+{
+	int err;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct ubifs_ch) != 24);
+
+	/* Make sure node sizes are 8-byte aligned */
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_CH_SZ        & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ  & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_XENT_NODE_SZ & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_TRUN_NODE_SZ & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ   & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ  & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ  & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ   & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ & 7);
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_XENT_NODE_SZ & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ  & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ      & 7);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(MIN_WRITE_SZ           & 7);
+
+	/* Check min. node size */
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ  < MIN_WRITE_SZ);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ < MIN_WRITE_SZ);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_XENT_NODE_SZ < MIN_WRITE_SZ);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_TRUN_NODE_SZ < MIN_WRITE_SZ);
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ > UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_XENT_NODE_SZ > UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ > UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ  > UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ);
+
+	/* Defined node sizes */
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ  != 4096);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ != 512);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ != 160);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ != 64);
+
+	/*
+	 * We use 2 bit wide bit-fields to store compression type, which should
+	 * be amended if more compressors are added. The bit-fields are:
+	 * @compr_type in 'struct ubifs_inode', @default_compr in
+	 * 'struct ubifs_info' and @compr_type in 'struct ubifs_mount_opts'.
+	 */
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT > 4);
+
+	/*
+	 * We require that PAGE_CACHE_SIZE is greater-than-or-equal-to
+	 * UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE. It is assumed that both are powers of 2.
+	 */
+	if (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE < UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+		pr_err("UBIFS error (pid %d): VFS page cache size is %u bytes, but UBIFS requires at least 4096 bytes",
+		       0, (unsigned int)PAGE_CACHE_SIZE);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	ubifs_inode_slab = kmem_cache_create("ubifs_inode_slab",
+				sizeof(struct ubifs_inode), 0,
+				SLAB_MEM_SPREAD | SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT,
+				&inode_slab_ctor);
+	if (!ubifs_inode_slab)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	err = register_shrinker(&ubifs_shrinker_info);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_slab;
+#endif
+
+	err = ubifs_compressors_init();
+	if (err)
+		goto out_shrinker;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	err = dbg_debugfs_init();
+	if (err)
+		goto out_compr;
+
+	err = register_filesystem(&ubifs_fs_type);
+	if (err) {
+		pr_err("UBIFS error (pid %d): cannot register file system, error %d",
+		       current->pid, err);
+		goto out_dbg;
+	}
+#endif
+	return 0;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+out_dbg:
+	dbg_debugfs_exit();
+out_compr:
+	ubifs_compressors_exit();
+#endif
+out_shrinker:
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	unregister_shrinker(&ubifs_shrinker_info);
+out_slab:
+#endif
+	kmem_cache_destroy(ubifs_inode_slab);
+	return err;
+}
+/* late_initcall to let compressors initialize first */
+late_initcall(ubifs_init);
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static void __exit ubifs_exit(void)
+{
+	ubifs_assert(list_empty(&ubifs_infos));
+	ubifs_assert(atomic_long_read(&ubifs_clean_zn_cnt) == 0);
+
+	dbg_debugfs_exit();
+	ubifs_compressors_exit();
+	unregister_shrinker(&ubifs_shrinker_info);
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure all delayed rcu free inodes are flushed before we
+	 * destroy cache.
+	 */
+	rcu_barrier();
+	kmem_cache_destroy(ubifs_inode_slab);
+	unregister_filesystem(&ubifs_fs_type);
+}
+module_exit(ubifs_exit);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_VERSION(__stringify(UBIFS_VERSION));
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Artem Bityutskiy, Adrian Hunter");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("UBIFS - UBI File System");
+#endif
+
+struct super_block *ubifs_get_super(struct device_d *dev, struct ubi_volume_desc *ubi, int silent)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct ubifs_info *c;
+	int err;
+
+	sb = alloc_super(NULL, MS_RDONLY | MS_ACTIVE | MS_NOATIME);
+	c = alloc_ubifs_info(ubi);
+
+	c->dev = dev;
+	sb->s_fs_info = c;
+	strncpy(sb->s_id, dev->name, sizeof(sb->s_id));
+
+	/* Re-open the UBI device in read-write mode */
+	c->ubi = ubi;
+
+	err = ubifs_fill_super(sb, NULL, silent);
+	if (err) {
+		ubifs_assert(err < 0);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	sb->s_dev = c->vi.cdev;
+
+	if (c->rw_incompat) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "the file-system is not R/W-compatible");
+		ubifs_msg(c, "on-flash format version is w%d/r%d, but software only supports up to version w%d/r%d",
+			  c->fmt_version, c->ro_compat_version,
+			  UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION, UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION);
+		err = -EROFS;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	return sb;
+out:
 	kfree(c);
 	kfree(sb);
 	return ERR_PTR(err);
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/tnc.c b/fs/ubifs/tnc.c
index ccda9387bc..73abece321 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/tnc.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/tnc.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Adrian Hunter
  *          Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
@@ -30,6 +19,13 @@
  * the mutex locked.
  */
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/crc32.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#else
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+#endif
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
 /*
@@ -96,7 +92,7 @@ static int insert_old_idx(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs)
 		else if (offs > o->offs)
 			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
 		else {
-			ubifs_err("old idx added twice!");
+			ubifs_err(c, "old idx added twice!");
 			kfree(old_idx);
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -176,27 +172,11 @@ static int ins_clr_old_idx_znode(struct ubifs_info *c,
  */
 void destroy_old_idx(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
-	struct rb_node *this = c->old_idx.rb_node;
-	struct ubifs_old_idx *old_idx;
+	struct ubifs_old_idx *old_idx, *n;
 
-	while (this) {
-		if (this->rb_left) {
-			this = this->rb_left;
-			continue;
-		} else if (this->rb_right) {
-			this = this->rb_right;
-			continue;
-		}
-		old_idx = rb_entry(this, struct ubifs_old_idx, rb);
-		this = rb_parent(this);
-		if (this) {
-			if (this->rb_left == &old_idx->rb)
-				this->rb_left = NULL;
-			else
-				this->rb_right = NULL;
-		}
+	rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(old_idx, n, &c->old_idx, rb)
 		kfree(old_idx);
-	}
+
 	c->old_idx = RB_ROOT;
 }
 
@@ -221,7 +201,7 @@ static struct ubifs_znode *copy_znode(struct ubifs_info *c,
 	__set_bit(DIRTY_ZNODE, &zn->flags);
 	__clear_bit(COW_ZNODE, &zn->flags);
 
-	ubifs_assert(!test_bit(OBSOLETE_ZNODE, &znode->flags));
+	ubifs_assert(!ubifs_zn_obsolete(znode));
 	__set_bit(OBSOLETE_ZNODE, &znode->flags);
 
 	if (znode->level != 0) {
@@ -269,7 +249,7 @@ static struct ubifs_znode *dirty_cow_znode(struct ubifs_info *c,
 	struct ubifs_znode *zn;
 	int err;
 
-	if (!test_bit(COW_ZNODE, &znode->flags)) {
+	if (!ubifs_zn_cow(znode)) {
 		/* znode is not being committed */
 		if (!test_and_set_bit(DIRTY_ZNODE, &znode->flags)) {
 			atomic_long_inc(&c->dirty_zn_cnt);
@@ -337,17 +317,16 @@ static int lnc_add(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr,
 
 	err = ubifs_validate_entry(c, dent);
 	if (err) {
-		dbg_dump_stack();
-		dbg_dump_node(c, dent);
+		dump_stack();
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, dent);
 		return err;
 	}
 
-	lnc_node = kmalloc(zbr->len, GFP_NOFS);
+	lnc_node = kmemdup(node, zbr->len, GFP_NOFS);
 	if (!lnc_node)
 		/* We don't have to have the cache, so no error */
 		return 0;
 
-	memcpy(lnc_node, node, zbr->len);
 	zbr->leaf = lnc_node;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -371,8 +350,8 @@ static int lnc_add_directly(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr,
 
 	err = ubifs_validate_entry(c, node);
 	if (err) {
-		dbg_dump_stack();
-		dbg_dump_node(c, node);
+		dump_stack();
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, node);
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -445,8 +424,11 @@ static int tnc_read_node_nm(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr,
  *
  * Note, this function does not check CRC of data nodes if @c->no_chk_data_crc
  * is true (it is controlled by corresponding mount option). However, if
- * @c->always_chk_crc is true, @c->no_chk_data_crc is ignored and CRC is always
- * checked.
+ * @c->mounting or @c->remounting_rw is true (we are mounting or re-mounting to
+ * R/W mode), @c->no_chk_data_crc is ignored and CRC is checked. This is
+ * because during mounting or re-mounting from R/O mode to R/W mode we may read
+ * journal nodes (when replying the journal or doing the recovery) and the
+ * journal nodes may potentially be corrupted, so checking is required.
  */
 static int try_read_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int type,
 			 int len, int lnum, int offs)
@@ -457,9 +439,9 @@ static int try_read_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int type,
 
 	dbg_io("LEB %d:%d, %s, length %d", lnum, offs, dbg_ntype(type), len);
 
-	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, buf, offs, len);
+	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, offs, len, 1);
 	if (err) {
-		ubifs_err("cannot read node type %d from LEB %d:%d, error %d",
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot read node type %d from LEB %d:%d, error %d",
 			  type, lnum, offs, err);
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -474,7 +456,8 @@ static int try_read_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int type,
 	if (node_len != len)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (type == UBIFS_DATA_NODE && !c->always_chk_crc && c->no_chk_data_crc)
+	if (type == UBIFS_DATA_NODE && c->no_chk_data_crc && !c->mounting &&
+	    !c->remounting_rw)
 		return 1;
 
 	crc = crc32(UBIFS_CRC32_INIT, buf + 8, node_len - 8);
@@ -500,7 +483,7 @@ static int fallible_read_node(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 {
 	int ret;
 
-	dbg_tnc("LEB %d:%d, key %s", zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "LEB %d:%d, key ", zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
 
 	ret = try_read_node(c, node, key_type(c, key), zbr->len, zbr->lnum,
 			    zbr->offs);
@@ -514,8 +497,8 @@ static int fallible_read_node(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 			ret = 0;
 	}
 	if (ret == 0 && c->replaying)
-		dbg_mnt("dangling branch LEB %d:%d len %d, key %s",
-			zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, zbr->len, DBGKEY(key));
+		dbg_mntk(key, "dangling branch LEB %d:%d len %d, key ",
+			zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, zbr->len);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -990,9 +973,9 @@ static int fallible_resolve_collision(struct ubifs_info *c,
 	if (adding || !o_znode)
 		return 0;
 
-	dbg_mnt("dangling match LEB %d:%d len %d %s",
+	dbg_mntk(key, "dangling match LEB %d:%d len %d key ",
 		o_znode->zbranch[o_n].lnum, o_znode->zbranch[o_n].offs,
-		o_znode->zbranch[o_n].len, DBGKEY(key));
+		o_znode->zbranch[o_n].len);
 	*zn = o_znode;
 	*n = o_n;
 	return 1;
@@ -1158,8 +1141,8 @@ static struct ubifs_znode *dirty_cow_bottom_up(struct ubifs_info *c,
  *   o exact match, i.e. the found zero-level znode contains key @key, then %1
  *     is returned and slot number of the matched branch is stored in @n;
  *   o not exact match, which means that zero-level znode does not contain
- *     @key, then %0 is returned and slot number of the closed branch is stored
- *     in  @n;
+ *     @key, then %0 is returned and slot number of the closest branch is stored
+ *     in @n;
  *   o @key is so small that it is even less than the lowest key of the
  *     leftmost zero-level node, then %0 is returned and %0 is stored in @n.
  *
@@ -1174,7 +1157,8 @@ int ubifs_lookup_level0(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
 	unsigned long time = get_seconds();
 
-	dbg_tnc("search key %s", DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "search key ");
+	ubifs_assert(key_type(c, key) < UBIFS_INVALID_KEY);
 
 	znode = c->zroot.znode;
 	if (unlikely(!znode)) {
@@ -1251,7 +1235,7 @@ int ubifs_lookup_level0(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 	 * splitting in the middle of the colliding sequence. Also, when
 	 * removing the leftmost key, we would have to correct the key of the
 	 * parent node, which would introduce additional complications. Namely,
-	 * if we changed the the leftmost key of the parent znode, the garbage
+	 * if we changed the leftmost key of the parent znode, the garbage
 	 * collector would be unable to find it (GC is doing this when GC'ing
 	 * indexing LEBs). Although we already have an additional RB-tree where
 	 * we save such changed znodes (see 'ins_clr_old_idx_znode()') until
@@ -1309,7 +1293,7 @@ static int lookup_level0_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
 	unsigned long time = get_seconds();
 
-	dbg_tnc("search and dirty key %s", DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "search and dirty key ");
 
 	znode = c->zroot.znode;
 	if (unlikely(!znode)) {
@@ -1400,9 +1384,31 @@ static int lookup_level0_dirty(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
  */
 static int maybe_leb_gced(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int gc_seq1)
 {
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	int gc_seq2, gced_lnum;
+
+	gced_lnum = c->gced_lnum;
+	smp_rmb();
+	gc_seq2 = c->gc_seq;
+	/* Same seq means no GC */
+	if (gc_seq1 == gc_seq2)
+		return 0;
+	/* Different by more than 1 means we don't know */
+	if (gc_seq1 + 1 != gc_seq2)
+		return 1;
 	/*
-	 * No garbage collection in the read-only U-Boot implementation
+	 * We have seen the sequence number has increased by 1. Now we need to
+	 * be sure we read the right LEB number, so read it again.
 	 */
+	smp_rmb();
+	if (gced_lnum != c->gced_lnum)
+		return 1;
+	/* Finally we can check lnum */
+	if (gced_lnum == lnum)
+		return 1;
+#else
+	/* No garbage collection in the read-only U-Boot implementation */
+#endif
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1414,7 +1420,7 @@ static int maybe_leb_gced(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int gc_seq1)
  * @lnum: LEB number is returned here
  * @offs: offset is returned here
  *
- * This function look up and reads node with key @key. The caller has to make
+ * This function looks up and reads node with key @key. The caller has to make
  * sure the @node buffer is large enough to fit the node. Returns zero in case
  * of success, %-ENOENT if the node was not found, and a negative error code in
  * case of failure. The node location can be returned in @lnum and @offs.
@@ -1458,6 +1464,12 @@ again:
 	gc_seq1 = c->gc_seq;
 	mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
 
+	if (ubifs_get_wbuf(c, zbr.lnum)) {
+		/* We do not GC journal heads */
+		err = ubifs_tnc_read_node(c, &zbr, node);
+		return err;
+	}
+
 	err = fallible_read_node(c, key, &zbr, node);
 	if (err <= 0 || maybe_leb_gced(c, zbr.lnum, gc_seq1)) {
 		/*
@@ -1610,6 +1622,51 @@ out:
 }
 
 /**
+ * read_wbuf - bulk-read from a LEB with a wbuf.
+ * @wbuf: wbuf that may overlap the read
+ * @buf: buffer into which to read
+ * @len: read length
+ * @lnum: LEB number from which to read
+ * @offs: offset from which to read
+ *
+ * This functions returns %0 on success or a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+static int read_wbuf(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, void *buf, int len, int lnum,
+		     int offs)
+{
+	const struct ubifs_info *c = wbuf->c;
+	int rlen, overlap;
+
+	dbg_io("LEB %d:%d, length %d", lnum, offs, len);
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf && lnum >= 0 && lnum < c->leb_cnt && offs >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(!(offs & 7) && offs < c->leb_size);
+	ubifs_assert(offs + len <= c->leb_size);
+
+	spin_lock(&wbuf->lock);
+	overlap = (lnum == wbuf->lnum && offs + len > wbuf->offs);
+	if (!overlap) {
+		/* We may safely unlock the write-buffer and read the data */
+		spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+		return ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, offs, len, 0);
+	}
+
+	/* Don't read under wbuf */
+	rlen = wbuf->offs - offs;
+	if (rlen < 0)
+		rlen = 0;
+
+	/* Copy the rest from the write-buffer */
+	memcpy(buf + rlen, wbuf->buf + offs + rlen - wbuf->offs, len - rlen);
+	spin_unlock(&wbuf->lock);
+
+	if (rlen > 0)
+		/* Read everything that goes before write-buffer */
+		return ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, buf, offs, rlen, 0);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
  * validate_data_node - validate data nodes for bulk-read.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @buf: buffer containing data node to validate
@@ -1625,30 +1682,30 @@ static int validate_data_node(struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf,
 	int err, len;
 
 	if (ch->node_type != UBIFS_DATA_NODE) {
-		ubifs_err("bad node type (%d but expected %d)",
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad node type (%d but expected %d)",
 			  ch->node_type, UBIFS_DATA_NODE);
 		goto out_err;
 	}
 
 	err = ubifs_check_node(c, buf, zbr->lnum, zbr->offs, 0, 0);
 	if (err) {
-		ubifs_err("expected node type %d", UBIFS_DATA_NODE);
+		ubifs_err(c, "expected node type %d", UBIFS_DATA_NODE);
 		goto out;
 	}
 
 	len = le32_to_cpu(ch->len);
 	if (len != zbr->len) {
-		ubifs_err("bad node length %d, expected %d", len, zbr->len);
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad node length %d, expected %d", len, zbr->len);
 		goto out_err;
 	}
 
