License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

27 files changed, 27 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/atomic.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/atomic.h
index 349a47a918db7..941e7554e886a 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/atomic.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/atomic.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ARCH_H8300_ATOMIC__
 #define __ARCH_H8300_ATOMIC__
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/bitops.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/bitops.h
index 05999aba1d6ab..ea0cb0cf6a8bb 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/bitops.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/bitops.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_BITOPS_H
 #define _H8300_BITOPS_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/bug.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/bug.h
index 1e1be8119935b..00fe5e966bb5b 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/bug.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/bug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_BUG_H
 #define _H8300_BUG_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/byteorder.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/byteorder.h
index 888478a381452..ecff2d1ca5a38 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/byteorder.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/byteorder.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __H8300_BYTEORDER_H__
 #define __H8300_BYTEORDER_H__
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/cache.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/cache.h
index 0ef1edc5a6a62..4243eb319acf3 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/cache.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/cache.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ARCH_H8300_CACHE_H
 #define __ARCH_H8300_CACHE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/cmpxchg.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
index 95fec4cd10810..c64bb38ce2428 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ARCH_H8300_CMPXCHG__
 #define __ARCH_H8300_CMPXCHG__
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
index 847c7562e0460..21bb1fc3a6f1a 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_DMA_MAPPING_H
 #define _H8300_DMA_MAPPING_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/elf.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/elf.h
index 09031d0127a3c..029647cda44c9 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/elf.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/elf.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ASM_H8300_ELF_H
 #define __ASM_H8300_ELF_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/flat.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/flat.h
index 7e0bd6fa15324..f4cdfcbdd2bae 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/flat.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/flat.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * arch/h8300/asm/include/flat.h -- uClinux flat-format executables
  */
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/hash.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/hash.h
index 04cfbd2bd8509..2960b4c9e4edf 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/hash.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/hash.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_HASH_H
 #define _ASM_HASH_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/io.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/io.h
index f86918aed9e11..096d99580db66 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/io.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/io.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_IO_H
 #define _H8300_IO_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/irq.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/irq.h
index 69f23f0981b3b..5fc5b436dde98 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/irq.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/irq.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_IRQ_H_
 #define _H8300_IRQ_H_
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/irqflags.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/irqflags.h
index 5e1e3242e4703..48756b7f405e2 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/irqflags.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/irqflags.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_IRQFLAGS_H
 #define _H8300_IRQFLAGS_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/page.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/page.h
index 3a987a567258f..8da5124ad3440 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/page.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/page.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_PAGE_H
 #define _H8300_PAGE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/pci.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/pci.h
index 0b2acaa3dd84c..7c9e55d622158 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/pci.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/pci.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_H8300_PCI_H
 #define _ASM_H8300_PCI_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/pgtable.h
index 7d265d28ba5ee..a99caa49d2656 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/pgtable.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/pgtable.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_PGTABLE_H
 #define _H8300_PGTABLE_H
 #define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/processor.h
index afa53147e66a8..985346393e4aa 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * include/asm-h8300/processor.h
  *
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/ptrace.h
index e693fb463ea8e..313cafa853807 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/ptrace.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/ptrace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_PTRACE_H
 #define _H8300_PTRACE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/segment.h
index 48424c6e169f6..9adbf7e1aaa39 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/segment.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/segment.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_SEGMENT_H
 #define _H8300_SEGMENT_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/signal.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/signal.h
index 5870835c0470d..a42f32ca530f3 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/signal.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/signal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_SIGNAL_H
 #define _H8300_SIGNAL_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/string.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/string.h
index 5dc5a8ac05445..78e45bb2fef0d 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/string.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/string.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_STRING_H_
 #define _H8300_STRING_H_
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/switch_to.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/switch_to.h
index 7ad1bf92dbc31..2b7e9555bcd16 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/switch_to.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/switch_to.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_SWITCH_TO_H
 #define _H8300_SWITCH_TO_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/syscall.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/syscall.h
index b41f688d02cf5..9249904012371 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/syscall.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/syscall.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ASM_H8300_SYSCALLS_32_H
 #define __ASM_H8300_SYSCALLS_32_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/thread_info.h
index 3cef06875f5ca..072b92c0d8b50 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/thread_info.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/thread_info.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* thread_info.h: h8300 low-level thread information
  * adapted from the i386 and PPC versions by Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
  *
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/tlb.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/tlb.h
index 2c6fa4eed448a..98f344279904a 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/tlb.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/tlb.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __H8300_TLB_H__
 #define __H8300_TLB_H__
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/uaccess.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/uaccess.h
index 6f6144a240ce8..bc8031949d07b 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/uaccess.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/uaccess.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_UACCESS_H
 #define _ASM_UACCESS_H
 
diff --git a/arch/h8300/include/asm/user.h b/arch/h8300/include/asm/user.h
index 2e3555f451f08..2298909f24c63 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/include/asm/user.h
+++ b/arch/h8300/include/asm/user.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _H8300_USER_H
 #define _H8300_USER_H