 	/* Make sure the key of the read node is correct */
 	key_read(c, buf + UBIFS_KEY_OFFSET, &key1);
 	if (!keys_eq(c, &zbr->key, &key1)) {
-		ubifs_err("bad key in node at LEB %d:%d",
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad key in node at LEB %d:%d",
 			  zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
-		dbg_tnc("looked for key %s found node's key %s",
-			DBGKEY(&zbr->key), DBGKEY1(&key1));
+		dbg_tnck(&zbr->key, "looked for key ");
+		dbg_tnck(&key1, "found node's key ");
 		goto out_err;
 	}
 
@@ -1657,9 +1714,9 @@ static int validate_data_node(struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf,
 out_err:
 	err = -EINVAL;
 out:
-	ubifs_err("bad node at LEB %d:%d", zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
-	dbg_dump_node(c, buf);
-	dbg_dump_stack();
+	ubifs_err(c, "bad node at LEB %d:%d", zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, buf);
+	dump_stack();
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -1676,27 +1733,32 @@ out:
 int ubifs_tnc_bulk_read(struct ubifs_info *c, struct bu_info *bu)
 {
 	int lnum = bu->zbranch[0].lnum, offs = bu->zbranch[0].offs, len, err, i;
+	struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf;
 	void *buf;
 
 	len = bu->zbranch[bu->cnt - 1].offs;
 	len += bu->zbranch[bu->cnt - 1].len - offs;
 	if (len > bu->buf_len) {
-		ubifs_err("buffer too small %d vs %d", bu->buf_len, len);
+		ubifs_err(c, "buffer too small %d vs %d", bu->buf_len, len);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	/* Do the read */
-	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, bu->buf, offs, len);
+	wbuf = ubifs_get_wbuf(c, lnum);
+	if (wbuf)
+		err = read_wbuf(wbuf, bu->buf, len, lnum, offs);
+	else
+		err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, bu->buf, offs, len, 0);
 
 	/* Check for a race with GC */
 	if (maybe_leb_gced(c, lnum, bu->gc_seq))
 		return -EAGAIN;
 
 	if (err && err != -EBADMSG) {
-		ubifs_err("failed to read from LEB %d:%d, error %d",
+		ubifs_err(c, "failed to read from LEB %d:%d, error %d",
 			  lnum, offs, err);
-		dbg_dump_stack();
-		dbg_tnc("key %s", DBGKEY(&bu->key));
+		dump_stack();
+		dbg_tnck(&bu->key, "key ");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -1731,7 +1793,7 @@ static int do_lookup_nm(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 	int found, n, err;
 	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
 
-	dbg_tnc("name '%.*s' key %s", nm->len, nm->name, DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "name '%.*s' key ", nm->len, nm->name);
 	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
 	found = ubifs_lookup_level0(c, key, &znode, &n);
 	if (!found) {
@@ -1905,8 +1967,7 @@ again:
 	zp = znode->parent;
 	if (znode->child_cnt < c->fanout) {
 		ubifs_assert(n != c->fanout);
-		dbg_tnc("inserted at %d level %d, key %s", n, znode->level,
-			DBGKEY(key));
+		dbg_tnck(key, "inserted at %d level %d, key ", n, znode->level);
 
 		insert_zbranch(znode, zbr, n);
 
@@ -1921,7 +1982,7 @@ again:
 	 * Unfortunately, @znode does not have more empty slots and we have to
 	 * split it.
 	 */
-	dbg_tnc("splitting level %d, key %s", znode->level, DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "splitting level %d, key ", znode->level);
 
 	if (znode->alt)
 		/*
@@ -2015,7 +2076,7 @@ do_split:
 	}
 
 	/* Insert new key and branch */
-	dbg_tnc("inserting at %d level %d, key %s", n, zn->level, DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "inserting at %d level %d, key ", n, zn->level);
 
 	insert_zbranch(zi, zbr, n);
 
@@ -2091,7 +2152,7 @@ int ubifs_tnc_add(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key, int lnum,
 	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
 
 	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
-	dbg_tnc("%d:%d, len %d, key %s", lnum, offs, len, DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "%d:%d, len %d, key ", lnum, offs, len);
 	found = lookup_level0_dirty(c, key, &znode, &n);
 	if (!found) {
 		struct ubifs_zbranch zbr;
@@ -2140,8 +2201,8 @@ int ubifs_tnc_replace(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
 
 	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
-	dbg_tnc("old LEB %d:%d, new LEB %d:%d, len %d, key %s", old_lnum,
-		old_offs, lnum, offs, len, DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "old LEB %d:%d, new LEB %d:%d, len %d, key ", old_lnum,
+		 old_offs, lnum, offs, len);
 	found = lookup_level0_dirty(c, key, &znode, &n);
 	if (found < 0) {
 		err = found;
@@ -2223,8 +2284,8 @@ int ubifs_tnc_add_nm(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
 
 	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
-	dbg_tnc("LEB %d:%d, name '%.*s', key %s", lnum, offs, nm->len, nm->name,
-		DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "LEB %d:%d, name '%.*s', key ",
+		 lnum, offs, nm->len, nm->name);
 	found = lookup_level0_dirty(c, key, &znode, &n);
 	if (found < 0) {
 		err = found;
@@ -2282,7 +2343,7 @@ int ubifs_tnc_add_nm(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 			 * by passing 'ubifs_tnc_remove_nm()' the same key but
 			 * an unmatchable name.
 			 */
-			struct qstr noname = { .len = 0, .name = "" };
+			struct qstr noname = { .name = "" };
 
 			err = dbg_check_tnc(c, 0);
 			mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
@@ -2317,14 +2378,14 @@ static int tnc_delete(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_znode *znode, int n)
 	/* Delete without merge for now */
 	ubifs_assert(znode->level == 0);
 	ubifs_assert(n >= 0 && n < c->fanout);
-	dbg_tnc("deleting %s", DBGKEY(&znode->zbranch[n].key));
+	dbg_tnck(&znode->zbranch[n].key, "deleting key ");
 
 	zbr = &znode->zbranch[n];
 	lnc_free(zbr);
 
 	err = ubifs_add_dirt(c, zbr->lnum, zbr->len);
 	if (err) {
-		dbg_dump_znode(c, znode);
+		ubifs_dump_znode(c, znode);
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -2342,7 +2403,7 @@ static int tnc_delete(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_znode *znode, int n)
 	 */
 
 	do {
-		ubifs_assert(!test_bit(OBSOLETE_ZNODE, &znode->flags));
+		ubifs_assert(!ubifs_zn_obsolete(znode));
 		ubifs_assert(ubifs_zn_dirty(znode));
 
 		zp = znode->parent;
@@ -2398,9 +2459,8 @@ static int tnc_delete(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_znode *znode, int n)
 			c->zroot.offs = zbr->offs;
 			c->zroot.len = zbr->len;
 			c->zroot.znode = znode;
-			ubifs_assert(!test_bit(OBSOLETE_ZNODE,
-				     &zp->flags));
-			ubifs_assert(test_bit(DIRTY_ZNODE, &zp->flags));
+			ubifs_assert(!ubifs_zn_obsolete(zp));
+			ubifs_assert(ubifs_zn_dirty(zp));
 			atomic_long_dec(&c->dirty_zn_cnt);
 
 			if (zp->cnext) {
@@ -2428,7 +2488,7 @@ int ubifs_tnc_remove(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key)
 	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
 
 	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
-	dbg_tnc("key %s", DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "key ");
 	found = lookup_level0_dirty(c, key, &znode, &n);
 	if (found < 0) {
 		err = found;
@@ -2459,7 +2519,7 @@ int ubifs_tnc_remove_nm(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
 
 	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
-	dbg_tnc("%.*s, key %s", nm->len, nm->name, DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "%.*s, key ", nm->len, nm->name);
 	err = lookup_level0_dirty(c, key, &znode, &n);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto out_unlock;
@@ -2476,11 +2536,11 @@ int ubifs_tnc_remove_nm(struct ubifs_info *c, const union ubifs_key *key,
 		if (err) {
 			/* Ensure the znode is dirtied */
 			if (znode->cnext || !ubifs_zn_dirty(znode)) {
-				    znode = dirty_cow_bottom_up(c, znode);
-				    if (IS_ERR(znode)) {
-					    err = PTR_ERR(znode);
-					    goto out_unlock;
-				    }
+				znode = dirty_cow_bottom_up(c, znode);
+				if (IS_ERR(znode)) {
+					err = PTR_ERR(znode);
+					goto out_unlock;
+				}
 			}
 			err = tnc_delete(c, znode, n);
 		}
@@ -2571,10 +2631,10 @@ int ubifs_tnc_remove_range(struct ubifs_info *c, union ubifs_key *from_key,
 			err = ubifs_add_dirt(c, znode->zbranch[i].lnum,
 					     znode->zbranch[i].len);
 			if (err) {
-				dbg_dump_znode(c, znode);
+				ubifs_dump_znode(c, znode);
 				goto out_unlock;
 			}
-			dbg_tnc("removing %s", DBGKEY(key));
+			dbg_tnck(key, "removing key ");
 		}
 		if (k) {
 			for (i = n + 1 + k; i < znode->child_cnt; i++)
@@ -2633,7 +2693,7 @@ int ubifs_tnc_remove_ino(struct ubifs_info *c, ino_t inum)
 		dbg_tnc("xent '%s', ino %lu", xent->name,
 			(unsigned long)xattr_inum);
 
-		nm.name = (char *)xent->name;
+		nm.name = xent->name;
 		nm.len = le16_to_cpu(xent->nlen);
 		err = ubifs_tnc_remove_nm(c, &key1, &nm);
 		if (err) {
@@ -2694,7 +2754,7 @@ struct ubifs_dent_node *ubifs_tnc_next_ent(struct ubifs_info *c,
 	struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr;
 	union ubifs_key *dkey;
 
-	dbg_tnc("%s %s", nm->name ? (char *)nm->name : "(lowest)", DBGKEY(key));
+	dbg_tnck(key, "%s ", nm->name ? (char *)nm->name : "(lowest)");
 	ubifs_assert(is_hash_key(c, key));
 
 	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
@@ -2765,3 +2825,501 @@ out_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
 	return ERR_PTR(err);
 }
+
+/**
+ * tnc_destroy_cnext - destroy left-over obsolete znodes from a failed commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * Destroy left-over obsolete znodes from a failed commit.
+ */
+static void tnc_destroy_cnext(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_znode *cnext;
+
+	if (!c->cnext)
+		return;
+	ubifs_assert(c->cmt_state == COMMIT_BROKEN);
+	cnext = c->cnext;
+	do {
+		struct ubifs_znode *znode = cnext;
+
+		cnext = cnext->cnext;
+		if (ubifs_zn_obsolete(znode))
+			kfree(znode);
+	} while (cnext && cnext != c->cnext);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_tnc_close - close TNC subsystem and free all related resources.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ */
+void ubifs_tnc_close(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	tnc_destroy_cnext(c);
+	if (c->zroot.znode) {
+		long n, freed;
+
+		n = atomic_long_read(&c->clean_zn_cnt);
+		freed = ubifs_destroy_tnc_subtree(c->zroot.znode);
+		ubifs_assert(freed == n);
+		atomic_long_sub(n, &ubifs_clean_zn_cnt);
+	}
+	kfree(c->gap_lebs);
+	kfree(c->ilebs);
+	destroy_old_idx(c);
+}
+
+/**
+ * left_znode - get the znode to the left.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @znode: znode
+ *
+ * This function returns a pointer to the znode to the left of @znode or NULL if
+ * there is not one. A negative error code is returned on failure.
+ */
+static struct ubifs_znode *left_znode(struct ubifs_info *c,
+				      struct ubifs_znode *znode)
+{
+	int level = znode->level;
+
+	while (1) {
+		int n = znode->iip - 1;
+
+		/* Go up until we can go left */
+		znode = znode->parent;
+		if (!znode)
+			return NULL;
+		if (n >= 0) {
+			/* Now go down the rightmost branch to 'level' */
+			znode = get_znode(c, znode, n);
+			if (IS_ERR(znode))
+				return znode;
+			while (znode->level != level) {
+				n = znode->child_cnt - 1;
+				znode = get_znode(c, znode, n);
+				if (IS_ERR(znode))
+					return znode;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return znode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * right_znode - get the znode to the right.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @znode: znode
+ *
+ * This function returns a pointer to the znode to the right of @znode or NULL
+ * if there is not one. A negative error code is returned on failure.
+ */
+static struct ubifs_znode *right_znode(struct ubifs_info *c,
+				       struct ubifs_znode *znode)
+{
+	int level = znode->level;
+
+	while (1) {
+		int n = znode->iip + 1;
+
+		/* Go up until we can go right */
+		znode = znode->parent;
+		if (!znode)
+			return NULL;
+		if (n < znode->child_cnt) {
+			/* Now go down the leftmost branch to 'level' */
+			znode = get_znode(c, znode, n);
+			if (IS_ERR(znode))
+				return znode;
+			while (znode->level != level) {
+				znode = get_znode(c, znode, 0);
+				if (IS_ERR(znode))
+					return znode;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return znode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * lookup_znode - find a particular indexing node from TNC.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @key: index node key to lookup
+ * @level: index node level
+ * @lnum: index node LEB number
+ * @offs: index node offset
+ *
+ * This function searches an indexing node by its first key @key and its
+ * address @lnum:@offs. It looks up the indexing tree by pulling all indexing
+ * nodes it traverses to TNC. This function is called for indexing nodes which
+ * were found on the media by scanning, for example when garbage-collecting or
+ * when doing in-the-gaps commit. This means that the indexing node which is
+ * looked for does not have to have exactly the same leftmost key @key, because
+ * the leftmost key may have been changed, in which case TNC will contain a
+ * dirty znode which still refers the same @lnum:@offs. This function is clever
+ * enough to recognize such indexing nodes.
+ *
+ * Note, if a znode was deleted or changed too much, then this function will
+ * not find it. For situations like this UBIFS has the old index RB-tree
+ * (indexed by @lnum:@offs).
+ *
+ * This function returns a pointer to the znode found or %NULL if it is not
+ * found. A negative error code is returned on failure.
+ */
+static struct ubifs_znode *lookup_znode(struct ubifs_info *c,
+					union ubifs_key *key, int level,
+					int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode, *zn;
+	int n, nn;
+
+	ubifs_assert(key_type(c, key) < UBIFS_INVALID_KEY);
+
+	/*
+	 * The arguments have probably been read off flash, so don't assume
+	 * they are valid.
+	 */
+	if (level < 0)
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+	/* Get the root znode */
+	znode = c->zroot.znode;
+	if (!znode) {
+		znode = ubifs_load_znode(c, &c->zroot, NULL, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(znode))
+			return znode;
+	}
+	/* Check if it is the one we are looking for */
+	if (c->zroot.lnum == lnum && c->zroot.offs == offs)
+		return znode;
+	/* Descend to the parent level i.e. (level + 1) */
+	if (level >= znode->level)
+		return NULL;
+	while (1) {
+		ubifs_search_zbranch(c, znode, key, &n);
+		if (n < 0) {
+			/*
+			 * We reached a znode where the leftmost key is greater
+			 * than the key we are searching for. This is the same
+			 * situation as the one described in a huge comment at
+			 * the end of the 'ubifs_lookup_level0()' function. And
+			 * for exactly the same reasons we have to try to look
+			 * left before giving up.
+			 */
+			znode = left_znode(c, znode);
+			if (!znode)
+				return NULL;
+			if (IS_ERR(znode))
+				return znode;
+			ubifs_search_zbranch(c, znode, key, &n);
+			ubifs_assert(n >= 0);
+		}
+		if (znode->level == level + 1)
+			break;
+		znode = get_znode(c, znode, n);
+		if (IS_ERR(znode))
+			return znode;
+	}
+	/* Check if the child is the one we are looking for */
+	if (znode->zbranch[n].lnum == lnum && znode->zbranch[n].offs == offs)
+		return get_znode(c, znode, n);
+	/* If the key is unique, there is nowhere else to look */
+	if (!is_hash_key(c, key))
+		return NULL;
+	/*
+	 * The key is not unique and so may be also in the znodes to either
+	 * side.
+	 */
+	zn = znode;
+	nn = n;
+	/* Look left */
+	while (1) {
+		/* Move one branch to the left */
+		if (n)
+			n -= 1;
+		else {
+			znode = left_znode(c, znode);
+			if (!znode)
+				break;
+			if (IS_ERR(znode))
+				return znode;
+			n = znode->child_cnt - 1;
+		}
+		/* Check it */
+		if (znode->zbranch[n].lnum == lnum &&
+		    znode->zbranch[n].offs == offs)
+			return get_znode(c, znode, n);
+		/* Stop if the key is less than the one we are looking for */
+		if (keys_cmp(c, &znode->zbranch[n].key, key) < 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	/* Back to the middle */
+	znode = zn;
+	n = nn;
+	/* Look right */
+	while (1) {
+		/* Move one branch to the right */
+		if (++n >= znode->child_cnt) {
+			znode = right_znode(c, znode);
+			if (!znode)
+				break;
+			if (IS_ERR(znode))
+				return znode;
+			n = 0;
+		}
+		/* Check it */
+		if (znode->zbranch[n].lnum == lnum &&
+		    znode->zbranch[n].offs == offs)
+			return get_znode(c, znode, n);
+		/* Stop if the key is greater than the one we are looking for */
+		if (keys_cmp(c, &znode->zbranch[n].key, key) > 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * is_idx_node_in_tnc - determine if an index node is in the TNC.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @key: key of index node
+ * @level: index node level
+ * @lnum: LEB number of index node
+ * @offs: offset of index node
+ *
+ * This function returns %0 if the index node is not referred to in the TNC, %1
+ * if the index node is referred to in the TNC and the corresponding znode is
+ * dirty, %2 if an index node is referred to in the TNC and the corresponding
+ * znode is clean, and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ *
+ * Note, the @key argument has to be the key of the first child. Also note,
+ * this function relies on the fact that 0:0 is never a valid LEB number and
+ * offset for a main-area node.
+ */
+int is_idx_node_in_tnc(struct ubifs_info *c, union ubifs_key *key, int level,
+		       int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
+
+	znode = lookup_znode(c, key, level, lnum, offs);
+	if (!znode)
+		return 0;
+	if (IS_ERR(znode))
+		return PTR_ERR(znode);
+
+	return ubifs_zn_dirty(znode) ? 1 : 2;
+}
+
+/**
+ * is_leaf_node_in_tnc - determine if a non-indexing not is in the TNC.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @key: node key
+ * @lnum: node LEB number
+ * @offs: node offset
+ *
+ * This function returns %1 if the node is referred to in the TNC, %0 if it is
+ * not, and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ *
+ * Note, this function relies on the fact that 0:0 is never a valid LEB number
+ * and offset for a main-area node.
+ */
+static int is_leaf_node_in_tnc(struct ubifs_info *c, union ubifs_key *key,
+			       int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr;
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode, *zn;
+	int n, found, err, nn;
+	const int unique = !is_hash_key(c, key);
+
+	found = ubifs_lookup_level0(c, key, &znode, &n);
+	if (found < 0)
+		return found; /* Error code */
+	if (!found)
+		return 0;
+	zbr = &znode->zbranch[n];
+	if (lnum == zbr->lnum && offs == zbr->offs)
+		return 1; /* Found it */
+	if (unique)
+		return 0;
+	/*
+	 * Because the key is not unique, we have to look left
+	 * and right as well
+	 */
+	zn = znode;
+	nn = n;
+	/* Look left */
+	while (1) {
+		err = tnc_prev(c, &znode, &n);
+		if (err == -ENOENT)
+			break;
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		if (keys_cmp(c, key, &znode->zbranch[n].key))
+			break;
+		zbr = &znode->zbranch[n];
+		if (lnum == zbr->lnum && offs == zbr->offs)
+			return 1; /* Found it */
+	}
+	/* Look right */
+	znode = zn;
+	n = nn;
+	while (1) {
+		err = tnc_next(c, &znode, &n);
+		if (err) {
+			if (err == -ENOENT)
+				return 0;
+			return err;
+		}
+		if (keys_cmp(c, key, &znode->zbranch[n].key))
+			break;
+		zbr = &znode->zbranch[n];
+		if (lnum == zbr->lnum && offs == zbr->offs)
+			return 1; /* Found it */
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_tnc_has_node - determine whether a node is in the TNC.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @key: node key
+ * @level: index node level (if it is an index node)
+ * @lnum: node LEB number
+ * @offs: node offset
+ * @is_idx: non-zero if the node is an index node
+ *
+ * This function returns %1 if the node is in the TNC, %0 if it is not, and a
+ * negative error code in case of failure. For index nodes, @key has to be the
+ * key of the first child. An index node is considered to be in the TNC only if
+ * the corresponding znode is clean or has not been loaded.
+ */
+int ubifs_tnc_has_node(struct ubifs_info *c, union ubifs_key *key, int level,
+		       int lnum, int offs, int is_idx)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+	if (is_idx) {
+		err = is_idx_node_in_tnc(c, key, level, lnum, offs);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto out_unlock;
+		if (err == 1)
+			/* The index node was found but it was dirty */
+			err = 0;
+		else if (err == 2)
+			/* The index node was found and it was clean */
+			err = 1;
+		else
+			BUG_ON(err != 0);
+	} else
+		err = is_leaf_node_in_tnc(c, key, lnum, offs);
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_dirty_idx_node - dirty an index node.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @key: index node key
+ * @level: index node level
+ * @lnum: index node LEB number
+ * @offs: index node offset
+ *
+ * This function loads and dirties an index node so that it can be garbage
+ * collected. The @key argument has to be the key of the first child. This
+ * function relies on the fact that 0:0 is never a valid LEB number and offset
+ * for a main-area node. Returns %0 on success and a negative error code on
+ * failure.
+ */
+int ubifs_dirty_idx_node(struct ubifs_info *c, union ubifs_key *key, int level,
+			 int lnum, int offs)
+{
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+	znode = lookup_znode(c, key, level, lnum, offs);
+	if (!znode)
+		goto out_unlock;
+	if (IS_ERR(znode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(znode);
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+	znode = dirty_cow_bottom_up(c, znode);
+	if (IS_ERR(znode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(znode);
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_check_inode_size - check if inode size is correct.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @inum: inode number
+ * @size: inode size
+ *
+ * This function makes sure that the inode size (@size) is correct and it does
+ * not have any pages beyond @size. Returns zero if the inode is OK, %-EINVAL
+ * if it has a data page beyond @size, and other negative error code in case of
+ * other errors.
+ */
+int dbg_check_inode_size(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *inode,
+			 loff_t size)
+{
+	int err, n;
+	union ubifs_key from_key, to_key, *key;
+	struct ubifs_znode *znode;
+	unsigned int block;
+
+	if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
+		return 0;
+	if (!dbg_is_chk_gen(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	block = (size + UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) >> UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+	data_key_init(c, &from_key, inode->i_ino, block);
+	highest_data_key(c, &to_key, inode->i_ino);
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+	err = ubifs_lookup_level0(c, &from_key, &znode, &n);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	if (err) {
+		key = &from_key;
+		goto out_dump;
+	}
+
+	err = tnc_next(c, &znode, &n);
+	if (err == -ENOENT) {
+		err = 0;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	ubifs_assert(err == 0);
+	key = &znode->zbranch[n].key;
+	if (!key_in_range(c, key, &from_key, &to_key))
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+out_dump:
+	block = key_block(c, key);
+	ubifs_err(c, "inode %lu has size %lld, but there are data at offset %lld",
+		  (unsigned long)inode->i_ino, size,
+		  ((loff_t)block) << UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT);
+	mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+	ubifs_dump_inode(c, inode);
+	dump_stack();
+	return -EINVAL;
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/tnc_misc.c b/fs/ubifs/tnc_misc.c
index 955219fa01..21da709bac 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/tnc_misc.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/tnc_misc.c
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Adrian Hunter
  *          Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
@@ -27,6 +16,9 @@
  * putting it all in one file would make that file too big and unreadable.
  */
 
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#endif
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
 /**
@@ -219,6 +211,44 @@ struct ubifs_znode *ubifs_tnc_postorder_next(struct ubifs_znode *znode)
 }
 
 /**
+ * ubifs_destroy_tnc_subtree - destroy all znodes connected to a subtree.
+ * @znode: znode defining subtree to destroy
+ *
+ * This function destroys subtree of the TNC tree. Returns number of clean
+ * znodes in the subtree.
+ */
+long ubifs_destroy_tnc_subtree(struct ubifs_znode *znode)
+{
+	struct ubifs_znode *zn = ubifs_tnc_postorder_first(znode);
+	long clean_freed = 0;
+	int n;
+
+	ubifs_assert(zn);
+	while (1) {
+		for (n = 0; n < zn->child_cnt; n++) {
+			if (!zn->zbranch[n].znode)
+				continue;
+
+			if (zn->level > 0 &&
+			    !ubifs_zn_dirty(zn->zbranch[n].znode))
+				clean_freed += 1;
+
+			cond_resched();
+			kfree(zn->zbranch[n].znode);
+		}
+
+		if (zn == znode) {
+			if (!ubifs_zn_dirty(zn))
+				clean_freed += 1;
+			kfree(zn);
+			return clean_freed;
+		}
+
+		zn = ubifs_tnc_postorder_next(zn);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
  * read_znode - read an indexing node from flash and fill znode.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @lnum: LEB of the indexing node to read
@@ -255,10 +285,10 @@ static int read_znode(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 		lnum, offs, znode->level, znode->child_cnt);
 
 	if (znode->child_cnt > c->fanout || znode->level > UBIFS_MAX_LEVELS) {
-		dbg_err("current fanout %d, branch count %d",
-			c->fanout, znode->child_cnt);
-		dbg_err("max levels %d, znode level %d",
-			UBIFS_MAX_LEVELS, znode->level);
+		ubifs_err(c, "current fanout %d, branch count %d",
+			  c->fanout, znode->child_cnt);
+		ubifs_err(c, "max levels %d, znode level %d",
+			  UBIFS_MAX_LEVELS, znode->level);
 		err = 1;
 		goto out_dump;
 	}
@@ -278,7 +308,7 @@ static int read_znode(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 		if (zbr->lnum < c->main_first ||
 		    zbr->lnum >= c->leb_cnt || zbr->offs < 0 ||
 		    zbr->offs + zbr->len > c->leb_size || zbr->offs & 7) {
-			dbg_err("bad branch %d", i);
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad branch %d", i);
 			err = 2;
 			goto out_dump;
 		}
@@ -290,8 +320,8 @@ static int read_znode(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 		case UBIFS_XENT_KEY:
 			break;
 		default:
-			dbg_msg("bad key type at slot %d: %s", i,
-				DBGKEY(&zbr->key));
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad key type at slot %d: %d",
+				  i, key_type(c, &zbr->key));
 			err = 3;
 			goto out_dump;
 		}
@@ -302,19 +332,19 @@ static int read_znode(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 		type = key_type(c, &zbr->key);
 		if (c->ranges[type].max_len == 0) {
 			if (zbr->len != c->ranges[type].len) {
-				dbg_err("bad target node (type %d) length (%d)",
-					type, zbr->len);
-				dbg_err("have to be %d", c->ranges[type].len);
+				ubifs_err(c, "bad target node (type %d) length (%d)",
+					  type, zbr->len);
+				ubifs_err(c, "have to be %d", c->ranges[type].len);
 				err = 4;
 				goto out_dump;
 			}
 		} else if (zbr->len < c->ranges[type].min_len ||
 			   zbr->len > c->ranges[type].max_len) {
-			dbg_err("bad target node (type %d) length (%d)",
-				type, zbr->len);
-			dbg_err("have to be in range of %d-%d",
-				c->ranges[type].min_len,
-				c->ranges[type].max_len);
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad target node (type %d) length (%d)",
+				  type, zbr->len);
+			ubifs_err(c, "have to be in range of %d-%d",
+				  c->ranges[type].min_len,
+				  c->ranges[type].max_len);
 			err = 5;
 			goto out_dump;
 		}
@@ -332,13 +362,13 @@ static int read_znode(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 
 		cmp = keys_cmp(c, key1, key2);
 		if (cmp > 0) {
-			dbg_err("bad key order (keys %d and %d)", i, i + 1);
+			ubifs_err(c, "bad key order (keys %d and %d)", i, i + 1);
 			err = 6;
 			goto out_dump;
 		} else if (cmp == 0 && !is_hash_key(c, key1)) {
 			/* These can only be keys with colliding hash */
-			dbg_err("keys %d and %d are not hashed but equivalent",
-				i, i + 1);
+			ubifs_err(c, "keys %d and %d are not hashed but equivalent",
+				  i, i + 1);
 			err = 7;
 			goto out_dump;
 		}
@@ -348,8 +378,8 @@ static int read_znode(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 	return 0;
 
 out_dump:
-	ubifs_err("bad indexing node at LEB %d:%d, error %d", lnum, offs, err);
-	dbg_dump_node(c, idx);
+	ubifs_err(c, "bad indexing node at LEB %d:%d, error %d", lnum, offs, err);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, idx);
 	kfree(idx);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
@@ -385,6 +415,16 @@ struct ubifs_znode *ubifs_load_znode(struct ubifs_info *c,
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
+	atomic_long_inc(&c->clean_zn_cnt);
+
+	/*
+	 * Increment the global clean znode counter as well. It is OK that
+	 * global and per-FS clean znode counters may be inconsistent for some
+	 * short time (because we might be preempted at this point), the global
+	 * one is only used in shrinker.
+	 */
+	atomic_long_inc(&ubifs_clean_zn_cnt);
+
 	zbr->znode = znode;
 	znode->parent = parent;
 	znode->time = get_seconds();
@@ -412,22 +452,33 @@ int ubifs_tnc_read_node(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr,
 {
 	union ubifs_key key1, *key = &zbr->key;
 	int err, type = key_type(c, key);
+	struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf;
 
-	err = ubifs_read_node(c, node, type, zbr->len, zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
+	/*
+	 * 'zbr' has to point to on-flash node. The node may sit in a bud and
+	 * may even be in a write buffer, so we have to take care about this.
+	 */
+	wbuf = ubifs_get_wbuf(c, zbr->lnum);
+	if (wbuf)
+		err = ubifs_read_node_wbuf(wbuf, node, type, zbr->len,
+					   zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
+	else
+		err = ubifs_read_node(c, node, type, zbr->len, zbr->lnum,
+				      zbr->offs);
 
 	if (err) {
-		dbg_tnc("key %s", DBGKEY(key));
+		dbg_tnck(key, "key ");
 		return err;
 	}
 
 	/* Make sure the key of the read node is correct */
 	key_read(c, node + UBIFS_KEY_OFFSET, &key1);
 	if (!keys_eq(c, key, &key1)) {
-		ubifs_err("bad key in node at LEB %d:%d",
+		ubifs_err(c, "bad key in node at LEB %d:%d",
 			  zbr->lnum, zbr->offs);
-		dbg_tnc("looked for key %s found node's key %s",
-			DBGKEY(key), DBGKEY1(&key1));
-		dbg_dump_node(c, node);
+		dbg_tnck(key, "looked for key ");
+		dbg_tnck(&key1, "but found node's key ");
+		ubifs_dump_node(c, node);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/ubifs-media.h b/fs/ubifs/ubifs-media.h
index 3eee07e0c4..2ccd149b7a 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/ubifs-media.h
+++ b/fs/ubifs/ubifs-media.h
@@ -3,18 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -135,6 +124,13 @@
 /* The key is always at the same position in all keyed nodes */
 #define UBIFS_KEY_OFFSET offsetof(struct ubifs_ino_node, key)
 
+/* Garbage collector journal head number */
+#define UBIFS_GC_HEAD   0
+/* Base journal head number */
+#define UBIFS_BASE_HEAD 1
+/* Data journal head number */
+#define UBIFS_DATA_HEAD 2
+
 /*
  * LEB Properties Tree node types.
  *
@@ -401,9 +397,11 @@ enum {
  * Superblock flags.
  *
  * UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT: if "big" LPT model is used if set
+ * UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP: first-mount "fixup" of free space within LEBs needed
  */
 enum {
 	UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT = 0x02,
+	UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP = 0x04,
 };
 
 /**
@@ -427,7 +425,7 @@ struct ubifs_ch {
 	__u8 node_type;
 	__u8 group_type;
 	__u8 padding[2];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * union ubifs_dev_desc - device node descriptor.
@@ -441,7 +439,7 @@ struct ubifs_ch {
 union ubifs_dev_desc {
 	__le32 new;
 	__le64 huge;
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_ino_node - inode node.
@@ -502,7 +500,7 @@ struct ubifs_ino_node {
 	__le16 compr_type;
 	__u8 padding2[26]; /* Watch 'zero_ino_node_unused()' if changing! */
 	__u8 data[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_dent_node - directory entry node.
@@ -526,8 +524,12 @@ struct ubifs_dent_node {
 	__u8 type;
 	__le16 nlen;
 	__u8 padding2[4]; /* Watch 'zero_dent_node_unused()' if changing! */
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
 	__u8 name[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+#else
+	char name[];
+#endif
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_data_node - data node.
@@ -548,7 +550,7 @@ struct ubifs_data_node {
 	__le16 compr_type;
 	__u8 padding[2]; /* Watch 'zero_data_node_unused()' if changing! */
 	__u8 data[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_trun_node - truncation node.
@@ -568,7 +570,7 @@ struct ubifs_trun_node {
 	__u8 padding[12]; /* Watch 'zero_trun_node_unused()' if changing! */
 	__le64 old_size;
 	__le64 new_size;
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_pad_node - padding node.
@@ -579,7 +581,7 @@ struct ubifs_trun_node {
 struct ubifs_pad_node {
 	struct ubifs_ch ch;
 	__le32 pad_len;
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_sb_node - superblock node.
@@ -637,7 +639,7 @@ struct ubifs_sb_node {
 	__u8 uuid[16];
 	__le32 ro_compat_version;
 	__u8 padding2[3968];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_mst_node - master node.
@@ -704,7 +706,7 @@ struct ubifs_mst_node {
 	__le32 idx_lebs;
 	__le32 leb_cnt;
 	__u8 padding[344];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_ref_node - logical eraseblock reference node.
@@ -720,7 +722,7 @@ struct ubifs_ref_node {
 	__le32 offs;
 	__le32 jhead;
 	__u8 padding[28];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_branch - key/reference/length branch
@@ -733,8 +735,12 @@ struct ubifs_branch {
 	__le32 lnum;
 	__le32 offs;
 	__le32 len;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
 	__u8 key[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+#else
+	char key[];
+#endif
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_idx_node - indexing node.
@@ -747,8 +753,12 @@ struct ubifs_idx_node {
 	struct ubifs_ch ch;
 	__le16 child_cnt;
 	__le16 level;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
 	__u8 branches[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+#else
+	char branches[];
+#endif
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_cs_node - commit start node.
@@ -758,7 +768,7 @@ struct ubifs_idx_node {
 struct ubifs_cs_node {
 	struct ubifs_ch ch;
 	__le64 cmt_no;
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_orph_node - orphan node.
@@ -770,6 +780,6 @@ struct ubifs_orph_node {
 	struct ubifs_ch ch;
 	__le64 cmt_no;
 	__le64 inos[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 #endif /* __UBIFS_MEDIA_H__ */
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/ubifs.c b/fs/ubifs/ubifs.c
index ad74a0be18..f07ad5e7f9 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/ubifs.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/ubifs.c
@@ -6,84 +6,165 @@
  * (C) Copyright 2008-2010
  * Stefan Roese, DENX Software Engineering, sr@denx.de.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
- *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0
  */
 
 #include <common.h>
-#include <malloc.h>
-#include <driver.h>
 #include <init.h>
-#include <malloc.h>
 #include <fs.h>
-#include <command.h>
-#include <errno.h>
 #include <linux/stat.h>
-#include <linux/ctype.h>
 #include <linux/zlib.h>
-#include <xfuncs.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
 
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
+#include <linux/err.h>
+
 struct ubifs_priv {
 	struct cdev *cdev;
 	struct ubi_volume_desc *ubi;
 	struct super_block *sb;
 };
 
-struct z_stream_s ubifs_zlib_stream;
+static struct z_stream_s ubifs_zlib_stream;
+
 
 /* compress.c */
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_ZLIB
-static int ubifs_deflate_decompress(const u8 *src, unsigned int slen, u8 *dst,
-		unsigned int *dlen)
+/*
+ * We need a wrapper for zunzip() because the parameters are
+ * incompatible with the lzo decompressor.
+ */
+#if defined(CONFIG_ZLIB)
+static int gzip_decompress(const unsigned char *in, size_t in_len,
+			   unsigned char *out, size_t *out_len)
 {
-	return deflate_decompress(&ubifs_zlib_stream, src, slen, dst, dlen);
+	return deflate_decompress(&ubifs_zlib_stream, in, in_len, out, out_len);
 }
 #endif
 
-/* All UBIFS compressors */
-struct ubifs_compressor ubifs_compressors[UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT] = {
-	[UBIFS_COMPR_NONE] = {
-		.compr_type = UBIFS_COMPR_NONE,
-		.name = "no compression",
-		.capi_name = "",
-		.decompress = NULL,
-	},
-	[UBIFS_COMPR_LZO] = {
-		.compr_type = UBIFS_COMPR_LZO,
-		.name = "LZO",
+/* Fake description object for the "none" compressor */
+static struct ubifs_compressor none_compr = {
+	.compr_type = UBIFS_COMPR_NONE,
+	.name = "none",
+	.capi_name = "",
+	.decompress = NULL,
+};
+
+static struct ubifs_compressor lzo_compr = {
+	.compr_type = UBIFS_COMPR_LZO,
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	.comp_mutex = &lzo_mutex,
+#endif
+	.name = "lzo",
 #ifdef CONFIG_LZO_DECOMPRESS
-		.capi_name = "lzo",
-		.decompress = lzo1x_decompress_safe,
+	.capi_name = "lzo",
+	.decompress = lzo1x_decompress_safe,
+#endif
+};
+
+static struct ubifs_compressor zlib_compr = {
+	.compr_type = UBIFS_COMPR_ZLIB,
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	.comp_mutex = &deflate_mutex,
+	.decomp_mutex = &inflate_mutex,
 #endif
-	},
-	[UBIFS_COMPR_ZLIB] = {
-		.compr_type = UBIFS_COMPR_ZLIB,
-		.name = "zlib",
+	.name = "zlib",
 #ifdef CONFIG_ZLIB
-		.capi_name = "deflate",
-		.decompress = ubifs_deflate_decompress,
+	.capi_name = "deflate",
+	.decompress = gzip_decompress,
 #endif
-	},
 };
 
+/* All UBIFS compressors */
+struct ubifs_compressor *ubifs_compressors[UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT];
+
+
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+/* from mm/util.c */
+
+/**
+ * kmemdup - duplicate region of memory
+ *
+ * @src: memory region to duplicate
+ * @len: memory region length
+ * @gfp: GFP mask to use
+ */
+void *kmemdup(const void *src, size_t len, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	void *p;
+
+	p = kmalloc(len, gfp);
+	if (p)
+		memcpy(p, src, len);
+	return p;
+}
+
+struct crypto_comp {
+	int compressor;
+};
+
+static inline struct crypto_comp
+*crypto_alloc_comp(const char *alg_name, u32 type, u32 mask)
+{
+	struct ubifs_compressor *comp;
+	struct crypto_comp *ptr;
+	int i = 0;
+
+	ptr = kzalloc(sizeof(struct crypto_comp), 0);
+	while (i < UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT) {
+		comp = ubifs_compressors[i];
+		if (!comp) {
+			i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (strncmp(alg_name, comp->capi_name, strlen(alg_name)) == 0) {
+			ptr->compressor = i;
+			return ptr;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	if (i >= UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT) {
+		dbg_gen("invalid compression type %s", alg_name);
+		free (ptr);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return ptr;
+}
+static inline int
+crypto_comp_decompress(const struct ubifs_info *c, struct crypto_comp *tfm,
+		       const u8 *src, unsigned int slen, u8 *dst,
+		       unsigned int *dlen)
+{
+	struct ubifs_compressor *compr = ubifs_compressors[tfm->compressor];
+	int err;
+
+	if (compr->compr_type == UBIFS_COMPR_NONE) {
+		memcpy(dst, src, slen);
+		*dlen = slen;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	err = compr->decompress(src, slen, dst, (size_t *)dlen);
+	if (err)
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot decompress %d bytes, compressor %s, "
+			  "error %d", slen, compr->name, err);
+
+	return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* from shrinker.c */
+
+/* Global clean znode counter (for all mounted UBIFS instances) */
+atomic_long_t ubifs_clean_zn_cnt;
+
+#endif
+
 /**
  * ubifs_decompress - decompress data.
  * @in_buf: data to decompress
@@ -96,21 +177,21 @@ struct ubifs_compressor ubifs_compressors[UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT] = {
  * The length of the uncompressed data is returned in @out_len. This functions
  * returns %0 on success or a negative error code on failure.
  */
-static int ubifs_decompress(const void *in_buf, int in_len, void *out_buf,
-		     int *out_len, int compr_type)
+int ubifs_decompress(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *in_buf,
+		     int in_len, void *out_buf, int *out_len, int compr_type)
 {
 	int err;
 	struct ubifs_compressor *compr;
 
 	if (unlikely(compr_type < 0 || compr_type >= UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT)) {
-		ubifs_err("invalid compression type %d", compr_type);
+		ubifs_err(c, "invalid compression type %d", compr_type);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	compr = &ubifs_compressors[compr_type];
+	compr = ubifs_compressors[compr_type];
 
 	if (unlikely(!compr->capi_name)) {
-		ubifs_err("%s compression is not compiled in", compr->name);
+		ubifs_err(c, "%s compression is not compiled in", compr->name);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -120,18 +201,207 @@ static int ubifs_decompress(const void *in_buf, int in_len, void *out_buf,
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	err = compr->decompress(in_buf, in_len, out_buf, (size_t *)out_len);
+	if (compr->decomp_mutex)
+		mutex_lock(compr->decomp_mutex);
+	err = crypto_comp_decompress(c, compr->cc, in_buf, in_len, out_buf,
+				     (unsigned int *)out_len);
+	if (compr->decomp_mutex)
+		mutex_unlock(compr->decomp_mutex);
 	if (err)
-		ubifs_err("cannot decompress %d bytes, compressor %s, "
-			  "error %d", in_len, compr->name, err);
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot decompress %d bytes, compressor %s,"
+			  " error %d", in_len, compr->name, err);
 
 	return err;
 }
 
+/**
+ * compr_init - initialize a compressor.
+ * @compr: compressor description object
+ *
+ * This function initializes the requested compressor and returns zero in case
+ * of success or a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+static int __init compr_init(struct ubifs_compressor *compr)
+{
+	ubifs_compressors[compr->compr_type] = compr;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NEEDS_MANUAL_RELOC
+	ubifs_compressors[compr->compr_type]->name += gd->reloc_off;
+	ubifs_compressors[compr->compr_type]->capi_name += gd->reloc_off;
+	ubifs_compressors[compr->compr_type]->decompress += gd->reloc_off;
+#endif
+
+	if (compr->capi_name) {
+		compr->cc = crypto_alloc_comp(compr->capi_name, 0, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(compr->cc)) {
+			dbg_gen("cannot initialize compressor %s,"
+				  " error %ld", compr->name,
+				  PTR_ERR(compr->cc));
+			return PTR_ERR(compr->cc);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_compressors_init - initialize UBIFS compressors.
+ *
+ * This function initializes the compressor which were compiled in. Returns
+ * zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+int __init ubifs_compressors_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = compr_init(&lzo_compr);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = compr_init(&zlib_compr);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = compr_init(&none_compr);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * ubifsls...
  */
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static int filldir(struct ubifs_info *c, const char *name, int namlen,
+		   u64 ino, unsigned int d_type)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	char filetime[32];
+
+	switch (d_type) {
+	case UBIFS_ITYPE_REG:
+		printf("\t");
+		break;
+	case UBIFS_ITYPE_DIR:
+		printf("<DIR>\t");
+		break;
+	case UBIFS_ITYPE_LNK:
+		printf("<LNK>\t");
+		break;
+	default:
+		printf("other\t");
+		break;
+	}
+
+	inode = ubifs_iget(c->vfs_sb, ino);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		printf("%s: Error in ubifs_iget(), ino=%lld ret=%p!\n",
+		       __func__, ino, inode);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	ctime_r((time_t *)&inode->i_mtime, filetime);
+	printf("%9lld  %24.24s  ", inode->i_size, filetime);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	ubifs_iput(inode);
+#endif
+
+	printf("%s\n", name);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ubifs_printdir(struct file *file, void *dirent)
+{
+	int err, over = 0;
+	struct qstr nm;
+	union ubifs_key key;
+	struct ubifs_dent_node *dent;
+	struct inode *dir = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
+	struct ubifs_info *c = dir->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	dbg_gen("dir ino %lu, f_pos %#llx", dir->i_ino, file->f_pos);
+
+	if (file->f_pos > UBIFS_S_KEY_HASH_MASK || file->f_pos == 2)
+		/*
+		 * The directory was seek'ed to a senseless position or there
+		 * are no more entries.
+		 */
+		return 0;
+
+	if (file->f_pos == 1) {
+		/* Find the first entry in TNC and save it */
+		lowest_dent_key(c, &key, dir->i_ino);
+		nm.name = NULL;
+		dent = ubifs_tnc_next_ent(c, &key, &nm);
+		if (IS_ERR(dent)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(dent);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		file->f_pos = key_hash_flash(c, &dent->key);
+		file->private_data = dent;
+	}
+
+	dent = file->private_data;
+	if (!dent) {
+		/*
+		 * The directory was seek'ed to and is now readdir'ed.
+		 * Find the entry corresponding to @file->f_pos or the
+		 * closest one.
+		 */
+		dent_key_init_hash(c, &key, dir->i_ino, file->f_pos);
+		nm.name = NULL;
+		dent = ubifs_tnc_next_ent(c, &key, &nm);
+		if (IS_ERR(dent)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(dent);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		file->f_pos = key_hash_flash(c, &dent->key);
+		file->private_data = dent;
+	}
+
+	while (1) {
+		dbg_gen("feed '%s', ino %llu, new f_pos %#x",
+			dent->name, (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(dent->inum),
+			key_hash_flash(c, &dent->key));
+		ubifs_assert(le64_to_cpu(dent->ch.sqnum) > ubifs_inode(dir)->creat_sqnum);
+
+		nm.len = le16_to_cpu(dent->nlen);
+		over = filldir(c, (char *)dent->name, nm.len,
+			       le64_to_cpu(dent->inum), dent->type);
+		if (over)
+			return 0;
+
+		/* Switch to the next entry */
+		key_read(c, &dent->key, &key);
+		nm.name = (char *)dent->name;
+		dent = ubifs_tnc_next_ent(c, &key, &nm);
+		if (IS_ERR(dent)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(dent);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		kfree(file->private_data);
+		file->f_pos = key_hash_flash(c, &dent->key);
+		file->private_data = dent;
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (err != -ENOENT) {
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot find next direntry, error %d", err);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	kfree(file->private_data);
+	file->private_data = NULL;
+	file->f_pos = 2;
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 static int ubifs_finddir(struct super_block *sb, char *dirname,
 			 unsigned long root_inum, unsigned long *inum)
 {
@@ -206,26 +476,32 @@ static int ubifs_finddir(struct super_block *sb, char *dirname,
 
 out:
 	if (err != -ENOENT)
-		ubifs_err("cannot find next direntry, error %d", err);
+		dbg_gen("cannot find next direntry, error %d", err);
 
 out_free:
-	kfree(file->private_data);
-	free(file);
-	free(dentry);
-	free(dir);
+	if (file->private_data)
+		kfree(file->private_data);
+	if (file)
+		free(file);
+	if (dentry)
+		free(dentry);
+	if (dir)
+		free(dir);
 
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static struct inode *ubifs_findfile(struct super_block *sb, const char *filename)
+static unsigned long ubifs_findfile(struct super_block *sb, const char *filename)
 {
 	int ret;
 	char *next;
 	char fpath[128];
+	char symlinkpath[128];
 	char *name = fpath;
 	unsigned long root_inum = 1;
 	unsigned long inum;
-	struct inode *inode = 0;
+	int symlink_count = 0; /* Don't allow symlink recursion */
+	char link_name[64];
 
 	strcpy(fpath, filename);
 
@@ -238,9 +514,12 @@ static struct inode *ubifs_findfile(struct super_block *sb, const char *filename
 	 */
 	inum = root_inum;
 	if (!name || *name == '\0')
-		return ubifs_iget(sb, 1);
+		return inum;
 
 	for (;;) {
+		struct inode *inode;
+		struct ubifs_inode *ui;
+
 		/* Extract the actual part from the pathname.  */
 		next = strchr(name, '/');
 		if (next) {
@@ -248,13 +527,41 @@ static struct inode *ubifs_findfile(struct super_block *sb, const char *filename
 			while (*next == '/')
 				*(next++) = '\0';
 		}
+
 		ret = ubifs_finddir(sb, name, root_inum, &inum);
 		if (!ret)
-			break;
-
+			return 0;
 		inode = ubifs_iget(sb, inum);
+
 		if (!inode)
-			break;
+			return 0;
+		ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+
+		if ((inode->i_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) {
+			char buf[128];
+
+			/* We have some sort of symlink recursion, bail out */
+			if (symlink_count++ > 8) {
+				printf("Symlink recursion, aborting\n");
+				return 0;
+			}
+			memcpy(link_name, ui->data, ui->data_len);
+			link_name[ui->data_len] = '\0';
+
+			if (link_name[0] == '/') {
+				/* Absolute path, redo everything without
+				 * the leading slash */
+				next = name = link_name + 1;
+				root_inum = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* Relative to cur dir */
+			sprintf(buf, "%s/%s",
+					link_name, next == NULL ? "" : next);
+			memcpy(symlinkpath, buf, sizeof(buf));
+			next = name = symlinkpath;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		/*
 		 * Check if directory with this name exists
@@ -262,16 +569,125 @@ static struct inode *ubifs_findfile(struct super_block *sb, const char *filename
 
 		/* Found the node!  */
 		if (!next || *next == '\0')
-			return inode;
+			return inum;
 
 		root_inum = inum;
 		name = next;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+int ubifs_set_blk_dev(block_dev_desc_t *rbdd, disk_partition_t *info)
+{
+	if (rbdd) {
+		debug("UBIFS cannot be used with normal block devices\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Should never happen since get_device_and_partition() already checks
+	 * this, but better safe then sorry.
+	 */
+	if (!ubifs_is_mounted()) {
+		debug("UBIFS not mounted, use ubifsmount to mount volume first!\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ubifs_ls(const char *filename)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = ubifs_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct file *file;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	struct inode *dir;
+	void *dirent = NULL;
+	unsigned long inum;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	c->ubi = ubi_open_volume(c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id, UBI_READONLY);
+	inum = ubifs_findfile(ubifs_sb, (char *)filename);
+	if (!inum) {
+		ret = -1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	file = kzalloc(sizeof(struct file), 0);
+	dentry = kzalloc(sizeof(struct dentry), 0);
+	dir = kzalloc(sizeof(struct inode), 0);
+	if (!file || !dentry || !dir) {
+		printf("%s: Error, no memory for malloc!\n", __func__);
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_mem;
+	}
+
+	dir->i_sb = ubifs_sb;
+	file->f_path.dentry = dentry;
+	file->f_path.dentry->d_parent = dentry;
+	file->f_path.dentry->d_inode = dir;
+	file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_ino = inum;
+	file->f_pos = 1;
+	file->private_data = NULL;
+	ubifs_printdir(file, dirent);
+
+out_mem:
+	if (file)
+		free(file);
+	if (dentry)
+		free(dentry);
+	if (dir)
+		free(dir);
+
+out:
+	ubi_close_volume(c->ubi);
+	return ret;
+}
 
-		ubifs_iput(inode);
+int ubifs_exists(const char *filename)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = ubifs_sb->s_fs_info;
+	unsigned long inum;
+
+	c->ubi = ubi_open_volume(c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id, UBI_READONLY);
+	inum = ubifs_findfile(ubifs_sb, (char *)filename);
+	ubi_close_volume(c->ubi);
+
+	return inum != 0;
+}
+
+int ubifs_size(const char *filename, loff_t *size)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = ubifs_sb->s_fs_info;
+	unsigned long inum;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	c->ubi = ubi_open_volume(c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id, UBI_READONLY);
+
+	inum = ubifs_findfile(ubifs_sb, (char *)filename);
+	if (!inum) {
+		err = -1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	inode = ubifs_iget(ubifs_sb, inum);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		printf("%s: Error reading inode %ld!\n", __func__, inum);
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		goto out;
 	}
 
-	return NULL;
+	*size = inode->i_size;
+
+	ubifs_iput(inode);
+out:
+	ubi_close_volume(c->ubi);
+	return err;
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
  * ubifsload...
@@ -279,6 +695,11 @@ static struct inode *ubifs_findfile(struct super_block *sb, const char *filename
 
 /* file.c */
 
+static inline void *kmap(struct page *page)
+{
+	return page->addr;
+}
+
 static int read_block(struct inode *inode, void *addr, unsigned int block,
 		      struct ubifs_data_node *dn)
 {
@@ -304,7 +725,7 @@ static int read_block(struct inode *inode, void *addr, unsigned int block,
 
 	dlen = le32_to_cpu(dn->ch.len) - UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ;
 	out_len = UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
-	err = ubifs_decompress(&dn->data, dlen, addr, &out_len,
+	err = ubifs_decompress(c, &dn->data, dlen, addr, &out_len,
 			       le16_to_cpu(dn->compr_type));
 	if (err || len != out_len)
 		goto dump;
@@ -320,12 +741,247 @@ static int read_block(struct inode *inode, void *addr, unsigned int block,
 	return 0;
 
 dump:
-	ubifs_err("bad data node (block %u, inode %lu)",
+	ubifs_err(c, "bad data node (block %u, inode %lu)",
 		  block, inode->i_ino);
-	dbg_dump_node(c, dn);
+	ubifs_dump_node(c, dn);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+static int do_readpage(struct ubifs_info *c, struct inode *inode,
+		       struct page *page, int last_block_size)
+{
+	void *addr;
+	int err = 0, i;
+	unsigned int block, beyond;
+	struct ubifs_data_node *dn;
+	loff_t i_size = inode->i_size;
+
+	dbg_gen("ino %lu, pg %lu, i_size %lld",
+		inode->i_ino, page->index, i_size);
+
+	addr = kmap(page);
+
+	block = page->index << UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT;
+	beyond = (i_size + UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) >> UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+	if (block >= beyond) {
+		/* Reading beyond inode */
+		memset(addr, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	dn = kmalloc(UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!dn)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	i = 0;
+	while (1) {
+		int ret;
+
+		if (block >= beyond) {
+			/* Reading beyond inode */
+			err = -ENOENT;
+			memset(addr, 0, UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Reading last block? Make sure to not write beyond
+			 * the requested size in the destination buffer.
+			 */
+			if (((block + 1) == beyond) || last_block_size) {
+				void *buff;
+				int dlen;
+
+				/*
+				 * We need to buffer the data locally for the
+				 * last block. This is to not pad the
+				 * destination area to a multiple of
+				 * UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE.
+				 */
+				buff = kzalloc(UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
+				if (!buff) {
+					printf("%s: Error, malloc fails!\n",
+					       __func__);
+					err = -ENOMEM;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				/* Read block-size into temp buffer */
+				ret = read_block(inode, buff, block, dn);
+				if (ret) {
+					err = ret;
+					if (err != -ENOENT) {
+						free(buff);
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+
+				if (last_block_size)
+					dlen = last_block_size;
+				else
+					dlen = le32_to_cpu(dn->size);
+
+				/* Now copy required size back to dest */
+				memcpy(addr, buff, dlen);
+
+				free(buff);
+			} else {
+				ret = read_block(inode, addr, block, dn);
+				if (ret) {
+					err = ret;
+					if (err != -ENOENT)
+						break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (++i >= UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE)
+			break;
+		block += 1;
+		addr += UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
+	}
+	if (err) {
+		if (err == -ENOENT) {
+			/* Not found, so it must be a hole */
+			dbg_gen("hole");
+			goto out_free;
+		}
+		ubifs_err(c, "cannot read page %lu of inode %lu, error %d",
+			  page->index, inode->i_ino, err);
+		goto error;
+	}
+
+out_free:
+	kfree(dn);
+out:
+	return 0;
+
+error:
+	kfree(dn);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ubifs_read(const char *filename, void *buf, loff_t offset,
+	       loff_t size, loff_t *actread)
+{
+	struct ubifs_info *c = ubifs_sb->s_fs_info;
+	unsigned long inum;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct page page;
+	int err = 0;
+	int i;
+	int count;
+	int last_block_size = 0;
+
+	*actread = 0;
+
+	if (offset & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) {
+		printf("ubifs: Error offset must be a multple of %d\n",
+		       PAGE_SIZE);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	c->ubi = ubi_open_volume(c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id, UBI_READONLY);
+	/* ubifs_findfile will resolve symlinks, so we know that we get
+	 * the real file here */
+	inum = ubifs_findfile(ubifs_sb, (char *)filename);
+	if (!inum) {
+		err = -1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Read file inode
+	 */
+	inode = ubifs_iget(ubifs_sb, inum);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		printf("%s: Error reading inode %ld!\n", __func__, inum);
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (offset > inode->i_size) {
+		printf("ubifs: Error offset (%lld) > file-size (%lld)\n",
+		       offset, size);
+		err = -1;
+		goto put_inode;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If no size was specified or if size bigger than filesize
+	 * set size to filesize
+	 */
+	if ((size == 0) || (size > (inode->i_size - offset)))
+		size = inode->i_size - offset;
+
+	count = (size + UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) >> UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+
+	page.addr = buf;
+	page.index = offset / PAGE_SIZE;
+	page.inode = inode;
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		/*
+		 * Make sure to not read beyond the requested size
+		 */
+		if (((i + 1) == count) && (size < inode->i_size))
+			last_block_size = size - (i * PAGE_SIZE);
+
+		err = do_readpage(c, inode, &page, last_block_size);
+		if (err)
+			break;
+
+		page.addr += PAGE_SIZE;
+		page.index++;
+	}
+
+	if (err) {
+		printf("Error reading file '%s'\n", filename);
+		*actread = i * PAGE_SIZE;
+	} else {
+		*actread = size;
+	}
+
+put_inode:
+	ubifs_iput(inode);
+
+out:
+	ubi_close_volume(c->ubi);
+	return err;
+}
+
+void ubifs_close(void)
+{
+}
+
+/* Compat wrappers for common/cmd_ubifs.c */
+int ubifs_load(char *filename, u32 addr, u32 size)
+{
+	loff_t actread;
+	int err;
+
+	printf("Loading file '%s' to addr 0x%08x...\n", filename, addr);
+
+	err = ubifs_read(filename, (void *)addr, 0, size, &actread);
+	if (err == 0) {
+		setenv_hex("filesize", actread);
+		printf("Done\n");
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+void uboot_ubifs_umount(void)
+{
+	if (ubifs_sb) {
+		printf("Unmounting UBIFS volume %s!\n",
+		       ((struct ubifs_info *)(ubifs_sb->s_fs_info))->vi.name);
+		ubifs_umount(ubifs_sb->s_fs_info);
+		ubifs_sb = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
 struct ubifs_file {
 	struct inode *inode;
 	void *buf;
@@ -338,8 +994,13 @@ static int ubifs_open(struct device_d *dev, FILE *file, const char *filename)
 	struct ubifs_priv *priv = dev->priv;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct ubifs_file *uf;
+	unsigned long inum;
 
-	inode = ubifs_findfile(priv->sb, filename);
+	inum = ubifs_findfile(priv->sb, filename);
+	if (!inum)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	inode = ubifs_iget(priv->sb, inum);
 	if (!inode)
 		return -ENOENT;
 
@@ -460,11 +1121,13 @@ static DIR *ubifs_opendir(struct device_d *dev, const char *pathname)
 	unsigned long inum;
 	struct ubifs_info *c = priv->sb->s_fs_info;
 
-	inode = ubifs_findfile(priv->sb, pathname);
-	if (!inode)
+	inum = ubifs_findfile(priv->sb, pathname);
+	if (!inum)
 		return NULL;
 
-	inum = inode->i_ino;
+	inode = ubifs_iget(priv->sb, inum);
+	if (!inode)
+		return NULL;
 
 	ubifs_iput(inode);
 
@@ -536,8 +1199,13 @@ static int ubifs_stat(struct device_d *dev, const char *filename, struct stat *s
 {
 	struct ubifs_priv *priv = dev->priv;
 	struct inode *inode;
+	unsigned long inum;
+
+	inum = ubifs_findfile(priv->sb, filename);
+	if (!inum)
+		return -ENOENT;
 
-	inode = ubifs_findfile(priv->sb, filename);
+	inode = ubifs_iget(priv->sb, inum);
 	if (!inode)
 		return -ENOENT;
 
@@ -570,9 +1238,13 @@ static int ubifs_readlink(struct device_d *dev, const char *pathname, char *buf,
 	struct inode *inode;
 	char *symlink;
 	int len;
+	unsigned long inum;
 
-	inode = ubifs_findfile(priv->sb, pathname);
+	inum = ubifs_findfile(priv->sb, pathname);
+	if (!inum)
+		return -ENOENT;
 
+	inode = ubifs_iget(priv->sb, inum);
 	if (!inode)
 		return -ENOENT;
 
@@ -585,7 +1257,7 @@ static int ubifs_readlink(struct device_d *dev, const char *pathname, char *buf,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void ubifs_set_rootarg(struct ubifs_priv *priv, struct fs_device_d *fsdev)
+void ubifs_set_rootarg(struct ubifs_priv *priv, struct fs_device_d *fsdev)
 {
 	struct ubi_volume_info vi = {};
 	struct ubi_device_info di = {};
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/ubifs.h b/fs/ubifs/ubifs.h
index d655cfaac4..75e54e7fef 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/ubifs.h
+++ b/fs/ubifs/ubifs.h
@@ -6,18 +6,7 @@
  * (C) Copyright 2008-2009
  * Stefan Roese, DENX Software Engineering, sr@denx.de.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- * more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
- * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  *
  * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
  *          Adrian Hunter
@@ -26,30 +15,34 @@
 #ifndef __UBIFS_H__
 #define __UBIFS_H__
 
-#if 0	/* Enable for debugging output */
-#define CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG
-#define CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG_MSG_LVL	3
-#endif
-
-#include <common.h>
-#include <malloc.h>
-#include <lzo.h>
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#include <asm/div64.h>
+#include <linux/statfs.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
-#include <linux/pagemap.h>
-#include <linux/stat.h>
-#include <linux/dcache.h>
-#include <linux/mount.h>
-#include <linux/path.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/rwsem.h>
+#include <linux/mtd/ubi.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include "ubifs-media.h"
+#else
+#include <common.h>
+#include <lzo.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
 #include <linux/math64.h>
 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
-#include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/mtd/ubi.h>
-#include <linux/log2.h>
-
+#include <asm/atomic.h>
+#include <asm-generic/atomic-long.h>
 #include "ubifs-media.h"
 
 #define crc32(seed, data, length)  crc32_no_comp(seed, (unsigned char const *)data, length)
@@ -60,10 +53,14 @@ struct iattr;
 struct kstat;
 struct vfsmount;
 
+extern struct super_block *ubifs_sb;
+
 extern unsigned int ubifs_msg_flags;
 extern unsigned int ubifs_chk_flags;
 extern unsigned int ubifs_tst_flags;
 
+#define pgoff_t		unsigned long
+
 /*
  * We "simulate" the Linux page struct much simpler here
  */
@@ -75,19 +72,563 @@ struct page {
 
 void iput(struct inode *inode);
 
+struct kmem_cache { int sz; };
+
+struct kmem_cache *get_mem(int element_sz);
+#define kmem_cache_create(a, sz, c, d, e)	get_mem(sz)
+static inline void *kmem_cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *obj, int flag)
+{
+	return kzalloc(obj->sz, 0);
+}
+
+static inline void kmem_cache_free(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *obj)
+{
+	free(obj);
+}
+static inline void kmem_cache_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
+{
+	free(cachep);
+}
+
+void *kmemdup(const void *src, size_t len, gfp_t gfp);
+
+/* uapi/linux/limits.h */
+#define XATTR_LIST_MAX 65536	/* size of extended attribute namelist (64k) */
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/* linux/include/time.h */
+#define NSEC_PER_SEC	1000000000L
+#define get_seconds()	0
+#define CURRENT_TIME_SEC	((struct timespec) { get_seconds(), 0 })
+
+struct timespec {
+	time_t	tv_sec;		/* seconds */
+	long	tv_nsec;	/* nanoseconds */
+};
+
+static struct timespec current_fs_time(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct timespec now;
+	now.tv_sec = 0;
+	now.tv_nsec = 0;
+	return now;
+};
+
+/* linux/include/dcache.h */
+
 /*
- * The atomic operations are used for budgeting etc which is not
- * needed for the read-only U-Boot implementation:
+ * "quick string" -- eases parameter passing, but more importantly
+ * saves "metadata" about the string (ie length and the hash).
+ *
+ * hash comes first so it snuggles against d_parent in the
+ * dentry.
  */
-#define atomic_long_inc(a)
-#define atomic_long_dec(a)
-#define	atomic_long_sub(a, b)
+struct qstr {
+	unsigned int hash;
+	unsigned int len;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	const char *name;
+#else
+	char *name;
+#endif
+};
+
+/* include/linux/fs.h */
+
+/* Possible states of 'frozen' field */
+enum {
+	SB_UNFROZEN = 0,		/* FS is unfrozen */
+	SB_FREEZE_WRITE	= 1,		/* Writes, dir ops, ioctls frozen */
+	SB_FREEZE_PAGEFAULT = 2,	/* Page faults stopped as well */
+	SB_FREEZE_FS = 3,		/* For internal FS use (e.g. to stop
+					 * internal threads if needed) */
+	SB_FREEZE_COMPLETE = 4,		/* ->freeze_fs finished successfully */
+};
+
+#define SB_FREEZE_LEVELS (SB_FREEZE_COMPLETE - 1)
+
+struct sb_writers {
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	/* Counters for counting writers at each level */
+	struct percpu_counter	counter[SB_FREEZE_LEVELS];
+#endif
+	wait_queue_head_t	wait;		/* queue for waiting for
+						   writers / faults to finish */
+	int			frozen;		/* Is sb frozen? */
+	wait_queue_head_t	wait_unfrozen;	/* queue for waiting for
+						   sb to be thawed */
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
+	struct lockdep_map	lock_map[SB_FREEZE_LEVELS];
+#endif
+};
+
+struct address_space {
+	struct inode		*host;		/* owner: inode, block_device */
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	struct radix_tree_root	page_tree;	/* radix tree of all pages */
+#endif
+	spinlock_t		tree_lock;	/* and lock protecting it */
+	unsigned int		i_mmap_writable;/* count VM_SHARED mappings */
+	struct rb_root		i_mmap;		/* tree of private and shared mappings */
+	struct list_head	i_mmap_nonlinear;/*list VM_NONLINEAR mappings */
+	struct mutex		i_mmap_mutex;	/* protect tree, count, list */
+	/* Protected by tree_lock together with the radix tree */
+	unsigned long		nrpages;	/* number of total pages */
+	pgoff_t			writeback_index;/* writeback starts here */
+	const struct address_space_operations *a_ops;	/* methods */
+	unsigned long		flags;		/* error bits/gfp mask */
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	struct backing_dev_info *backing_dev_info; /* device readahead, etc */
+#endif
+	spinlock_t		private_lock;	/* for use by the address_space */
+	struct list_head	private_list;	/* ditto */
+	void			*private_data;	/* ditto */
+} __attribute__((aligned(sizeof(long))));
+
+/*
+ * Keep mostly read-only and often accessed (especially for
+ * the RCU path lookup and 'stat' data) fields at the beginning
+ * of the 'struct inode'
+ */
+struct inode {
+	umode_t			i_mode;
+	unsigned short		i_opflags;
+	kuid_t			i_uid;
+	kgid_t			i_gid;
+	unsigned int		i_flags;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL
+	struct posix_acl	*i_acl;
+	struct posix_acl	*i_default_acl;
+#endif
+
+	const struct inode_operations	*i_op;
+	struct super_block	*i_sb;
+	struct address_space	*i_mapping;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
+	void			*i_security;
+#endif
+
+	/* Stat data, not accessed from path walking */
+	unsigned long		i_ino;
+	/*
+	 * Filesystems may only read i_nlink directly.  They shall use the
+	 * following functions for modification:
+	 *
+	 *    (set|clear|inc|drop)_nlink
+	 *    inode_(inc|dec)_link_count
+	 */
+	union {
+		const unsigned int i_nlink;
+		unsigned int __i_nlink;
+	};
+	dev_t			i_rdev;
+	loff_t			i_size;
+	struct timespec		i_atime;
+	struct timespec		i_mtime;
+	struct timespec		i_ctime;
+	spinlock_t		i_lock;	/* i_blocks, i_bytes, maybe i_size */
+	unsigned short          i_bytes;
+	unsigned int		i_blkbits;
+	blkcnt_t		i_blocks;
+
+#ifdef __NEED_I_SIZE_ORDERED
+	seqcount_t		i_size_seqcount;
+#endif
+
+	/* Misc */
+	unsigned long		i_state;
+	struct mutex		i_mutex;
+
+	unsigned long		dirtied_when;	/* jiffies of first dirtying */
+
+	struct hlist_node	i_hash;
+	struct list_head	i_wb_list;	/* backing dev IO list */
+	struct list_head	i_lru;		/* inode LRU list */
+	struct list_head	i_sb_list;
+	union {
+		struct hlist_head	i_dentry;
+		struct rcu_head		i_rcu;
+	};
+	u64			i_version;
+	atomic_t		i_count;
+	atomic_t		i_dio_count;
+	atomic_t		i_writecount;
+	const struct file_operations	*i_fop;	/* former ->i_op->default_file_ops */
+	struct file_lock	*i_flock;
+	struct address_space	i_data;
+#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
+	struct dquot		*i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS];
+#endif
+	struct list_head	i_devices;
+	union {
+		struct pipe_inode_info	*i_pipe;
+		struct block_device	*i_bdev;
+		struct cdev		*i_cdev;
+	};
+
+	__u32			i_generation;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_FSNOTIFY
+	__u32			i_fsnotify_mask; /* all events this inode cares about */
+	struct hlist_head	i_fsnotify_marks;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_IMA
+	atomic_t		i_readcount; /* struct files open RO */
+#endif
+	void			*i_private; /* fs or device private pointer */
+};
+#endif
+
+struct super_operations {
+   	struct inode *(*alloc_inode)(struct super_block *sb);
+	void (*destroy_inode)(struct inode *);
+
+   	void (*dirty_inode) (struct inode *, int flags);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	int (*write_inode) (struct inode *, struct writeback_control *wbc);
+#endif
+	int (*drop_inode) (struct inode *);
+	void (*evict_inode) (struct inode *);
+	void (*put_super) (struct super_block *);
+	int (*sync_fs)(struct super_block *sb, int wait);
+	int (*freeze_fs) (struct super_block *);
+	int (*unfreeze_fs) (struct super_block *);
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	int (*statfs) (struct dentry *, struct kstatfs *);
+#endif
+	int (*remount_fs) (struct super_block *, int *, char *);
+	void (*umount_begin) (struct super_block *);
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	int (*show_options)(struct seq_file *, struct dentry *);
+	int (*show_devname)(struct seq_file *, struct dentry *);
+	int (*show_path)(struct seq_file *, struct dentry *);
+	int (*show_stats)(struct seq_file *, struct dentry *);
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
+	ssize_t (*quota_read)(struct super_block *, int, char *, size_t, loff_t);
+	ssize_t (*quota_write)(struct super_block *, int, const char *, size_t, loff_t);
+#endif
+	int (*bdev_try_to_free_page)(struct super_block*, struct page*, gfp_t);
+	long (*nr_cached_objects)(struct super_block *, int);
+	long (*free_cached_objects)(struct super_block *, long, int);
+};
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+struct super_block {
+	struct list_head	s_list;		/* Keep this first */
+	dev_t			s_dev;		/* search index; _not_ kdev_t */
+	unsigned char		s_blocksize_bits;
+	unsigned long		s_blocksize;
+	loff_t			s_maxbytes;	/* Max file size */
+	struct file_system_type	*s_type;
+	const struct super_operations	*s_op;
+	const struct dquot_operations	*dq_op;
+	const struct quotactl_ops	*s_qcop;
+	const struct export_operations *s_export_op;
+	unsigned long		s_flags;
+	unsigned long		s_magic;
+	struct dentry		*s_root;
+	struct rw_semaphore	s_umount;
+	int			s_count;
+	atomic_t		s_active;
+#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
+	void                    *s_security;
+#endif
+	const struct xattr_handler **s_xattr;
+
+	struct list_head	s_inodes;	/* all inodes */
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	struct hlist_bl_head	s_anon;		/* anonymous dentries for (nfs) exporting */
+#endif
+	struct list_head	s_mounts;	/* list of mounts; _not_ for fs use */
+	struct block_device	*s_bdev;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	struct backing_dev_info *s_bdi;
+#endif
+	struct mtd_info		*s_mtd;
+	struct hlist_node	s_instances;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	struct quota_info	s_dquot;	/* Diskquota specific options */
+#endif
+
+	struct sb_writers	s_writers;
+
+	char s_id[32];				/* Informational name */
+	u8 s_uuid[16];				/* UUID */
+
+	void 			*s_fs_info;	/* Filesystem private info */
+	unsigned int		s_max_links;
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	fmode_t			s_mode;
+#endif
+
+	/* Granularity of c/m/atime in ns.
+	   Cannot be worse than a second */
+	u32		   s_time_gran;
+
+	/*
+	 * The next field is for VFS *only*. No filesystems have any business
+	 * even looking at it. You had been warned.
+	 */
+	struct mutex s_vfs_rename_mutex;	/* Kludge */
+
+	/*
+	 * Filesystem subtype.  If non-empty the filesystem type field
+	 * in /proc/mounts will be "type.subtype"
+	 */
+	char *s_subtype;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	/*
+	 * Saved mount options for lazy filesystems using
+	 * generic_show_options()
+	 */
+	char __rcu *s_options;
+#endif
+	const struct dentry_operations *s_d_op; /* default d_op for dentries */
+
+	/*
+	 * Saved pool identifier for cleancache (-1 means none)
+	 */
+	int cleancache_poolid;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	struct shrinker s_shrink;	/* per-sb shrinker handle */
+#endif
+
+	/* Number of inodes with nlink == 0 but still referenced */
+	atomic_long_t s_remove_count;
+
+	/* Being remounted read-only */
+	int s_readonly_remount;
+
+	/* AIO completions deferred from interrupt context */
+	struct workqueue_struct *s_dio_done_wq;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	/*
+	 * Keep the lru lists last in the structure so they always sit on their
+	 * own individual cachelines.
+	 */
+	struct list_lru		s_dentry_lru ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+	struct list_lru		s_inode_lru ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+#endif
+	struct rcu_head		rcu;
+};
+
+struct file_system_type {
+	const char *name;
+	int fs_flags;
+#define FS_REQUIRES_DEV		1 
+#define FS_BINARY_MOUNTDATA	2
+#define FS_HAS_SUBTYPE		4
+#define FS_USERNS_MOUNT		8	/* Can be mounted by userns root */
+#define FS_USERNS_DEV_MOUNT	16 /* A userns mount does not imply MNT_NODEV */
+#define FS_RENAME_DOES_D_MOVE	32768	/* FS will handle d_move() during rename() internally. */
+	struct dentry *(*mount) (struct file_system_type *, int,
+		       const char *, void *);
+	void (*kill_sb) (struct super_block *);
+	struct module *owner;
+	struct file_system_type * next;
+	struct hlist_head fs_supers;
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	struct lock_class_key s_lock_key;
+	struct lock_class_key s_umount_key;
+	struct lock_class_key s_vfs_rename_key;
+	struct lock_class_key s_writers_key[SB_FREEZE_LEVELS];
+
+	struct lock_class_key i_lock_key;
+	struct lock_class_key i_mutex_key;
+	struct lock_class_key i_mutex_dir_key;
+#endif
+};
+
+/* include/linux/mount.h */
+struct vfsmount {
+	struct dentry *mnt_root;	/* root of the mounted tree */
+	struct super_block *mnt_sb;	/* pointer to superblock */
+	int mnt_flags;
+};
+
+struct path {
+	struct vfsmount *mnt;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+};
+
+struct file {
+	struct path		f_path;
+#define f_dentry	f_path.dentry
+#define f_vfsmnt	f_path.mnt
+	const struct file_operations	*f_op;
+	unsigned int 		f_flags;
+	loff_t			f_pos;
+	unsigned int		f_uid, f_gid;
+
+	u64			f_version;
+#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
+	void			*f_security;
+#endif
+	/* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
+	void			*private_data;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL
+	/* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */
+	struct list_head	f_ep_links;
+	spinlock_t		f_ep_lock;
+#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_WRITECOUNT
+	unsigned long f_mnt_write_state;
+#endif
+};
+#endif
 
 /*
  * get_seconds() not really needed in the read-only implmentation
  */
 #define get_seconds()		0
 
+/* 4k page size */
+#define PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT	12
+#define PAGE_CACHE_SIZE		(1 << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT)
+
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+/* Page cache limit. The filesystems should put that into their s_maxbytes
+   limits, otherwise bad things can happen in VM. */
+#if BITS_PER_LONG==32
+#define MAX_LFS_FILESIZE	(((u64)PAGE_CACHE_SIZE << (BITS_PER_LONG-1))-1)
+#elif BITS_PER_LONG==64
+#define MAX_LFS_FILESIZE 	0x7fffffffffffffffUL
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * These are the fs-independent mount-flags: up to 32 flags are supported
+ */
+#define MS_RDONLY	 1	/* Mount read-only */
+#define MS_NOSUID	 2	/* Ignore suid and sgid bits */
+#define MS_NODEV	 4	/* Disallow access to device special files */
+#define MS_NOEXEC	 8	/* Disallow program execution */
+#define MS_SYNCHRONOUS	16	/* Writes are synced at once */
+#define MS_REMOUNT	32	/* Alter flags of a mounted FS */
+#define MS_MANDLOCK	64	/* Allow mandatory locks on an FS */
+#define MS_DIRSYNC	128	/* Directory modifications are synchronous */
+#define MS_NOATIME	1024	/* Do not update access times. */
+#define MS_NODIRATIME	2048	/* Do not update directory access times */
+#define MS_BIND		4096
+#define MS_MOVE		8192
+#define MS_REC		16384
+#define MS_VERBOSE	32768	/* War is peace. Verbosity is silence.
+				   MS_VERBOSE is deprecated. */
+#define MS_SILENT	32768
+#define MS_POSIXACL	(1<<16)	/* VFS does not apply the umask */
+#define MS_UNBINDABLE	(1<<17)	/* change to unbindable */
+#define MS_PRIVATE	(1<<18)	/* change to private */
+#define MS_SLAVE	(1<<19)	/* change to slave */
+#define MS_SHARED	(1<<20)	/* change to shared */
+#define MS_RELATIME	(1<<21)	/* Update atime relative to mtime/ctime. */
+#define MS_KERNMOUNT	(1<<22) /* this is a kern_mount call */
+#define MS_I_VERSION	(1<<23) /* Update inode I_version field */
+#define MS_ACTIVE	(1<<30)
+#define MS_NOUSER	(1<<31)
+
+#define I_NEW			8
+
+/* Inode flags - they have nothing to superblock flags now */
+
+#define S_SYNC		1	/* Writes are synced at once */
+#define S_NOATIME	2	/* Do not update access times */
+#define S_APPEND	4	/* Append-only file */
+#define S_IMMUTABLE	8	/* Immutable file */
+#define S_DEAD		16	/* removed, but still open directory */
+#define S_NOQUOTA	32	/* Inode is not counted to quota */
+#define S_DIRSYNC	64	/* Directory modifications are synchronous */
+#define S_NOCMTIME	128	/* Do not update file c/mtime */
+#define S_SWAPFILE	256	/* Do not truncate: swapon got its bmaps */
+#define S_PRIVATE	512	/* Inode is fs-internal */
+
+/* include/linux/stat.h */
+
+#define S_IFMT  00170000
+#define S_IFSOCK 0140000
+#define S_IFLNK	 0120000
+#define S_IFREG  0100000
+#define S_IFBLK  0060000
+#define S_IFDIR  0040000
+#define S_IFCHR  0020000
+#define S_IFIFO  0010000
+#define S_ISUID  0004000
+#define S_ISGID  0002000
+#define S_ISVTX  0001000
+
+/* include/linux/fs.h */
+
+/*
+ * File types
+ *
+ * NOTE! These match bits 12..15 of stat.st_mode
+ * (ie "(i_mode >> 12) & 15").
+ */
+#define DT_UNKNOWN	0
+#define DT_FIFO		1
+#define DT_CHR		2
+#define DT_DIR		4
+#define DT_BLK		6
+#define DT_REG		8
+#define DT_LNK		10
+#define DT_SOCK		12
+#define DT_WHT		14
+
+#define I_DIRTY_SYNC		1
+#define I_DIRTY_DATASYNC	2
+#define I_DIRTY_PAGES		4
+#define I_NEW			8
+#define I_WILL_FREE		16
+#define I_FREEING		32
+#define I_CLEAR			64
+#define __I_LOCK		7
+#define I_LOCK			(1 << __I_LOCK)
+#define __I_SYNC		8
+#define I_SYNC			(1 << __I_SYNC)
+
+#define I_DIRTY (I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC | I_DIRTY_PAGES)
+
+/* linux/include/dcache.h */
+
+#define DNAME_INLINE_LEN_MIN 36
+
+struct dentry {
+	unsigned int d_flags;		/* protected by d_lock */
+	spinlock_t d_lock;		/* per dentry lock */
+	struct inode *d_inode;		/* Where the name belongs to - NULL is
+					 * negative */
+	/*
+	 * The next three fields are touched by __d_lookup.  Place them here
+	 * so they all fit in a cache line.
+	 */
+	struct hlist_node d_hash;	/* lookup hash list */
+	struct dentry *d_parent;	/* parent directory */
+	struct qstr d_name;
+
+	struct list_head d_lru;		/* LRU list */
+	/*
+	 * d_child and d_rcu can share memory
+	 */
+	struct list_head d_subdirs;	/* our children */
+	struct list_head d_alias;	/* inode alias list */
+	unsigned long d_time;		/* used by d_revalidate */
+	struct super_block *d_sb;	/* The root of the dentry tree */
+	void *d_fsdata;			/* fs-specific data */
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROFILING
+	struct dcookie_struct *d_cookie; /* cookie, if any */
+#endif
+	int d_mounted;
+	unsigned char d_iname[DNAME_INLINE_LEN_MIN];	/* small names */
+};
+#endif
 static inline ino_t parent_ino(struct dentry *dentry)
 {
 	ino_t res;
@@ -100,28 +641,53 @@ static inline ino_t parent_ino(struct dentry *dentry)
 
 /* debug.c */
 
-#define DEFINE_SPINLOCK(...)
 #define module_param_named(...)
 
 /* misc.h */
 #define mutex_lock_nested(...)
 #define mutex_unlock_nested(...)
 #define mutex_is_locked(...)	0
+#endif
 
 /* Version of this UBIFS implementation */
 #define UBIFS_VERSION 1
 
 /* Normal UBIFS messages */
-#define ubifs_msg(fmt, ...) \
-		pr_info("UBIFS: " fmt "\n", ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define ubifs_msg(c, fmt, ...)                                      \
+	pr_notice("UBIFS (ubi%d:%d): " fmt "\n",                    \
+		  (c)->vi.ubi_num, (c)->vi.vol_id, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* UBIFS error messages */
-#define ubifs_err(fmt, ...)                                                  \
-	pr_err("UBIFS error (pid %d): %s: " fmt "\n", 0, \
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+#define ubifs_err(c, fmt, ...)                                      \
+	pr_err("UBIFS error (ubi%d:%d pid %d): %s: " fmt "\n",      \
+	       (c)->vi.ubi_num, (c)->vi.vol_id, current->pid,       \
+	       __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+/* UBIFS warning messages */
+#define ubifs_warn(c, fmt, ...)                                     \
+	pr_warn("UBIFS warning (ubi%d:%d pid %d): %s: " fmt "\n",   \
+		(c)->vi.ubi_num, (c)->vi.vol_id, current->pid,      \
+		__func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define ubifs_err(c, fmt, ...)                                      \
+	pr_err("UBIFS error (ubi%d:%d pid %d): %s: " fmt "\n",      \
+	       (c)->vi.ubi_num, (c)->vi.vol_id, 0,                  \
 	       __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* UBIFS warning messages */
-#define ubifs_warn(fmt, ...)                                         \
-	pr_warn("UBIFS warning (pid %d): %s: " fmt "\n", \
-	       0, __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define ubifs_warn(c, fmt, ...)                                     \
+	pr_warn("UBIFS warning (ubi%d:%d pid %d): %s: " fmt "\n",   \
+		(c)->vi.ubi_num, (c)->vi.vol_id, 0,                 \
+		__func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * A variant of 'ubifs_err()' which takes the UBIFS file-sytem description
+ * object as an argument.
+ */
+#define ubifs_errc(c, fmt, ...)                                     \
+	do {                                                        \
+		if (!(c)->probing)                                  \
+			ubifs_err(c, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);           \
+	} while (0)
 
 /* UBIFS file system VFS magic number */
 #define UBIFS_SUPER_MAGIC 0x24051905
@@ -154,9 +720,6 @@ static inline ino_t parent_ino(struct dentry *dentry)
 #define INUM_WARN_WATERMARK 0xFFF00000
 #define INUM_WATERMARK      0xFFFFFF00
 
-/* Largest key size supported in this implementation */
-#define CUR_MAX_KEY_LEN UBIFS_SK_LEN
-
 /* Maximum number of entries in each LPT (LEB category) heap */
 #define LPT_HEAP_SZ 256
 
@@ -166,8 +729,9 @@ static inline ino_t parent_ino(struct dentry *dentry)
  */
 #define BGT_NAME_PATTERN "ubifs_bgt%d_%d"
 
-/* Default write-buffer synchronization timeout (5 secs) */
-#define DEFAULT_WBUF_TIMEOUT (5 * HZ)
+/* Write-buffer synchronization timeout interval in seconds */
+#define WBUF_TIMEOUT_SOFTLIMIT 3
+#define WBUF_TIMEOUT_HARDLIMIT 5
 
 /* Maximum possible inode number (only 32-bit inodes are supported now) */
 #define MAX_INUM 0xFFFFFFFF
@@ -175,12 +739,10 @@ static inline ino_t parent_ino(struct dentry *dentry)
 /* Number of non-data journal heads */
 #define NONDATA_JHEADS_CNT 2
 
-/* Garbage collector head */
-#define GCHD   0
-/* Base journal head number */
-#define BASEHD 1
-/* First "general purpose" journal head */
-#define DATAHD 2
+/* Shorter names for journal head numbers for internal usage */
+#define GCHD   UBIFS_GC_HEAD
+#define BASEHD UBIFS_BASE_HEAD
+#define DATAHD UBIFS_DATA_HEAD
 
 /* 'No change' value for 'ubifs_change_lp()' */
 #define LPROPS_NC 0x80000001
@@ -190,8 +752,12 @@ static inline ino_t parent_ino(struct dentry *dentry)
  * in TNC. However, when replaying, it is handy to introduce fake "truncation"
  * keys for truncation nodes because the code becomes simpler. So we define
  * %UBIFS_TRUN_KEY type.
+ *
+ * But otherwise, out of the journal reply scope, the truncation keys are
+ * invalid.
  */
-#define UBIFS_TRUN_KEY UBIFS_KEY_TYPES_CNT
+#define UBIFS_TRUN_KEY    UBIFS_KEY_TYPES_CNT
+#define UBIFS_INVALID_KEY UBIFS_KEY_TYPES_CNT
 
 /*
  * How much a directory entry/extended attribute entry adds to the parent/host
@@ -218,6 +784,12 @@ static inline ino_t parent_ino(struct dentry *dentry)
  */
 #define WORST_COMPR_FACTOR 2
 
+/*
+ * How much memory is needed for a buffer where we compress a data node.
+ */
+#define COMPRESSED_DATA_NODE_BUF_SZ \
+	(UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ + UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE * WORST_COMPR_FACTOR)
+
 /* Maximum expected tree height for use by bottom_up_buf */
 #define BOTTOM_UP_HEIGHT 64
 
@@ -291,14 +863,14 @@ enum {
  * LPT cnode flag bits.
  *
  * DIRTY_CNODE: cnode is dirty
- * COW_CNODE: cnode is being committed and must be copied before writing
  * OBSOLETE_CNODE: cnode is being committed and has been copied (or deleted),
- * so it can (and must) be freed when the commit is finished
+ *                 so it can (and must) be freed when the commit is finished
+ * COW_CNODE: cnode is being committed and must be copied before writing
  */
 enum {
 	DIRTY_CNODE    = 0,
-	COW_CNODE      = 1,
-	OBSOLETE_CNODE = 2,
+	OBSOLETE_CNODE = 1,
+	COW_CNODE      = 2,
 };
 
 /*
@@ -338,10 +910,10 @@ struct ubifs_old_idx {
 
 /* The below union makes it easier to deal with keys */
 union ubifs_key {
-	uint8_t u8[CUR_MAX_KEY_LEN];
-	uint32_t u32[CUR_MAX_KEY_LEN/4];
-	uint64_t u64[CUR_MAX_KEY_LEN/8];
-	__le32 j32[CUR_MAX_KEY_LEN/4];
+	uint8_t u8[UBIFS_SK_LEN];
+	uint32_t u32[UBIFS_SK_LEN/4];
+	uint64_t u64[UBIFS_SK_LEN/8];
+	__le32 j32[UBIFS_SK_LEN/4];
 };
 
 /**
@@ -370,7 +942,6 @@ struct ubifs_scan_node {
  * @nodes_cnt: number of nodes scanned
  * @nodes: list of struct ubifs_scan_node
  * @endpt: end point (and therefore the start of empty space)
- * @ecc: read returned -EBADMSG
  * @buf: buffer containing entire LEB scanned
  */
 struct ubifs_scan_leb {
@@ -378,7 +949,6 @@ struct ubifs_scan_leb {
 	int nodes_cnt;
 	struct list_head nodes;
 	int endpt;
-	int ecc;
 	void *buf;
 };
 
@@ -450,9 +1020,9 @@ struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb {
  * The @ui_size is a "shadow" variable for @inode->i_size and UBIFS uses
  * @ui_size instead of @inode->i_size. The reason for this is that UBIFS cannot
  * make sure @inode->i_size is always changed under @ui_mutex, because it
- * cannot call 'vmtruncate()' with @ui_mutex locked, because it would deadlock
- * with 'ubifs_writepage()' (see file.c). All the other inode fields are
- * changed under @ui_mutex, so they do not need "shadow" fields. Note, one
+ * cannot call 'truncate_setsize()' with @ui_mutex locked, because it would
+ * deadlock with 'ubifs_writepage()' (see file.c). All the other inode fields
+ * are changed under @ui_mutex, so they do not need "shadow" fields. Note, one
  * could consider to rework locking and base it on "shadow" fields.
  */
 struct ubifs_inode {
@@ -713,17 +1283,19 @@ typedef int (*ubifs_lpt_scan_callback)(struct ubifs_info *c,
  * @offs: write-buffer offset in this logical eraseblock
  * @avail: number of bytes available in the write-buffer
  * @used:  number of used bytes in the write-buffer
- * @dtype: type of data stored in this LEB (%UBI_LONGTERM, %UBI_SHORTTERM,
- * %UBI_UNKNOWN)
+ * @size: write-buffer size (in [@c->min_io_size, @c->max_write_size] range)
  * @jhead: journal head the mutex belongs to (note, needed only to shut lockdep
  *         up by 'mutex_lock_nested()).
  * @sync_callback: write-buffer synchronization callback
  * @io_mutex: serializes write-buffer I/O
  * @lock: serializes @buf, @lnum, @offs, @avail, @used, @next_ino and @inodes
  *        fields
+ * @softlimit: soft write-buffer timeout interval
+ * @delta: hard and soft timeouts delta (the timer expire interval is @softlimit
+ *         and @softlimit + @delta)
  * @timer: write-buffer timer
- * @timeout: timer expire interval in jiffies
- * @need_sync: it is set if its timer expired and needs sync
+ * @no_timer: non-zero if this write-buffer does not have a timer
+ * @need_sync: non-zero if the timer expired and the wbuf needs sync'ing
  * @next_ino: points to the next position of the following inode number
  * @inodes: stores the inode numbers of the nodes which are in wbuf
  *
@@ -744,13 +1316,16 @@ struct ubifs_wbuf {
 	int offs;
 	int avail;
 	int used;
-	int dtype;
+	int size;
 	int jhead;
 	int (*sync_callback)(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int free, int pad);
 	struct mutex io_mutex;
 	spinlock_t lock;
-	int timeout;
-	int need_sync;
+//	ktime_t softlimit;
+//	unsigned long long delta;
+//	struct hrtimer timer;
+	unsigned int no_timer:1;
+	unsigned int need_sync:1;
 	int next_ino;
 	ino_t *inodes;
 };
@@ -775,12 +1350,14 @@ struct ubifs_bud {
  * struct ubifs_jhead - journal head.
  * @wbuf: head's write-buffer
  * @buds_list: list of bud LEBs belonging to this journal head
+ * @grouped: non-zero if UBIFS groups nodes when writing to this journal head
  *
  * Note, the @buds list is protected by the @c->buds_lock.
  */
 struct ubifs_jhead {
 	struct ubifs_wbuf wbuf;
 	struct list_head buds_list;
+	unsigned int grouped:1;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -816,6 +1393,9 @@ struct ubifs_zbranch {
  * @offs: offset of the corresponding indexing node
  * @len: length  of the corresponding indexing node
  * @zbranch: array of znode branches (@c->fanout elements)
+ *
+ * Note! The @lnum, @offs, and @len fields are not really needed - we have them
+ * only for internal consistency check. They could be removed to save some RAM.
  */
 struct ubifs_znode {
 	struct ubifs_znode *parent;
@@ -826,9 +1406,9 @@ struct ubifs_znode {
 	int child_cnt;
 	int iip;
 	int alt;
-#ifdef CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG
-	int lnum, offs, len;
-#endif
+	int lnum;
+	int offs;
+	int len;
 	struct ubifs_zbranch zbranch[];
 };
 
@@ -881,10 +1461,15 @@ struct ubifs_node_range {
  */
 struct ubifs_compressor {
 	int compr_type;
-	char *name;
-	char *capi_name;
+	struct crypto_comp *cc;
+	struct mutex *comp_mutex;
+	struct mutex *decomp_mutex;
+	const char *name;
+	const char *capi_name;
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
 	int (*decompress)(const unsigned char *in, size_t in_len,
 			  unsigned char *out, size_t *out_len);
+#endif
 };
 
 /**
@@ -958,6 +1543,8 @@ struct ubifs_budget_req {
  * @dnext: next orphan to delete
  * @inum: inode number
  * @new: %1 => added since the last commit, otherwise %0
+ * @cmt: %1 => commit pending, otherwise %0
+ * @del: %1 => delete pending, otherwise %0
  */
 struct ubifs_orphan {
 	struct rb_node rb;
@@ -966,15 +1553,17 @@ struct ubifs_orphan {
 	struct ubifs_orphan *cnext;
 	struct ubifs_orphan *dnext;
 	ino_t inum;
-	int new;
+	unsigned new:1;
+	unsigned cmt:1;
+	unsigned del:1;
 };
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_mount_opts - UBIFS-specific mount options information.
  * @unmount_mode: selected unmount mode (%0 default, %1 normal, %2 fast)
- * @bulk_read: enable/disable bulk-reads (%0 default, %1 disabe, %2 enable)
+ * @bulk_read: enable/disable bulk-reads (%0 default, %1 disable, %2 enable)
  * @chk_data_crc: enable/disable CRC data checking when reading data nodes
- *                (%0 default, %1 disabe, %2 enable)
+ *                (%0 default, %1 disable, %2 enable)
  * @override_compr: override default compressor (%0 - do not override and use
  *                  superblock compressor, %1 - override and use compressor
  *                  specified in @compr_type)
@@ -989,6 +1578,40 @@ struct ubifs_mount_opts {
 	unsigned int compr_type:2;
 };
 
+/**
+ * struct ubifs_budg_info - UBIFS budgeting information.
+ * @idx_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for index growth
+ * @data_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for cached data
+ * @dd_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for cached data that will make
+ *             other data dirty
+ * @uncommitted_idx: amount of bytes were budgeted for growth of the index, but
+ *                   which still have to be taken into account because the index
+ *                   has not been committed so far
+ * @old_idx_sz: size of index on flash
+ * @min_idx_lebs: minimum number of LEBs required for the index
+ * @nospace: non-zero if the file-system does not have flash space (used as
+ *           optimization)
+ * @nospace_rp: the same as @nospace, but additionally means that even reserved
+ *              pool is full
+ * @page_budget: budget for a page (constant, never changed after mount)
+ * @inode_budget: budget for an inode (constant, never changed after mount)
+ * @dent_budget: budget for a directory entry (constant, never changed after
+ *               mount)
+ */
+struct ubifs_budg_info {
+	long long idx_growth;
+	long long data_growth;
+	long long dd_growth;
+	long long uncommitted_idx;
+	unsigned long long old_idx_sz;
+	int min_idx_lebs;
+	unsigned int nospace:1;
+	unsigned int nospace_rp:1;
+	int page_budget;
+	int inode_budget;
+	int dent_budget;
+};
+
 struct ubifs_debug_info;
 
 /**
@@ -1032,6 +1655,7 @@ struct ubifs_debug_info;
  * @cmt_wq: wait queue to sleep on if the log is full and a commit is running
  *
  * @big_lpt: flag that LPT is too big to write whole during commit
+ * @space_fixup: flag indicating that free space in LEBs needs to be cleaned up
  * @no_chk_data_crc: do not check CRCs when reading data nodes (except during
  *                   recovery)
  * @bulk_read: enable bulk-reads
@@ -1057,12 +1681,16 @@ struct ubifs_debug_info;
  *
  * @mst_node: master node
  * @mst_offs: offset of valid master node
- * @mst_mutex: protects the master node area, @mst_node, and @mst_offs
  *
  * @max_bu_buf_len: maximum bulk-read buffer length
  * @bu_mutex: protects the pre-allocated bulk-read buffer and @c->bu
  * @bu: pre-allocated bulk-read information
  *
+ * @write_reserve_mutex: protects @write_reserve_buf
+ * @write_reserve_buf: on the write path we allocate memory, which might
+ *                     sometimes be unavailable, in which case we use this
+ *                     write reserve buffer
+ *
  * @log_lebs: number of logical eraseblocks in the log
  * @log_bytes: log size in bytes
  * @log_last: last LEB of the log
@@ -1084,43 +1712,34 @@ struct ubifs_debug_info;
  *
  * @min_io_size: minimal input/output unit size
  * @min_io_shift: number of bits in @min_io_size minus one
+ * @max_write_size: maximum amount of bytes the underlying flash can write at a
+ *                  time (MTD write buffer size)
+ * @max_write_shift: number of bits in @max_write_size minus one
  * @leb_size: logical eraseblock size in bytes
+ * @leb_start: starting offset of logical eraseblocks within physical
+ *             eraseblocks
  * @half_leb_size: half LEB size
+ * @idx_leb_size: how many bytes of an LEB are effectively available when it is
+ *                used to store indexing nodes (@leb_size - @max_idx_node_sz)
  * @leb_cnt: count of logical eraseblocks
  * @max_leb_cnt: maximum count of logical eraseblocks
  * @old_leb_cnt: count of logical eraseblocks before re-size
  * @ro_media: the underlying UBI volume is read-only
+ * @ro_mount: the file-system was mounted as read-only
+ * @ro_error: UBIFS switched to R/O mode because an error happened
  *
  * @dirty_pg_cnt: number of dirty pages (not used)
  * @dirty_zn_cnt: number of dirty znodes
  * @clean_zn_cnt: number of clean znodes
  *
- * @budg_idx_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for index growth
- * @budg_data_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for cached data
- * @budg_dd_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for cached data that will make
- *                  other data dirty
- * @budg_uncommitted_idx: amount of bytes were budgeted for growth of the index,
- *                        but which still have to be taken into account because
- *                        the index has not been committed so far
- * @space_lock: protects @budg_idx_growth, @budg_data_growth, @budg_dd_growth,
- *              @budg_uncommited_idx, @min_idx_lebs, @old_idx_sz, @lst,
- *              @nospace, and @nospace_rp;
- * @min_idx_lebs: minimum number of LEBs required for the index
- * @old_idx_sz: size of index on flash
+ * @space_lock: protects @bi and @lst
+ * @lst: lprops statistics
+ * @bi: budgeting information
  * @calc_idx_sz: temporary variable which is used to calculate new index size
  *               (contains accurate new index size at end of TNC commit start)
- * @lst: lprops statistics
- * @nospace: non-zero if the file-system does not have flash space (used as
- *           optimization)
- * @nospace_rp: the same as @nospace, but additionally means that even reserved
- *              pool is full
- *
- * @page_budget: budget for a page
- * @inode_budget: budget for an inode
- * @dent_budget: budget for a directory entry
  *
  * @ref_node_alsz: size of the LEB reference node aligned to the min. flash
- * I/O unit
+ *                 I/O unit
  * @mst_node_alsz: master node aligned size
  * @min_idx_node_sz: minimum indexing node aligned on 8-bytes boundary
  * @max_idx_node_sz: maximum indexing node aligned on 8-bytes boundary
@@ -1203,9 +1822,11 @@ struct ubifs_debug_info;
  *             previous commit start
  * @uncat_list: list of un-categorized LEBs
  * @empty_list: list of empty LEBs
- * @freeable_list: list of freeable non-index LEBs (free + dirty == leb_size)
- * @frdi_idx_list: list of freeable index LEBs (free + dirty == leb_size)
+ * @freeable_list: list of freeable non-index LEBs (free + dirty == @leb_size)
+ * @frdi_idx_list: list of freeable index LEBs (free + dirty == @leb_size)
  * @freeable_cnt: number of freeable LEBs in @freeable_list
+ * @in_a_category_cnt: count of lprops which are in a certain category, which
+ *                     basically meants that they were loaded from the flash
  *
  * @ltab_lnum: LEB number of LPT's own lprops table
  * @ltab_offs: offset of LPT's own lprops table
@@ -1222,26 +1843,30 @@ struct ubifs_debug_info;
  * @rp_uid: reserved pool user ID
  * @rp_gid: reserved pool group ID
  *
- * @empty: if the UBI device is empty
- * @replay_tree: temporary tree used during journal replay
+ * @empty: %1 if the UBI device is empty
+ * @need_recovery: %1 if the file-system needs recovery
+ * @replaying: %1 during journal replay
+ * @mounting: %1 while mounting
+ * @probing: %1 while attempting to mount if MS_SILENT mount flag is set
+ * @remounting_rw: %1 while re-mounting from R/O mode to R/W mode
  * @replay_list: temporary list used during journal replay
  * @replay_buds: list of buds to replay
  * @cs_sqnum: sequence number of first node in the log (commit start node)
  * @replay_sqnum: sequence number of node currently being replayed
- * @need_recovery: file-system needs recovery
- * @replaying: set to %1 during journal replay
- * @unclean_leb_list: LEBs to recover when mounting ro to rw
- * @rcvrd_mst_node: recovered master node to write when mounting ro to rw
+ * @unclean_leb_list: LEBs to recover when re-mounting R/O mounted FS to R/W
+ *                    mode
+ * @rcvrd_mst_node: recovered master node to write when re-mounting R/O mounted
+ *                  FS to R/W mode
  * @size_tree: inode size information for recovery
- * @remounting_rw: set while remounting from ro to rw (sb flags have MS_RDONLY)
- * @always_chk_crc: always check CRCs (while mounting and remounting rw)
  * @mount_opts: UBIFS-specific mount options
  *
  * @dbg: debugging-related information
  */
 struct ubifs_info {
 	struct super_block *vfs_sb;
-
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
+	struct backing_dev_info bdi;
+#endif
 	ino_t highest_inum;
 	unsigned long long max_sqnum;
 	unsigned long long cmt_no;
@@ -1273,6 +1898,7 @@ struct ubifs_info {
 	wait_queue_head_t cmt_wq;
 
 	unsigned int big_lpt:1;
+	unsigned int space_fixup:1;
 	unsigned int no_chk_data_crc:1;
 	unsigned int bulk_read:1;
 	unsigned int default_compr:2;
@@ -1296,12 +1922,14 @@ struct ubifs_info {
 
 	struct ubifs_mst_node *mst_node;
 	int mst_offs;
-	struct mutex mst_mutex;
 
 	int max_bu_buf_len;
 	struct mutex bu_mutex;
 	struct bu_info bu;
 
+	struct mutex write_reserve_mutex;
+	void *write_reserve_buf;
+
 	int log_lebs;
 	long long log_bytes;
 	int log_last;
@@ -1323,28 +1951,27 @@ struct ubifs_info {
 
 	int min_io_size;
 	int min_io_shift;
+	int max_write_size;
+	int max_write_shift;
 	int leb_size;
+	int leb_start;
 	int half_leb_size;
+	int idx_leb_size;
 	int leb_cnt;
 	int max_leb_cnt;
 	int old_leb_cnt;
-	int ro_media;
+	unsigned int ro_media:1;
+	unsigned int ro_mount:1;
+	unsigned int ro_error:1;
+
+	atomic_long_t dirty_pg_cnt;
+	atomic_long_t dirty_zn_cnt;
+	atomic_long_t clean_zn_cnt;
 
-	long long budg_idx_growth;
-	long long budg_data_growth;
-	long long budg_dd_growth;
-	long long budg_uncommitted_idx;
 	spinlock_t space_lock;
-	int min_idx_lebs;
-	unsigned long long old_idx_sz;
-	unsigned long long calc_idx_sz;
 	struct ubifs_lp_stats lst;
-	unsigned int nospace:1;
-	unsigned int nospace_rp:1;
-
-	int page_budget;
-	int inode_budget;
-	int dent_budget;
+	struct ubifs_budg_info bi;
+	unsigned long long calc_idx_sz;
 
 	int ref_node_alsz;
 	int mst_node_alsz;
@@ -1430,6 +2057,7 @@ struct ubifs_info {
 	struct list_head freeable_list;
 	struct list_head frdi_idx_list;
 	int freeable_cnt;
+	int in_a_category_cnt;
 
 	int ltab_lnum;
 	int ltab_offs;
@@ -1447,32 +2075,35 @@ struct ubifs_info {
 	gid_t rp_gid;
 
 	/* The below fields are used only during mounting and re-mounting */
-	int empty;
-	struct rb_root replay_tree;
+	unsigned int empty:1;
+	unsigned int need_recovery:1;
+	unsigned int replaying:1;
+	unsigned int mounting:1;
+	unsigned int remounting_rw:1;
+	unsigned int probing:1;
 	struct list_head replay_list;
 	struct list_head replay_buds;
 	unsigned long long cs_sqnum;
 	unsigned long long replay_sqnum;
-	int need_recovery;
-	int replaying;
 	struct list_head unclean_leb_list;
 	struct ubifs_mst_node *rcvrd_mst_node;
 	struct rb_root size_tree;
-	int remounting_rw;
-	int always_chk_crc;
 	struct ubifs_mount_opts mount_opts;
 
-	unsigned int fs_size_mb;
-	struct device_d *dev;
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
 	struct ubifs_debug_info *dbg;
 #endif
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+	struct device_d *dev;
+#endif
 };
 
+extern struct list_head ubifs_infos;
 extern spinlock_t ubifs_infos_lock;
+extern atomic_long_t ubifs_clean_zn_cnt;
 extern struct kmem_cache *ubifs_inode_slab;
 extern const struct super_operations ubifs_super_operations;
+extern const struct xattr_handler *ubifs_xattr_handlers[];
 extern const struct address_space_operations ubifs_file_address_operations;
 extern const struct file_operations ubifs_file_operations;
 extern const struct inode_operations ubifs_file_inode_operations;
@@ -1480,20 +2111,27 @@ extern const struct file_operations ubifs_dir_operations;
 extern const struct inode_operations ubifs_dir_inode_operations;
 extern const struct inode_operations ubifs_symlink_inode_operations;
 extern struct backing_dev_info ubifs_backing_dev_info;
-extern struct ubifs_compressor ubifs_compressors[UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT];
+extern struct ubifs_compressor *ubifs_compressors[UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT];
 
 /* io.c */
 void ubifs_ro_mode(struct ubifs_info *c, int err);
+int ubifs_leb_read(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, void *buf, int offs,
+		   int len, int even_ebadmsg);
+int ubifs_leb_write(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, const void *buf, int offs,
+		    int len);
+int ubifs_leb_change(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, const void *buf, int len);
+int ubifs_leb_unmap(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum);
+int ubifs_leb_map(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum);
+int ubifs_is_mapped(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum);
 int ubifs_wbuf_write_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, void *buf, int len);
-int ubifs_wbuf_seek_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, int lnum, int offs,
-			   int dtype);
+int ubifs_wbuf_seek_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, int lnum, int offs);
 int ubifs_wbuf_init(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf);
 int ubifs_read_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int type, int len,
 		    int lnum, int offs);
 int ubifs_read_node_wbuf(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, void *buf, int type, int len,
 			 int lnum, int offs);
 int ubifs_write_node(struct ubifs_info *c, void *node, int len, int lnum,
-		     int offs, int dtype);
+		     int offs);
 int ubifs_check_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *buf, int lnum,
 		     int offs, int quiet, int must_chk_crc);
 void ubifs_prepare_node(struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len, int pad);
@@ -1507,7 +2145,7 @@ int ubifs_sync_wbufs_by_inode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct inode *inode);
 
 /* scan.c */
 struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
-				  int offs, void *sbuf);
+				  int offs, void *sbuf, int quiet);
 void ubifs_scan_destroy(struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb);
 int ubifs_scan_a_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len, int lnum,
 		      int offs, int quiet);
@@ -1569,7 +2207,7 @@ long long ubifs_reported_space(const struct ubifs_info *c, long long free);
 long long ubifs_calc_available(const struct ubifs_info *c, int min_idx_lebs);
 
 /* find.c */
-int ubifs_find_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c, int min_space, int *free,
+int ubifs_find_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c, int min_space, int *offs,
 			  int squeeze);
 int ubifs_find_free_leb_for_idx(struct ubifs_info *c);
 int ubifs_find_dirty_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_lprops *ret_lp,
@@ -1631,8 +2269,13 @@ int ubifs_tnc_read_node(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zbr,
 int ubifs_tnc_start_commit(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_zbranch *zroot);
 int ubifs_tnc_end_commit(struct ubifs_info *c);
 
+#ifndef __BAREBOX__
 /* shrinker.c */
-int ubifs_shrinker(int nr_to_scan, gfp_t gfp_mask);
+unsigned long ubifs_shrink_scan(struct shrinker *shrink,
+				struct shrink_control *sc);
+unsigned long ubifs_shrink_count(struct shrinker *shrink,
+				 struct shrink_control *sc);
+#endif
 
 /* commit.c */
 int ubifs_bg_thread(void *info);
@@ -1651,6 +2294,7 @@ int ubifs_write_master(struct ubifs_info *c);
 int ubifs_read_superblock(struct ubifs_info *c);
 struct ubifs_sb_node *ubifs_read_sb_node(struct ubifs_info *c);
 int ubifs_write_sb_node(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_sb_node *sup);
+int ubifs_fixup_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c);
 
 /* replay.c */
 int ubifs_validate_entry(struct ubifs_info *c,
@@ -1732,14 +2376,15 @@ const struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_fast_find_free(struct ubifs_info *c);
 const struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_fast_find_empty(struct ubifs_info *c);
 const struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_fast_find_freeable(struct ubifs_info *c);
 const struct ubifs_lprops *ubifs_fast_find_frdi_idx(struct ubifs_info *c);
+int ubifs_calc_dark(const struct ubifs_info *c, int spc);
 
 /* file.c */
-int ubifs_fsync(struct file *file, struct dentry *dentry, int datasync);
+int ubifs_fsync(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync);
 int ubifs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr);
 
 /* dir.c */
 struct inode *ubifs_new_inode(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *dir,
-			      int mode);
+			      umode_t mode);
 int ubifs_getattr(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry,
 		  struct kstat *stat);
 
@@ -1750,6 +2395,8 @@ ssize_t ubifs_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name, void *buf,
 		       size_t size);
 ssize_t ubifs_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, size_t size);
 int ubifs_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name);
+int ubifs_init_security(struct inode *dentry, struct inode *inode,
+			const struct qstr *qstr);
 
 /* super.c */
 struct inode *ubifs_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long inum);
@@ -1759,11 +2406,11 @@ int ubifs_iput(struct inode *inode);
 int ubifs_recover_master_node(struct ubifs_info *c);
 int ubifs_write_rcvrd_mst_node(struct ubifs_info *c);
 struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_recover_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
-					 int offs, void *sbuf, int grouped);
+					 int offs, void *sbuf, int jhead);
 struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_recover_log_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 					     int offs, void *sbuf);
-int ubifs_recover_inl_heads(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf);
-int ubifs_clean_lebs(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf);
+int ubifs_recover_inl_heads(struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf);
+int ubifs_clean_lebs(struct ubifs_info *c, void *sbuf);
 int ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit(struct ubifs_info *c);
 int ubifs_recover_size_accum(struct ubifs_info *c, union ubifs_key *key,
 			     int deletion, loff_t new_size);
@@ -1777,16 +2424,21 @@ void ubifs_set_inode_flags(struct inode *inode);
 long ubifs_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
 #endif
 
+/* compressor.c */
+int __init ubifs_compressors_init(void);
+void ubifs_compressors_exit(void);
+void ubifs_compress(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *in_buf, int in_len,
+		    void *out_buf, int *out_len, int *compr_type);
+int ubifs_decompress(const struct ubifs_info *c, const void *buf, int len,
+		     void *out, int *out_len, int compr_type);
+
 #include "debug.h"
 #include "misc.h"
 #include "key.h"
 
+#ifdef __BAREBOX__
+void ubifs_umount(struct ubifs_info *c);
 struct super_block *ubifs_get_super(struct device_d *dev, struct ubi_volume_desc *ubi, int silent);
-void ubifs_umount(struct ubifs_info *);
-
-static inline int ubifs_readonly(struct ubifs_info *c)
-{
-	return 1;
-}
+#endif
 
 #endif /* !__UBIFS_H__ */